From 1947 to 1948, kaunda worked in Tanganyika, Salisbury and Bindura in southern rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and witnessed serious racial discrimination. From 65438 to 0948, he served as welfare officer of Chingola Nchanga Unified Copper Company. 1948—— 1949, accommodation director of Mufulila High School. 1April, 949, returned to Lubova to be a part-time teacher. At the same time, he also served as a translator and consultant on African issues for the enlightened white congressman Gore Brown, and learned the knowledge and political skills of the colonial government. 195 1 resigned as a teacher and joined in political activities.
1950 served as the first secretary of Lubova branch of west asia and africa National Assembly in North Rhodes. 195 1 served as secretary of west asia and africa people's congress district in northern Rhodes and organization minister of northern provincial party Committee. 1953165438+1October1kloc-0/served as general secretary of the people's national assembly of west asia and africa in northern Rhode Island, ranking second only to party chairman Harry N 'cambra. He held this position for five years. 1955, kaunda and N 'cambra were imprisoned for two months on charges of possessing and distributing subversive literature books. Such imprisonment and other forms of harassment are common means used by colonial authorities to deal with African nationalist politicians.
From 65438 to 0957, he visited Britain for six months at the invitation of the British Labor Party to study the British political system, and also visited India for three months at the invitation of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations. There, Mahatma Gandhi's non-violence thought left a deep impression and influence on him. From 6: 438 to 9: 58, he visited Ghana again, called on President nkrumah and attended the All-African People's Congress in Accra.
From 1958 to 1959, the leadership of the National Assembly clashed because of different political views, which led to the split of the party. 1958 10 because its chairman, cambra, accepted the British colonial constitution and inner-party autocracy, kaunda quit the party and led most of party member to set up the Zambian African National Congress, where he served as its chairman.
He skillfully used this organization to carry out the fighting policy, and opposed Britain's plan to form the Central African Federation in three Central African colonies (southern rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland), so that whites could have the highest power. He initiated "positive non-violent action" and took a disobedient attitude towards British federal policy. His movement produced two results: first, the British government revised the federal concept and finally gave it up; Second, imprison kaunda and his comrades-in-arms, thus making him a hero in people's minds. Thus, since 1960, the Zambian independence movement has won the support of the whole people, and kaunda is in a leading position in this movement.
1959 In March, the African National Congress of Zambia was banned by the British colonial authorities. In June of the same year, kaunda was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment, held in Lusaka and Salisbury successively, and exiled to Kabombo County, Northern Province in February of 1959. During his arrest, Mainza Chona, a leading member of Zambian ANC, and other nationalists formed the "United National Independence Party" in June 1959+00, and put forward slogans such as dissolving the Central African Federation, "one person, one vote" for Africans, universal suffrage and demanding independence, which won the support of the broad masses of the people.
1960 65438+1After his release on 8 October, kaunda was elected as the chairman of the Zambian United National Independence Party and wrote the principle of non-violence into party constitution. The party has developed rapidly. By June 1960, it was claimed that there were 300,000 party member. In the same year1February, Britain invited him to London to discuss the ownership of the three colonies with other leaders of the Independent Party. At the meeting, Britain announced that it was about to start the process of decolonization in Zambia, but it failed to start it, which triggered anti-white riots in Zambia. From 65438 to 0962, kaunda was elected as the chairman of the Pan-African Freedom Movement in East, Central and Southern Africa.
1962 the first legislative election of decolonization was held in June of 10. According to the decision of the Constituent Assembly, the European colonists in northern Rhodesia occupied several times more electoral shares than their population, but the United National Independence Party still won 15 of the 37 seats in the parliament. Kaunda was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) and served as the Minister of Local Government and Social Welfare of Northern Rhodesia Coalition Government. On the one hand, his wit can relieve European colonists' worries about a black regime, and on the other hand, it can calm the sectarian sentiment prevalent among most black people in China. With this talent, he made further progress on the constitutional issue.
1963 reached an agreement with Britain to amend the Constitution and establish an autonomous government. Great changes have been made to the British Constitution to allow more blacks to enter Parliament. In the June 1964 election, the United National Independence Party won, and 39-year-old kaunda became the Prime Minister of the autonomous government of Northern Rhodesia, becoming the youngest head of government in the Commonwealth.
1964101On October 24th, Northern Rhodesia officially declared its independence. At the moment of national celebration, Zambia became the 36th independent country in Africa, and kaunda was Zambia's first president, head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He was re-elected in the national elections of 1968, 1973, 1978, 1989 and 1988. 1966, concurrently president of Zambia university.
65438+September 0970-19765438+June 0 and 65438+July 0987-65438+May 0988 served as Chairman of the Organization of African Unity twice. September1970-September 1973 served as Chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement. 1985165438+1October-19911as the chairman of the summit of African frontline countries.