Qin dynasty, Sui dynasty and Yuan dynasty declined because of internal peasant uprising, which can be divided into one category. The Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty declined because of the five disorderly flowers in the north, and these two dynasties were classified into another category.
Less than a hundred years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, although the country was destroyed because of peasant uprising, the Qin, Sui and Yuan Dynasties were still slightly different.
Everyone knows that Qin Ershi is dead, so how did it die?
First, Qin Shihuang was brilliant, with books on the same track and unified measurement. Although he left a very valuable wealth to later generations, for the literati at that time, from the Warring States to the Qin Dynasty, the changes were so drastic that they had to re-study the characters, which caused some dissatisfaction.
Secondly, Qin Shihuang burned books and buried Confucianism, adopted the legalist policy, and trained a group of officials who were familiar with the Qin law and dispersed them to counties and counties to govern the world in strict accordance with the Qin law. This centralized system and strict law enforcement attitude have also created a good template for future generations, but from the relatively free and free-range state in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people do not understand that they have to abide by so many regulations at once.
Third, Qin Ershi Hu Hai was ruthless and killed Fu Su and many other brothers and sisters. He also favored courtier Zhao Gao, killed Prime Minister Reese, and built Epang Palace and Lishan Cemetery. Farmers all over the world are miserable. At this time, Zhao Gao was in charge, and the famous "calling a deer a horse" was born, but it was not worthy. Without Reese's ability, it will eventually perish.
Generally speaking, the demise of the Qin Dynasty was due to social upheaval and Hu Hai, the incompetent second sai-jo. The Sui Dynasty was somewhat similar to the Qin Dynasty. When Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang died, it basically meant the decline of the Sui Dynasty. The emperors behind him, You Yang and Yang Guifei, were just puppets of Li Yuan and Wang.
In the eyes of later generations, Yang Guang and Emperor Yang Di founded the imperial examination system, opened the Grand Canal, and made three expeditions to Liaodong. All countries came to Korea, which is a great country. In fact, he taxed too much, was extravagant and wasted, and built many buildings, which was eventually overthrown by frequent peasant uprisings in China. Sui Shu said of him: "If you do evil in heaven, you can still violate it. If you do evil yourself, you can't escape. " (Running away is also a shame)
The Yuan Dynasty had the largest territory, which no one has ever surpassed. However, as a dynasty ruled by ethnic minorities, it did not overcome ethnic contradictions, and was finally overthrown by Zhu Yuanzhang under the slogan of "expelling Land Rover and restoring China".
The Western Jin Dynasty only existed for 5 1 year. Because the Jiupin Zheng Zhi system lost its function of recommending talents in the later period, it formed a class barrier, and ordinary people could not be promoted through hard work. The aristocratic families were arrogant and extravagant, vying for power and profit, and the style of the court was corrupt, which laid a hidden danger for the later domestic rebellion and defeat in Wuhu.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty is the product of the balance of power between Sima's royal family and Wang, Xie, Yu, Huan and other big families, and it is easy to get out of control because of the resistance to the northern five lakes and sixteen countries, and the frontier forces are under control. Only Wang Dun was stopped by Wang Dao, the prime minister comparable to Zhuge Liang, Huan Wen was stopped by Xie An and Wang, and Liu Yuze was done.
When Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang overthrew the Qin Dynasty, it was in 202 BC, and 100 years later was 103 BC, which was the second year of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty can be said to be one of the leading emperors in the ancient history of China. Drive Huns in the north, attack South Vietnam in the south, frighten North Korea in the east, and break Dawan in the west. What was he doing in the second grade? According to Records of the Historian, Zuo Dawei of Xiongnu said the year before last that he would kill Khan and submit to the Han Dynasty, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked people to set up a surrender city in the north. In the second year of Tai Chu, Zhao Ponu, a surname of Zhuoye, led more than 20,000 cavalry out of more than 2,000 miles northwest of North China. Zuo Da just wanted to attack when he was killed by Erhan.
At this time, the Huns had been expelled by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and migrated to the northwest. Because the city that surrendered was in Xinre Ancient City, Urad Zhongqi, Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia, it was not far from China's frontier, while Zuo Dawei was "still far away" at that time.
Visible, at this time of the han dynasty, embattled, is a country with very strong national strength.
The Tang Dynasty was founded in 6 18 A.D., and in 7 17 A.D. after 100 A.D., that is, the fifth year of Kaiyuan, and the famous "prosperous time of Kaiyuan" was in these years. At this time, Li Longji was in power. He promoted virtuous officials, rectified corruption, established a supervision system, advocated frugality economically, eased land annexation by fixing production quotas to households, changed the system of officers and men into a recruitment system militarily, and surrendered to neighboring countries such as Qidan, Xi and Shiwei.
What happened in the five years of Kaiyuan? The records in Old Tang Shu are basically running accounts. "In November, Li, the leader of Qidan County in the late Song Dynasty, came to the DPRK with his eldest daughter Princess Yongle and his wife." When the leader of Qidan came to worship, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty married his daughter to him. There is basically nothing else, which shows that the prosperity is peaceful.
The Song Dynasty was founded in 960, followed by 100 and 1059. Song Renzong was in the fourth year of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Song Renzong reigned for 42 years and was the longest-serving emperor in the Song Dynasty. During his reign, he carried out reforms in view of the increasingly serious phenomenon of land annexation, redundant officials, redundant soldiers and redundant expenses. Although it eventually failed because of the obstruction of the clan, it also laid the groundwork for Wang Anshi's reform.
Under his rule, the science, culture and economy of the Northern Song Dynasty flourished, which was called "the rule of Ren Zongsheng" in history.
Song history spoke highly of him: "the country has its advantages and disadvantages, but it is not enough to rule the world;" There are no villains in the DPRK, but it is not enough to win the good. The perseverance of the monarch and the minister and the policy of loyalty to the monarch have been the basis for cultivating Song San for more than a hundred years. " Yuan Tuotuo praised him for laying the foundation for more than 300 years of rule in the Song Dynasty.
The Ming dynasty was founded in 1368, followed by 1467. Ming Xianzong Chenghua for three years. During his reign, he carried out military strikes against Nuzhen and Tatar, and made many disaster relief and tax exemption in China. The population of the Ming Dynasty reached its peak, 7 1850 132, which was called "Chenghua Zhongxing" in history.
The Qing dynasty was founded in 1636, followed by 1735. In the 13th year of Yongzheng, Yong Zhengdi Yong Zhengdi came to power. He continued some policies of Emperor Kangxi, and at the same time carried out reforms such as spreading land into the ground, improving local conditions and keeping banks clean, which reduced the burden on farmers, reduced ethnic contradictions and made officials more clean.
The Qin Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty declined in less than a hundred years, either because of social upheaval, or because the burden of ordinary people was too heavy, or because of ethnic conflicts, or because of foreign invasion. If we can avoid it according to these experiences, then our way of governing the country will be as long as Han, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
A careful study of the social conditions of the Han, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties since the founding of the People's Republic of China 100 years will reveal that they are all in a state of national rejuvenation. Looking at the records at that time, people at that time might think that the country would always exist.
However, the Han Dynasty existed for 407 years, the Tang Dynasty for 287 years, the Song Dynasty for 365 years, 438+09 years, the Ming Dynasty for 276 years and the Qing Dynasty for 296 years, all of which were strong and weak, with ups and downs.
Therefore, people can't judge the future of the country because of the current prosperity, but should be prepared for danger in times of peace and keep making progress. If every century is as full of urgency as the first century of the founding of the People's Republic of China, this country may exist for a long time.