It happened that Chechens are famous for their bravery and good fighting skills. 19th century, after more than 50 years of Caucasus war, Russia conquered Chechnya and incorporated it into Russian territory on 1859. After the October Revolution, the Soviet regime established Chechen Autonomous Prefecture in 1922.
1934, Chechnya merged with its western neighbor Ingushetia Autonomous Prefecture and joined the Soviet Union. 1936 12 changed to Chechen-Ingushetia Autonomous Republic. 1944, Stalin forcibly drove Chechens out of their homes and moved to Siberia on the grounds that Chechens cooperated with German aggressors, which caused great psychological trauma to Chechens. It was not until 1957 that the establishment of the Chechen-Ingushetia Autonomous Republic was resumed.
199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Chechen separatist forces began to seek independence in the face of political turmoil and the central government's disregard for remote areas. In June this year, dudayev, a retired general who was awarded the title of Soviet hero in the Afghan war, became the president of Chechnya. As soon as he took office, he publicly declared Chechnya's independence and established Chechnya's first regular army, the National Guard, with a maximum of 60,000 people.
Seeing that Chechnya has become an independent kingdom that openly opposes the central government, it has become a threat to the Russian Federation. 1994,1In February 1994, Russian soldiers marched into Chechnya in three ways to crusade against unruly separatist forces. At first, the Russian army regarded the Chechen rebels as a rabble and simply ignored them. Grachev, the defense minister, boasted: "Only one airborne battalion can capture Grozny, the capital of Chechnya, in a few days."
But I never imagined that the Russian army would be defeated in Little Chechnya. Russia used 40,000 army, air force, internal affairs forces and special forces, and dispatched hundreds of modern weapons such as tanks, armored vehicles, cannons, planes and missiles for 20 months. Although Chechen armed forces suffered heavy losses and dudayev himself was killed by precision guided missiles, the Russian army paid a heavy price, sacrificing thousands of officers and soldiers, plus more than 20,000 civilians, and finally had to stop fighting for peace and withdraw.
Compared with the defeat on the battlefield, Russia suffered more political and strategic losses after the first Chechen war. After dudayev, on the one hand, Chechen authorities used the peace agreement to constantly ask the federal government for financial assistance and energy, on the other hand, they condoned illegal armed forces to frequently harass neighboring areas, create various terrorist incidents, and colluded with foreign religious extremist forces to intervene, thus slipping further and further on the road of secession.
In order to completely solve the Chechen problem, under the careful planning of Putin, who served as prime minister shortly,1In August 1999, Russia seized the fuse of Chechen rebels invading neighboring Dagestan and launched the second Chechen war.
In the Second Chechen War, Putin fully demonstrated his brave and determined image as a tough guy. After President Yeltsin resigned and appointed him as acting president, the first thing he did was to visit the front line on New Year's Day in 2000. On March 20th, he personally flew the Su -27 fighter over the Chechen war zone. He ordered that wherever there was a rebel, he would be destroyed, and if a gangster was found in the toilet, he would be directly stuffed into the toilet.
Drawing lessons from the defeat of the first Chechen war, the Russian army changed its aggressive and deep-going tactics last time, and adopted the tactics of making progress slowly and step by step, and cooperated with the surprise attack, assault and encirclement of airborne troops and special forces to continuously annihilate and consume the enemy's effective strength. Teams of capable and experienced special operations teams, making full use of the cover of night and dense fog, descended from the sky, emerged from the ground, and infiltrated into the occupied areas of Chechen terrorists in a mysterious way, making great achievements repeatedly. 1999 10 year 10.8, a special unit of the Russian army sneaked into the enemy camp and captured the terrorist leader Hatch Rayev who was wanted for one year.
In terms of operational methods, the Russian army used the experience of the US military in the Kosovo war for reference, made full use of the air superiority and the absolute superiority of high-tech weapons, and dispatched Su -24M bombers, Su -25 attack planes, Mi -24 helicopter gunships and tactical missiles to carry out long-range precision strikes on Chechen rebel bases, radars, television stations, bandit leaders' residences, airports and weapons and ammunition depots. Due to full preparation and proper use of strategy and tactics, the Russian army won a winning streak in Lien Chan, and the rebels suffered heavy casualties, which was difficult to parry. On September 26th, Chechen President maskhadov had to pretend that "Chechen and Russian people don't want another war." Maskhadov called for diplomatic solutions to the problems between Russian cars. Russian leaders have not been fooled. Putin only said that Russia is willing to talk to Chechnya, but only if the Russian president thinks it is necessary to meet and the meeting is in Russia's interest.
June 65438+10/October 65438+In the early morning of August 2000, the Russian general attack on Grozny started! With the cooperation of the police force and Chechen militia, Russian troops attacked the square in the city center from three directions. Chechen rebels rely on minefields, underground fortifications and underground passages between buildings to launch fierce street battles with Russian troops. When attacking the canned food factory, the rebels blocked the windows with bricks, arranged a large number of snipers, fired wildly at the Russian army behind the difficult-to-find shooting holes, jumped up and down the bombed stairs and fought to the death.
After a bloody battle, the Russian army finally laid a cannery and a road bridge, completely cutting off the contact between the rebels on both sides of the river. On February 4th, Russian soldiers planted the Russian tricolor flag in the Presidential Palace in Chechnya. By February 28th, Russian troops had recovered 99% of the land in Chechnya, which basically stabilized the situation in Chechnya.
The General Staff Department of the Russian Army announced that from the beginning of the Second Chechen War to the beginning of February, the Russian army killed about 1 173 dead soldiers and soldiers, and achieved an all-round victory in the war.
However, the remaining Chechen rebels broke up into pieces and fled into the mountainous areas with high mountains and dense forests, and instead launched guerrilla warfare with the Russian army, constantly creating suicide terrorist attacks in various parts of Russia. Russia still needs to make arduous efforts to completely eradicate Chechen rebels and terrorist forces.