Including periods, question marks and exclamation marks, indicating a big pause after a sentence is finished.

1. period (. )

A period is used at the end of a statement to indicate a pause after the statement ends. For example:

People all over the country, especially teenagers, should seriously study and understand the history of the motherland, especially

History since modern times.

Please close the door. We must go back today.

Four o'clock in the evening. ⑤ Class is over.

No matter the length of the sentence, as long as the structure is complete and the meaning is independent, a period should be used after the sentence. A soothing imperative sentence (such as

Example 2), sentences with emphasis (such as example 3), all with periods. Sometimes words and sentences without subjects (such as Example ④ and Example ⑤) refer to Chen.

You should also use a period when describing your mood.

2. Question mark (? )

The question mark is used at the end of the sentence to express the tone of doubt. For example:

Why did you come back so late today?

Who is he? Where are you from?

When using question marks, you should pay attention to the following points:

(1) rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions are unquestionable questions. The former only asks and doesn't answer, but the clear meaning to be expressed.

-included in the question; The latter asks himself and answers himself in order to attract readers' attention, but both of them are doubtful.

-ask the tone, so use a question mark at the end of the sentence. For example:

When the war was fierce, didn't we walk around the fields looking for weeds?

Who created the human world? It's us working people.

(2) Although multiple-choice questions contain two or more choices, they are still complete.

-Sentence, expressing complete meaning, so only a question mark is used at the end of the sentence, between the items in the sentence.

-Use commas, but sometimes you can consider putting them after each item in order to emphasize the independence of each option.

-Use question marks. For example:

Will you invigilate tomorrow, or shall I invigilate?

6. Stand in front of them and lead them? Or stand behind them and criticize him?

What about the children? Or stand on their opposite side and oppose them?

(3) Some imperative sentences expressing euphemistic mood can also end with question marks. For example:

Would you please move the stool a little? Can you come here for a second?

(4) In some questions, the subject and predicate are reversed, so we should pay attention to putting the question mark at the end of the sentence. For example:

Pet-name ruby what's the matter with you?

(5) Although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc. ), they don't ask questions.

-but to express a declarative tone, so use a period. For example:

I don't know who he will meet at the station.

I'm fine, but I don't know what others think.

3. exclamation point (! )

An exclamation point indicates a strong emotional pause at the end of a sentence.

(1) indicates a pause at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

(1) Once rooted, I am not afraid of being trampled, but I still get up again and again and open a small one.

Bo Gongying of Xiaohua!

(2) singing, to meet this brilliant victory!

(2) The tone is very heavy, and exclamations are also used in imperative sentences.

(3) Sister Xianglin, let go!

(3) A strong rhetorical question followed by an exclamation point.

(4) How can you speak so ugly!

(4) Words with strong tone, non-subject-predicate sentences and exclamatory sentences with strong feelings can all be sighed.

-No. For example:

⑤ Long distance! Six planes! All landowners! You're going the wrong way.

(5) At the back of address forms, response forms and onomatopoeia words, and at the end of slogans, if any.

-Strong feelings, all with exclamation points.

(2) The dots in the sentence

Including commas, semicolons, pauses and colons, indicating pauses and structural relationships in sentences.

1. comma (,)

Indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence.

(1) In complex sentences, commas are often used within clauses or between clauses. For example:

(1) the so-called memories, although can make people happy, sometimes it is inevitable that people will be lonely and refreshed.

There is no point in clinging to the lonely time that has passed, but it is too hard for me to forget all this.

However, this paragraph, which can't be completely forgotten, has now become the source of screaming.

(2) When the subject of the sentence (complex phrase as the subject) is long, or the subject is short but needs to be emphasized, or

-When there are modal particles after the subject, use a comma after the subject. For example:

(2) this huge blow and unspeakable grief, almost knocked Wu Qichang down.

He is our head teacher, Miss Liu.

You are really disappointing.

(3) The sentence predicate is the subject phrase, and sometimes there is a pause after the subject, so a comma is used. For example:

(5) This stereotyped writing has long been opposed by Lu Xun.

(4) When the sentence object is long, use a comma in front of it. In my memory, she is still negative.

-A sensible little girl.

(5) The adverbial begins with a comma after it. For example, in the blink of an eye, there are four peaks on the top of the mountain.

That pile of firewood is ready!

(6) Used between inverted sentence elements. For example:

Come out, you! (verb inversion)

Pet-name ruby around the lotus pond, with many trees, lush. (attributive postposition)

Attending our motherland is leaping forward at a high speed along the road of victory. (adverbial postposition)

(7) Used between coordinate phrases. For example: ⑾ Tongmuling, Huang Yangjie, Zhushachong, Bamian Mountain and

-Shuangmashi, the five outposts of Jinggangshan.

(8) Used after related words. For example:

He hasn't worked very hard, but compared with before, he has made considerable progress.

(9) Some special components in a sentence are generally separated from other components by commas.

Our monitor Lao Li went to Beijing to receive the prize yesterday. (appositive)

[14] What kind of class there is, more precisely, what kind of class there is.

Ideal. (parenthesis)

2. Semicolon (; )

(1) indicates a pause between coordinate clauses in a complex sentence. For example:

(1) Terror has made me unbearable; Gossip, especially when it reaches my ears.

(2) this kind of style, take the law has hurt yourself; If you teach others, you will harm others; Receive guidance.

Revolution will hurt revolution.

(2) Semicolons are sometimes used in multiple complex sentences with non-coordinate relations. For example:

(3) China citizens aged 18, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family, birth,

Religious belief, education level, property status and residence period all have the right to vote and stand for election;

Except those who are deprived of political rights according to law. (turning relationship)

If you change this sentence into a comma, it will be difficult to distinguish between the two meanings. If you change it to a full stop, it will be

Cut off the meaning of coherence, so use semicolons.

Mr. 4 has been telling me, "Let's write a little; Liu Hezhen loved reading her husband's articles before his death. "

(Used in causal sentences to express two meanings)

Some points that should be paid attention to when using semicolons:

(1) Sentence parallelism requires momentum, and commas are generally used instead of semicolons. For example:

(1) Treat comrades as warm as spring, treat work as hot as summer, and treat A.

Humanism should be like the autumn wind sweeping away leaves, and the enemy should be as cruel as winter.

(2) coordinate relative sentences, short clauses with commas instead of semicolons. For example, modesty makes people progress,

-Pride makes people lag behind.

3. Pause (,)

Pause means the smallest pause in a sentence, which is often used between juxtaposed words or phrases, such as:

(1) (on-site director) introduced the skins of wild animals that Dong Kun and his team had beaten: foxes, raccoons, badgers and water.

Otters, wildcats ... there are many kinds.

Use pause should pay attention to:

(1) If there are conjunctions "and" or "or" in the coordinate words, it is unnecessary.

-Use Pause again. (The conjunction of "and" is generally used between coordinate words that only look at two or more items.

-Between the last two terms of coordinate words. )

(2) If there are juxtaposition words in the juxtaposition words, use commas for the large juxtaposition words and juxtapose the small ones.

-Use pauses between words. For example:

(2) The explosion of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, the failure and recovery of satellites, all of which indicate the science and technology of China.

Development has reached a new level.

(3) coordinate as predicate and complement, and use commas instead of pause between coordinate words. For example:

You should make continuous progress, be educated and have production.

The story is true and touching.

(4) Some coordinate words don't pause or pause slightly, so they are not ambiguous. At this time,

-There's no pause. For example:

It doesn't matter

4. Colon (:)

(1) is used after the address at the beginning of letters and speeches to show that it attracts others' attention; use

-after "so-and-so", it means that the following is a reference.

(2) Used after the general statement, it means that it should be explained item by item in the future or caused by the words before the colon.

-The following words: For example:

There are several postures of the spinning wheel: you can sit on a futon, sit on a low stool, or turn the spinning wheel.

Stand on a high mat and spin.

(3) Used at the end of the prompt, indicating that you have something to say, something to think about or something to do.

-Analysis. For example:

(2) I think: Hope is nothing, nothing.

(4) before explaining explanatory words. For example:

(3) ... Marx discovered the development law of human history, that is, a simple fact that history is covered by complex ideology: people must first eat, drink, live and wear. then ...

(5) Used before a general phrase, it indicates a summary of the above contents. For example:

(4) until ten days later, this just know her family and strict mother-in-law; A brother-in-law, a teenager, can get firewood; She lost her husband in the spring; He used to collect firewood for a living, ten years younger than her: everyone knows that.

The revealing function of colon should be played to the end of the sentence, that is, colon should be managed to the end of the sentence, not just to the end of the sentence. If you want to manage several words or a paragraph, you usually use ordinal numbers or quotation marks. For example:

⑤ ... Party discipline must be reiterated: (1) Individuals obey the collective; (2) the minority is subordinate to the majority;

(3) subordinates obey their superiors; (4) The whole Party obeys the Central Committee.

He went on to say, "There has been a heavy rain here recently. Mom has gone to Beijing. Xiaohong was admitted to high school. "

grade

Tags mainly indicate the nature and function of statements, including quotation marks, dashes, brackets, ellipsis, bullets, book titles, hyphens and.

There are nine proper nouns.

1. quotation marks ("""")

(1) means direct quotation. For example, it suddenly reminds people of Du Fu's poem "Qun"

-Going to Jingmen all over the mountains, Mrs. Guang was born in the village where she grew up. "

(2) Highlight key points. For example:

② The contractor has no freedom to "do" or "not to do".

(3) expressing irony and negation. For example:

3 "Do you want it to be immortal?"

Several "kind-hearted" bosses went to the market to collect some leaves and soak them in salt. This is their rare delicacy.

(4) indicates a specific title. For example:

⑤ Chai Lubang is anxious to cook porridge in the cauldron.

⑤ Sometimes used to quote idioms, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings, etc. For example:

⑥ "Like the spring breeze in a bath", well, the exciting spring breeze that makes people laugh!

When using quotation marks, you should pay attention to:

(1) If there is a quotation in the quotation, double quotation marks shall be used for the outer layer and single quotation marks for the inner layer;

-If there are quotation marks inside a single quotation mark, use double quotation marks. For example:

⑦ (An old lady) then explained, "When beans and sweet potatoes are harvested, badgers are very fat. Rou Xiang you run. As the saying goes,' eight pounds of badger meat and seven pounds of oil'. "

(2) If the quotation is an independent sentence with complete meaning, put the period at the end of the sentence in quotation marks. For example:

I remember a poem by Jia Dao in the Tang Dynasty: "But how do I know which corner of the mountain is going through these clouds?" ."

(3) The quotation is incomplete or the quotation becomes a part of one's own words. At this time, the period at the end of the sentence (Q.

Except the exclamation point) is placed outside the back quotation marks. For example, when writing an article, we should "see the strangeness in plain words, the danger in common words, the novelty in old words and the color in plain words".

(4) If the quotation is connected with several paragraphs, the front quotation mark should be added at the beginning of each paragraph until the end.

-Use back quotes at the end of the paragraph.

(5) If you only say what others say and don't quote it as it is, don't use quotation marks.

2. Dash (-)

(1) indicates that a dash is followed by an explanation. For example:

(1) the boss or handyman holding stacks of roster, lazily standing in front of the main entrance exit-just like the place where the train station cut tickets.

(2) indicates the significance of proceeding. For example:

(2) Every year-especially in times of floods and droughts, these workers who have connections in Japanese factories ...

(3) Meaning conversion, jumping or turning. For example:

3 "Sweet dried vegetables-have you heard the wind?" Zhao stood behind the seven catties and said to the seven catties' sister-in-law.

I didn't want to go, but my mother-in-law insisted that I visit him again-what's the point!

(4) It indicates prolongation of speech. For example:

⑤ We affectionately call in front of the square: Zhou-General-Reason-

(5) indicates a big pause or interruption in speech. For example:

Lu Shiping: Relatives?

Zhou Puyuan: Well, we want to repair her grave.

(6) Methods of summarizing the above contents. For example:

7. Make trouble, fail, make trouble again, fail again and perish again-this is the logic of imperialism and all reactionaries in the world in treating the people's cause, and they will never violate this logic.

(7) Used before the subtitle. For example:

End up being executed by fire.

-In memory of Giordano? Bruno

(8) List and share matters. For example:

In the past five years, under the impetus of reform and opening up, China's national economy has been developing continuously and the overall situation is very good.

-China's economic strength continued to increase significantly. ……

-The main proportion of the national economy has been further coordinated, and the macroeconomic benefits have been improved. ……

-The living standards of urban and rural people have been further improved. ……

3. Parentheses (() [])

Parentheses indicate comments in the text. The notes in brackets are broad and have no specific restrictions, so they generally don't need to be read. For example:

(1) Chinese ape-man (full name "Chinese ape-man Beijing species", referred to as "Beijingers") is in China.

Discovery is a great contribution to ancient anthropology.

He cultivated many fragrant flowers and fed and trained many small animals. Later, he took care of a mother tiger in the zoo and fed it with milk spoonfuls a day. )

Comments in brackets should be placed next to the text.

Parentheses are just a part of words in notes or supplementary explanatory sentences, which are called parentheses. If there are punctuation marks in the notes, the last punctuation mark (except the question mark and exclamation mark) should be omitted, for example; Parentheses are used to annotate or supplement the whole sentence, which is called extra-sentence brackets. If there are punctuation marks in the notes, they can still be kept (as in Example 2).

Parentheses and dashes have explanatory functions, but they are used in different ways. When the explanatory text is important, it is a part of the text, which has a great influence on the article and must be read, dash is used; Otherwise, use parentheses.

4. Ellipsis (…)

(1) indicates that the reference or the quoted word is omitted. For example:

At that extraordinary moment, in that memorable place, I heard the song for the first time: In February, the scenery is good and every household is busy with farm work. ……

A very loud and anxious voice came from the receiver: "It's too late, please try air transport at once ... by plane!" "

(2) Omission of repeated words. For example:

(3) Kong Yiji whispered, "Break, fall, fall ..." With a pleading face, don't mention it again.

(3) It means to omit listing similar things and ordinal numbers. For example:

(4) (The director) introduced Dong Kun's wild skins: foxes, raccoons, badgers, otters, wild cats ... there are many kinds.

(4) expressing silence or thinking. For example:

What is 5: No! Aunt Mei's health can't stand the bumps on the road! Ouyang Ping: ...

(5) It means speaking intermittently. For example:

6. Male ... pointing to the direction of due north, "Good, good comrades ... you ... you bring it here ..."

(6) indicates the interruption of language. For example:

⑦ "I'm not rich, I have to sell these and go ..." "Oh, you released the platform, but you still say it's not rich? You have three concubines now; Going out is a big sedan chair, but you can't say that you have money. Fear, nothing can hide from me. "

(7) means that the words are not finished, and the meaning is not finished. For example:

Today he has no time to listen to my reports for so many years. Premier, where can I report to you now? ……

Pet-name ruby but suddenly got a reliable news, said Rou Shi and 22 other people, on the morning of February 7th night 8, was shot dead in Longhua garrison headquarters, ten bullets hit him.

I see! ……

When using ellipsis, you should pay attention to:

(1) ellipsis means "etc" and "etc", so there is no need to use "etc" and "etc-etc" after ellipsis.

(2) the ellipsis occupies the position of two words, one * * * six points. If a large paragraph or several paragraphs of text or verse are omitted, they can be represented by twelve points, which will be in a separate line.

5. Bullets (. )

Bullets indicate words, words and sentences to be emphasized, and the parts with bullets should be emphasized. For example:

6. Title (")

Book titles represent the names of books, chapters, newspapers, plays, songs, etc. For example:

① Middle school students ② Bowen ③ The sound of the waves remains the same.

Attention should be paid to the use of book titles:

(1) If there is a title in the title, use a double title outside and a single title inside.

(2) For example:

(4) Sense of reading "

(2) When the title of the book is used together with the title of the article, write the title of the book first, then the title of the article, add a space symbol in the middle, and then add the title.

For example: ⑤ Xunzi? Persuasive learning

7. Interval number (? )

Also known as interval number or minute number, it is mainly used in abbreviated month and date, book title and article title, poem name (epigraph name) and title, between parts of some ethnic names, and among other words that need to be separated. For example:

1. "One or two? Nine "

2 "Qinyuanchun"? snow

3 "Seven Laws? Long March

4 "Liezi? Tang Wen "

5 Vladimir? Ilych? Lenin

Six wild horses? Mushroom rings? Groundhog? snow lotus

8. Connection number (-)

The function of conjunctions is to connect closely related things into a whole. For example:

(1) China-Japan Friendship Association.

② Han Yu (786-824)

③ "Jinan-Qingdao" luxury train.

④ Human development can be divided into four stages: ape-ape-man-ancient man-new man.

Another form of hyphen is the wavy line (~), which is generally used to connect related numbers to indicate the beginning and end of numbers. For example:

⑤ Usage and dosage: Take 2 tablets orally once, 2 ~ 3 times a day.

9. Proper nouns (-)

Proper names indicate names, places, dynasties, races and so on. For example:

(1) Xiang Yu, name, word feather, at the end of the Qin dynasty.

Proper names are only used in ancient books or some literary and historical works. In order to coordinate with proper names, the titles of such works can be marked with tilde (~).