Green red gang organization, the red gang was established first. Hong Gang's real name is "Hong Men", and green gang (also known as green gang) is also called "Ann green gang".
Hongmen was founded in the early Qing Dynasty. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs and the Ming Dynasty fell, some people who were left behind by the Ming Dynasty and did not want to be oppressed by the Manchu rule formed a secret group to engage in anti-Qing activities. It was named after "Hong Men" for remembering Zhu Yuanzhang's Hongwu era. Hong Men was an organization that resisted the rule of the Qing Dynasty. In order to avoid the repression of the officers and men of the Qing army, it was active in river basins based on deep mountains and forests in the early days. The pension center popular in southwest China is also a branch of Hongmen. Secret organizations such as White Lotus Society, Red Gun Society, Broadsword Society, Knife Society and Heaven and Earth Society also evolved from Hong Men.
Hong Men takes the word "loyalty and righteousness" as his ruling thought. The organizational forms are modeled after the Water Margin and named after "mountains", such as Taihang Mountain, Zhong Nanshan Mountain, Jiulong Mountain, Shaohua Mountain, Wudang Mountain and Jinchu Mountain. There are "churches" such as Zhongyitang, Zhongyitang, Renyitang and Hongshuntang at the foot of the mountain. The gang members are all brothers, without seniority. Deacons in gangs are divided into "inner eight halls" and "outer eight halls". The duties of the "inner eight chapters" are: leader (also known as "mountain master", which is divided into official duties and negative duties), sitting in the hall (left), accompanying the hall (right), audience (in charge of etiquette), deacon hall (in charge of general affairs), punishment hall (in charge of criminal law) and ". Nominally, there are ten rows of "Outer Eight Halls", including one row of "confidant" ("Governor Waijiang"), two rows of "sage" (strategist, usually filled by a monk), three rows of "master" (in charge of meals) and four rows of "Jinfeng" (also known as "Sister Jin" and "Fourth Sister"), all of which are brothers' homes. Unmarried women), eight rows of "guarding the mountain" (guarding the generals at the mountain pass, usually filled by Taoist priests), nine rows of "Jiangkou" (guarding the water at the mountain pass) and ten rows of "Yao Man" (guarding). Four or seven of the ten rows are women leaving the hall, so they are called "outer eight chapters". When you join the company and go up the mountain, you have to pay for food, with three, thirty-six, and one hundred and eight as the standard number, no more, no less. "Three" refers to the three wishes of Taoyuan, "Thirty-six" refers to the thirty-six friends of Jia Jialou (also known as the three friends of Wagang), and "One hundred and eight" refers to the one hundred and eight generals of Dan Liang.
The green gang comes from the red gang. According to legend, Hong Men middleman Weng Mou, Qian Mou and Pan Mou were bought and sold by the Qing Dynasty, and the purpose of Hong Men's anti-Qing and regaining sight was changed to An Qing and Bao Qing, and another portal was set up to set up An Qing Gang. Ann green gang no longer takes "loyalty" as the foundation, but takes "Thirteen Ancestors" as the idol. They brought their old brothers together and passed them on from master to apprentice. The organization forms are named after gangs, such as "Garber Gang", "Jianghuai Gang" and "Jiahaiwei Gang" which are common in the north. There are two kinds of incense halls in Anqing Gang. Daxiangtang is the thirteenth ancestor, including Dharma, Huineng, Luzu, and its founders Weng, Qian and Pan. Xiaoxiangtang is only for Weng, Qian and Pan Sanzu. Ann green gang's generation was originally set at 20, that is, "Jing De, civilized Buddhism, benevolence and wisdom, original self-confidence, Yuan Li Mingxing." By the end of the Qing Dynasty, these 20 words were used up, and the word "university" was added, that is, the twenty-first to twenty-fourth generations. After the Republic of China, the gang added 24 words, namely: "All things are converted, the commandments are handed down from generation to generation, the mind is turned back, the door is always open, the people are enlightened, and Buddhism is practiced." It is called "the first twenty-four generations" and "the last twenty-four generations" in the gang.
After Anqing gang took refuge in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court instructed Anqing gang to protect and transport the munitions from Hangzhou to Tongzhou, and set up dock officers to guard the canal in sections. Hong Men regards green gang as a traitor, and there is a proverb in Hong Men: "From green to flood, wear red; From flood to clear, cramping and peeling. " Because the Yangtze River shipping was already within Hong Men's sphere of influence, Hong Men attacked the grain ship escorted by Anqing Gang and killed many dock officers of Anqing Gang. Later, with the development of maritime traffic, grain was transported to the north by sea, and the canal lost its function. Green gang's economic base has changed, and it has turned to other industries, such as gambling, brothels, restaurants, theaters, troupes, bathhouses, teahouses, restaurants, hotels and so on. Even smuggling drugs and trafficking in people, or working as bodyguards, thugs and assassins for warlords, politicians and capitalists. Anqing gang evolved into a bully and hooligan group, making friends with the government and sharing the spoils.
Second, the activities of the Green Red Gang in Tianjin
Located at the lower end of nine rivers, Tianjin is a transit hub for waterway transportation, with many ships and prosperous business. Shipping is the main occupation of the Qinghong Gang, so the gang forces go hand in hand. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Beiyang warlord government prohibited "hooligans" from fighting, punished a large number of hooligans and bullies, and greatly suppressed gang activities. 1926, after Feng Zhi warlord Chu Yupu invaded Tianjin, green gang molecules ran rampant again. The reason is that Li Dasen, director of the Gendarmerie Supervision Department of Chu Yupu, was originally the leader of green gang, Shandong Province, and belonged to the "big" class (21st generation). After coming to Tianjin, he received many apprentices. Shirley's apprentice Bai Yunsheng opened the door and accepted his apprentice. For example, Yuan's, a bully, came from Bai's family. Since then, green gang's activities in Tianjin have become arrogant.
After the "September 18th Incident", Japanese imperialism attempted to annex North China, rallied green gang elements and other hooligans, organized "plainclothes teams" and created riots in Tianjin. They rushed out of the Japanese concession several times and went to Madong Road, Hutong and Jingang Bridge to harass and put pressure on the Tianjin Municipal Government. One of the most rampant incidents was that when Yu Xuezhong was the chairman of Hebei province, the security forces of Hebei provincial government shot and killed a Japanese police agent Zhang Delu who was engaged in provocative activities. Therefore, the Japanese National Police Agency sent a note to Yu Xuezhong, ordering him to arrest the murderer and compensate the deceased. Subsequently, the Japanese Police Department instigated Yuan, the leader of green gang, to rally his minions, carry Zhang's bloody clothes for the funeral, cross the East Pontoon Bridge along the East Road, and then bypass Xiaoguan Street and cross Xinglong Street to the provincial capital next to Jingang Bridge, shouting the slogan of "losing one's life". Yu Xuezhong's security forces have been ordered to stand by in case of any accident. This group of national scum did not dare to act rashly and returned to the Japanese concession in bloody clothes. After the Japanese army occupied Tianjin in the July 7th Incident, Yuan was more favored by Japanese imperialism. He is a tiger, using green gang to serve the Japanese. With the support of the Japanese secret service, Yuan organized the Tianjin Anqing Moral Society, with Wu Wei, president of the "Jianghuai Four Gang" and "Da" classes (who was succeeded by the salt merchant Wang after Wu's death), Yuan and Zhang Xunzhi as vice presidents, and the "Jiabai Gang" and "Da" classes as consultants. The meeting place of Anqing Yi Dao Society is located in the Golden Dragon King Temple at the mouth of Sancha River. Anqing's moral society became an imperial tool for Japanese rule and oppression of China people. After Japan surrendered, Anqing Moral Society was dissolved. Dai Li, the spy chief of the National Military Region, instructed Chen, the inspector general of garrison headquarters, Tianjin, to control the Green Red Gang, and appointed Jin Yubo to assist (Jin is a Shanghai hooligan). Due to internal intrigue, the factions could not cooperate for many days, so they had to set up two organizations respectively: one was the Loyalty Society (later renamed the Loyalty Puji Society) and the other was the * * * Economic Society. Chen Wei is the chairman of the Society, Zhai and Zhu Youheng are the vice chairmen, Jiang Prajna is the consultant, and Zhou Dachi is the executive director. Loyalty Society has nine branches, most of which are mainly foot docks. * * * The chairman of the club is Zhang Xunzhi, and the participants are complex, including brothels, theaters, bathhouses, restaurant owners, and some local ruffians and hooligans. Both gangs belong to the peripheral organizations of state spies. It was not until after liberation that these organizations were destroyed.
The evil deeds of several green gang leaders
Among the leaders of green gang in Tianjin, there are the so-called "four tyrants in East, West and North China", namely Yuan, Liu Guanghai, Tong Haishan. Other notorious charlatans include Wei (nicknamed "Wei"), Yang Juxiang, the head of Dalian Terminal, Zhai (nicknamed "Zhai Xiazi"), Zhang Fenglou, the head of Liu Zhuang Ferry, Li, the head of hotel industry, Gao Buyun and the head of drama industry. The leader of the Red Gang is Jiang Prajna.
(1) Yuan, traitor and bully
/kloc-in the winter of 0/940, due to work needs, I met Yuan through the introduction of Liu, a special agent of the Japanese concession "Red Hat Yamen" (Japanese gendarmerie) in Tianjin. At that time, Yuan lived in the north entrance of Zhakou Street in Japanese Concession, which was a two-story building with a square yard (later Yuan moved to Hendry Hutong). I have been in contact with him for about seven or eight months, and I have made many friends in green gang at his home. I clearly understand that Yuan is an outlaw who kills people and pillages goods, is immoral and heartless, and is willing to betray the interests of the country for spies. His wings are a group of snobbish, rude and shameless people. Yuan Ba, Yuan's uncle, opened a casino at Lu Zhuangzi Station in the Japanese Concession in his early years. When Yuan was a teenager, he worked as a waiter in Yuan Ba's gambling game, reporting the gambling situation under the guise of selling broken beans and radishes. A little longer, we will thank Bai Yunsheng, the leader of Tianjin green gang. It is the "general" class, with 22 generations, and Yuan is the 23 rd generation of "enlightenment". After Yuan joined the team, Liu Shouyan, the chief detective of the patrol room in the Byzantine concession (commonly known as "white hat yamen"), was michel platini. Yuan He made friends with a gang of hooligans in the club and dawdled around all day. At that time, the Japanese Concession was a place to shelter evil people and practice evil practices, and there were deceptive and deadly industries everywhere, such as gambling, opium dens, prostitutes, bandits, thieves' dens and so on. These terrible caves are under the control of green gang members. There are more and more ways for Yuan and others to get rich, and the gang forces are expanding day by day, gradually forming a hegemony in the Japanese concession. Yuan He won the gambling at the station pier. In 1930s, opium smuggling activities in Tianjin were rampant, most of which were shipped from the northwest. It is said to be smuggling, but it is actually a semi-public activity. At that time, there was a smoking ban bureau in Suiyuan province, which was an organization that bought and sold opium. When transporting Tianjin, soldiers were sent to escort cars. When they go to Tianjin East Railway Station to "borrow money", they have to buy off the gang leaders at the station before they can be transported to the Japanese concession and handed over to the consignee. Otherwise, it will inevitably lead to complications.
1935, green gang shopping incident occurred in the Japanese concession in Tianjin. The story goes like this: Yuan Wen will dominate and try to be brave, and he will make money from all sides. He has a problem with another green gang leader, Liu Guanghai, and both sides want to find opportunities to subdue each other. There is an apartment in the Japanese Concession, which is the "lair" of Yuan Group. One day, Liu Guanghai led several people to the apartment to handle affairs. When he met Yuan's people, there was a misunderstanding and he was furious. In the battle, Liu Guanghai's general Song (nicknamed "Song Baldy") was stabbed by Guo Xiaobo of Yuan Dynasty and died on the spot because of excessive bleeding. Liu Guanghai, outnumbered, sneaked away unexpectedly and escaped. After hearing the news, the Japanese Concession Police Department immediately informed the Tianjin District Court to conduct an autopsy and hunt down the murderer. Liu Guanghai sued Yuan in Tianjin District Court for murder, and Yuan was summoned by the court. Yuan refused to appear in court, but sent his men to appear in court. Liu Guanghai threatened not to give up, and the court arrested Yuan. Through the introduction of michel platini, Yuan took refuge in Dalian. Because Yuan Wen would bribe the court, the case dragged on and on, and finally dropped. During his refuge, Yuan got to know Japanese spy Keizo Obuchi and became very close to him. Yuan further took refuge in Japanese imperialism. Later, Yuan returned to Tianjin, was introduced by Xiao Bantian, got in touch with Miao Chang of the Japanese Gendarmerie, and was appointed as the spy captain of the Japanese Gendarmerie. Kirbinata was also introduced by Yuan to join green gang, where he studied under the Jiazi Gang and Class One, and was able to intervene and control green gang. During the Japanese invasion of China, Yuan used his gang to spare no effort to serve the enemy. In addition, Yuan was ordered by the Japanese army to reorganize the bandit troops and become a brigade commander, directly under the command of the Japanese army. The "Yuan Army" often harassed the rural areas around Tianjin, looting, burning and killing in the name of searching for the Eighth Route Army, and the people hated it. Yuan also committed crimes such as usurping power, smuggling and drug trafficking, human trafficking and trampling on women. Yuan's life is full of evil, and all the bad things are done. 1945 After the Japanese surrendered, Yuan was handed over to the police station by Gao Yupu under the hand of his enemy Liu Guanghai, moved to the detention center of garrison headquarters Supervision Office, and then handed over to the Tianjin District Court. After being sued by Tianjin Anti-rape Committee, the court only sentenced him. Seven years in prison. It was not until Tianjin was liberated and the people seized power that they were sentenced to death and paid their blood debts.
(2) Liu Guanghai who dominated the West.
Liu Guanghai, a native of Xitou, Tianjin, lived in Dajianggang Hutong, Xitou South Street in his early years. He made a living by selling firewood, and later learned from Wang Wende, the leader of green gang, and collected many feathers. He is very powerful in Xitouwanzi area and has become the overlord. Because of the struggle for power and profit, there was a bad blood with Yuan. Finally, in 1935, he performed a fight in an apartment in the world. Song's general was killed by his men, and Liu and Yuan were even more at odds. 1937 After Japan occupied Tianjin, Yuan gained the upper hand and colluded with the Japanese gendarmerie to arrest Liu Guanghai. Liu escaped from prison, ran to Shanghai, took refuge in Hong Kong, and did not return to Tianjin until Japan surrendered. At this point, Yuan has been detained, and Liu gloated and became the leader of Tianjin green gang. 1948, the people established the Senate in Tianjin, and Liu Guanghai gained the status of the Senate with the help of gang forces. The National Assembly is a royal tool, and it is not surprising that a rogue leader becomes a senator. On the eve of Tianjin liberation, Liu Guanghai fled to Hong Kong.
(3) Captain Tong Haishan of Black Flag
Tong Haishan grew up in Guo Zhuangzi, Hedong, Tianjin, and ran amok everywhere since he was a child. He is a disciple of Wang Ruxing, the leader of green gang, and is in Class 24 with the word "Xue". He had a group of subordinates who specialized in stealing railway transportation materials, known as the "Black Flag Team", and was the king outside Hedong Tunnel at that time.
(4) Wang Shihai in Dinggu
Wang Shihai was a native of Tinggu, Tianjin, with patriarchal feudalism as the leader, and Wang Shihai inherited his father's career and ruled the Dinggu and Ditou areas. Wang Shihai and his younger brother Wang Shijiang killed Li Liu, the leader of footwork, and fled to the Japanese Concession to escape under the protection of Japanese and gang forces. After the Japanese occupation of Tientsin, Wang Shihai recognized the thief as his father and became an accomplice of the Japanese invaders to oppress and enslave the people of China. In about 194 1 year, Abe, the head of Japanese secret service in Tianjin Railway Police Department, instructed Wang Shihai to organize a special team to maintain public order along Jingshan, Jinpu and Han Jing railways. This spy organization was named "Yi Xia Team", with Wang Shihai as the captain. The headquarters is located in Jiajiaqiao, Hebei (now Hebei Cultural Center), and it has four brigades, with about 500 people, all of whom are Wang Shihai's apprentices. Along the railway, the "Chivalrous Team" wantonly accused the masses of "adultery with the Eighth Route Army", burning, killing, looting, extortion and committing all kinds of crimes.
(5) The Jianghu monster Wang Datong.
Wang Datong, a native of Lanling Town, Yixian County, Shandong Province, lost his parents at an early age. He was adopted by a foreign female pastor of the local Christian church, and then he was taken abroad to study. In his twenties, he was sent to the Nanyang Islands to preach. I came to Shanghai at the age of 28. Seeing the influence of the gang in Shanghai, he pretended to be green gang, claiming that when he was preaching in Nanyang, he had worshipped Boss Zheng, the owner of Nanyang merchant ship, as a teacher, and said that Zheng was a "Garber Gang" with a class of 20 people, and he was a "big" with a class of 2/kloc-0. At that time, there was no higher class in Shanghai, and Du, Wang and Huang's classes were all smaller than him. Wang Datong is famous for his social skills and political skills in speaking English, French and German. Wang Datong widely accepts disciples. Judging from his 1943 apprentice roster, the number is about 22,000, indicating that he has received more than 20,000 disciples. Zhang Zongchang, He, Chen Juesheng and Feng Sizhi were all his apprentices. Wang Datong is called the "old fox" in green gang because he used various methods to cajole and blackmail information. Wang Datong also set up a fragrance hall in Tianjin London Hotel and his residence in Huayin, Li Nan. This man is a charlatan with strange clothes and a good reputation, but he is good at extortion.
(6) Jiang Prajna, the leader of the Red Gang
Jiang Prajna is the leader of Tianjin Red Gang and a well-known Buddhist scholar. I don't know him very well. I only met him once in a fragrant hall in Zhang Kui. After the Japanese surrender, Chen Feng, inspector general of garrison headquarters, Tianjin, was ordered by Dai Li to rebuild the Green Red Gang in Tianjin. I was the secretary of the supervision office at that time, and I had the opportunity to contact some leaders of the Green Red Gang and met Jiang Prajna in Chen's office. Later I learned that Jiang Prajna and Chen are bosom friends. Jiang is very old among the people. It is said that he once took a photo with Sun Yat-sen and later belonged to Wang Jingwei. Because he has a high reputation in society, he is respected by the people in the gang. After the establishment of Zhong Yi Puji Society, he became a consultant. He also set up a Yude College in Tianjin. Jiang Prajna also set up a fragrant hall in Tianjin and posted many fragrant halls. Most of the people going up the mountain are small intellectuals.