1. Are we off course (1)
Second, the psychological quality education is urgent (2)
Third, the common psychological problems of middle school students (3)
IV. Survey Data (6)
Verb (verb's abbreviation) Where are the factors that lead to teenagers' psychological problems (7)
Six, pay attention to psychological education for our decompression (9)
Seven. Expectation of "We" (18)
Are we off course?
We 16 years old are also eager for flowers, success, love and respect. However, we can't get any of these because we are poor students. When we do our best, but our grades are still not high, we will be scolded by teachers and parents. No one cares about our inner feelings. When we are exhausted after a hard day's study, we long for home to be a warm harbor, but at the dinner table, parents keep praising how excellent the children next door are. They forget that we are eager for Excellence, and we are more eager for them to find the bright spots in us. In fact, apart from studying, we are not useless! However, when we were complacent in the sports meeting and art festival, thinking that we finally succeeded in "turning over the salted fish", the teachers laughed and said that "the sports meeting is a grand event for poor students" and "the art festival is a festival for poor students". Under various psychological pressures, we are rebellious and indulgent. Therefore, in the eyes of teachers, we are a group of bad students who are undisciplined and enterprising; In the eyes of classmates, we are the black sheep in the class; In the eyes of parents, we are the embodiment of the devil, which is a headache. We also talk about being proud of our parents and burning high incense as long as we don't humiliate our family. What we want to know is, have we deviated from the direction on the road of growth?
There is a question that often bothers me: "Why are there so many young patients? What happened to them? " High school students who attempted suicide; Middle school students who are afraid of the pen tip; Grade three students who dare not look at people; High school students who are afraid of death; A detained senior one boy; Middle school students who attempt suicide; High flyers, a university with insufficient ability; A college graduate who can't communicate with others and can't work. ...
Psychological quality education is urgent.
With the comprehensive promotion of quality education, more and more middle schools have turned "implementing quality education" from empty slogan into practical action, which has effectively strengthened the cultivation of students' moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and labor qualities and improved their creative ability to some extent. While cheering for this change, we should also be soberly aware that in the process of implementing quality education, people often talk about and implement quality education of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, and people attach great importance to these qualities, while psychological quality education is often ignored, as if psychological quality cannot be compared with other qualities. Some educators think that psychological quality education has nothing to do with the overall situation. The key is to cultivate students' moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and labor qualities, even just intellectual qualities. However, with the gradual deepening of educational reform, the importance of students' psychological quality is becoming more and more obvious, and it is urgent to strengthen the psychological quality education of middle school students.
The common psychological problems of middle school students are as follows: 1. Learning brings great psychological pressure. 2. Paranoia and hostility. I feel that others are untrustworthy, self-righteous and stubborn. 3. interpersonal relationships are tense. I always feel that others are not friendly to me. 4. Depression. It shows that there is no hope for study, future and future, and the spirit is sluggish. 5. Anxiety. 6. Poor adaptability. Do not adapt to the new environment and life, are not used to teachers' teaching methods, or do not like school activities. 7. Emotional ups and downs are extremely unstable. 8. Psychological imbalance. When others are better than themselves or get higher honors than themselves, they always feel wronged. Among them, learning pressure is the most serious psychological problem of middle school students.
Common psychological problems of middle school students
First, psychological state of loneliness and depression
A few students are depressed, taciturn, upset, mentally retarded, struggling with their studies, and their academic performance has been hovering in the middle and lower reaches. They are at a loss, have no confidence in the future, are worried, have poor interpersonal relationships and don't want to talk to others. Through investigation, we find that this psychological state is caused by various subjective and objective factors. Among them, family changes and improper education are the most typical cases, for which we must make psychological correction. Teachers should take the initiative to talk to these students, mobilize their participation through theme class meetings and group activities, tell him that this environment is not caused by their own mistakes, but the result of family and teachers' wrong treatment, educate them to face setbacks, overcome negative emotions and overcome their inferiority complex, so as to devote themselves to normal study life.
Second, the psychological state of confrontation and escape
In management, it is often found that a very small number of students feel hurt in spirit or inferiority because their parents or teachers are too strict with them for a long time, and become agitated, depressed and manic emotionally, and often have fierce conflicts with their parents and teachers, even hurting people; Another situation is escape, such as running away from home. This psychological state is mainly caused by improper educational methods. This is a way of education that requires parents and teachers to thoroughly reflect, adhere to positive education, be persuasive and emotional, pay attention to peacetime education, and don't take drastic action when the problem develops to a serious degree. At the same time, we should strictly demand ourselves according to the daily behavior norms of middle school students, correctly understand the teachers' good intentions, and make them know themselves and others correctly, so as not to take extreme actions.
Third, the psychological state of fear.
The formation of this psychological state is mainly caused by nervous study pressure, social pressure, family pressure and old age pressure. Yin is a girl in Grade Two, and her academic performance is good. Parents and schools have high expectations of her, and she also hopes to get good grades in the college entrance examination. Therefore, she studies very hard. Usually, apart from studying or studying, she seldom has other activities, and she doesn't communicate with her classmates, for fear that her academic performance will drop. Due to excessive pressure, her grades have declined. She feels hopeless in the future, thinking all day and being highly nervous. She often feels that someone is going to kill her. She is afraid and uneasy. After examination by the hospital, she was mildly schizophrenic. There are many similar examples among high school students, which provides an important and only way out for educators. Socialist modernization needs all kinds of talents to help them establish a scientific world outlook and outlook on life. Schools should strengthen the implementation of quality education, effectively reduce students' excessive academic burden and improve students' quality in all aspects.
Fourth, the psychological state of jealousy.
The popular saying of jealousy is the so-called "pink eye", which is quite common among middle school students, especially among female students. When some students are praised by teachers and respected by their classmates because of their good performance and good grades, a few students will be jealous. For example, we try our best to belittle the advantages and strengths of others, try our best to obliterate their achievements, try our best to calculate their obedience, and even confuse and discredit others' thoughts by collecting their "privacy". They always want to be better than others, and when they are not as good as others, they often become hostile because of jealousy. When they think they are not liked, appreciated or respected, they will get angry and so on. Jealousy greatly interferes with the normal study and life of middle school students. Therefore, we must make people with this mental state realize that the future is bright, the road is tortuous, and their destiny can only be controlled by themselves, so as to help them establish a positive outlook on life and resolutely overcome their bad mentality.
data
The survey shows that only 4% of them are in good mental health, 16% are in the basic normal range, 58% are below the normal level, and 22% have serious psychological troubles. Among many factors that cause psychological problems, family environment and parents' educational methods have the greatest influence on middle school students' mental health. Among the psychological problems of middle school students, emotion ranks first, accounting for 62.32%, which is mainly manifested in moodiness, impulsiveness, excessive anxiety, nervousness, impatience, love and disputes with others. Interpersonal communication followed closely, accounting for 53.37%, showing psychological atresia, uncoordinated relationship with parents, tense relationship, deliberate distance from classmates and tense interpersonal relationship. Learning accounted for 32.53%, mainly manifested as learning disabilities, many of which originated from psychological trauma in the early days of school. The "fear of books" and "fear of learning" caused by difficulties in learning adaptation are finally manifested in symptoms such as decreased memory effect, slow thinking, exam anxiety and weariness of learning.
Where are the factors that lead to the psychological problems of teenagers?
Examination-oriented education has increased students' mental stress. This is one of the most important direct causes of psychological problems of middle school students in China. Due to heavy schoolwork tasks, fierce competition and high expectations of parents, students' mental pressure is increasing. One student, after entering high school, found it difficult to adapt to the changes of learning environment, teachers' teaching methods and competitors, which led to a rapid decline in her academic performance, from the top of junior high school to the bottom 100. Another boy also said that he usually gets good grades and can sometimes guide his classmates, but he always starts to get nervous when the exam is approaching, fearing that he will not do well in the exam. The closer to the exam, the more he will feel headache or even fever, or be forced to interrupt the exam, or get poor grades, and then he will be afraid when he hears the word "exam".
There are also some middle school students who are tired of learning. At present, among middle school students, not only students with poor academic performance are unwilling to study, but also students with good academic performance have this tendency. A student from a key school said: "Whenever I see or hear someone cheating in an exam, but the results are good, my heart is very unbalanced. I feel that it is better to study hard and be opportunistic. The prestige of students who study well is not necessarily high, while those with average grades are very popular and often favored. " It is worth noting that there are not a few students with this idea.
Why do these naive middle school students have excessive self-discipline, depressed inner impulses, and even sudden injuries or self-harm and other adverse reactions? This has a lot to do with their living environment. The disharmonious living environment will leave indelible scars on children's minds and cause psychological problems. When external demands are too strong and harsh external behaviors are taken as the standard, anxiety and pressure will force teenagers to have compulsive behaviors to relieve anxiety. Social and political life events also have more or less influence on children's minds, that is, the gap between the rich and the poor and the corruption of some officials will leave different shadows in children's minds, thus affecting the healthy development of psychology, which is a subtle process. Their inner impulse, depression, sudden injury, self-harm and other negative emotions and behaviors are all related to the anxiety formed in infancy. If children's sense of attachment and concern is not satisfied, they will become suspicious and distrustful, including distrust of themselves.
Pay attention to psychological education and decompress us.
There are many cases of middle school students fleeing, committing suicide or hurting people because of study pressure and family discord, but few parents think this is a psychological problem and they don't know what to do. If every parent pays attention to our mental health, understands this knowledge and strives to cultivate guidance, this problem will not be a problem. It can be seen that the bad behavior of parents brings not only disgust and contempt to children, but also deeper inner trauma.
To alleviate this kind of pressure of middle school students, we should first pay enough attention to the mental health education of middle school students. Take mental health education of middle school students as a special course in current middle school education; Teachers and educators should regard students' mental health as an important part of all-round development education, and fully understand the important role of cultivating sound personality, good mood and adaptability in students' learning activities and mastering knowledge and skills; Distinguish the increasing psychological obstacles of middle school students from the ideological and moral qualities of students, and adopt psychological methods and skills to solve the increasing psychological problems of students.
As parents, we should pay enough attention to these children and give us enough free space and family democratic rights. Parents should not only attach importance to the development of children's autonomy, but also cultivate children to abide by discipline and rules and actively encourage us to exchange opinions on an equal footing. Instead of imposing your own opinions and codes of conduct on children. If you must exercise parental authority, you should also explain why you must do so. This is very important for teenagers.
Modern medicine has increasingly proved that having a healthy psychology is of great significance to a person's life. Teenagers are prone to mental illness and are also pregnant with unhealthy behaviors. Because of the instability of middle school students' psychological activities; Incomplete cognitive structure; Physical maturity and psychological maturity are not synchronized; Their high dependence on society and family makes them more anxious and encounter more setbacks than adults, so they are more prone to psychological obstacles. If temporary psychological obstacles are not eliminated in time, they will have adverse reactions, which may affect the healthy development of psychology in the future and even lead to mental diseases that are difficult to save in the future. Therefore, many psychologists believe that the middle school stage is a hotbed of psychological abnormalities.
As middle school students, we should strive to grow into individuals independent of our parents; Really look at your relationship with your parents; Face up to the reality of childhood; Dare to admit the relationship between what happened in childhood and adult life; Summon up your courage and reveal your true feelings to your parents; Change your behavior and find enough strength to help you heal the weak self in your heart; Regain the strength and confidence of growth.
Parents should learn to apologize. When you apologize to us, you are teaching us to trust our insight. If you constantly criticize us and insult us physically, emotionally or temperamentally, we will form a negative view of the nature of life and the world.
Parents should let us know that anyone can make mistakes, and so can parents. Everyone is responsible for his own mistakes. We have hope because of your action. Every parent contains magical power to change our destiny. When you release yourself from guilt, remorse and anger, you also save us. When you stop the bondage of the old family model, you are giving yourself, your children, their children and your grandchildren a generous gift.
I. Reasons for implementation
Middle school students nowadays are basically only children. They have been taken care of by their parents and grandparents since childhood, and they are "little emperors" and "little suns" at home. With the continuous improvement of living standards, their living conditions have become more and more superior. Basically, they live in a comfortable environment, with clothes stretched out and food stretched out. If they follow the path arranged by their grandparents, they will have fewer and fewer opportunities to encounter setbacks and experience. Once their boat encounters a little wind and waves in their life, or their test scores are poor, or their relationship with classmates is not harmonious, or they are criticized by teachers, and so on. , will have a great impact on their psychology. It is not news that middle school students and even college students run away from home or even commit suicide because of setbacks. The occurrence of these events has a lot to do with their poor psychological quality. The occurrence of these events also reminds us that strengthening the psychological quality education of middle school students can not be ignored. This is one of the reasons.
Secondly, in real life, many students have different degrees of abnormal mentality, such as inferiority, timidity, selfishness, vanity, loneliness, jealousy, willfulness, arrogance, depression, emptiness and so on. In study and life, they are sensitive, anxious, guessing at random, fidgety, tired of learning, lacking in self-confidence, afraid of exams, unable to stand setbacks and failures, and even take it out on others, with poor interpersonal relationships. However, in the current middle schools, there are few students who insist on psychological quality education for a long time. Although some schools have places such as psychological counseling rooms, they are only necessary and cannot really play a practical role. Even if some schools can properly educate students, it is only after students have problems that they are given some guidance, and the effect is unknown. Why not give students the necessary education in advance, so that they can correct their mentality, face the ups and downs that may be encountered in life with a normal heart, and wait until problems arise to make up for them?
Thirdly, the psychological quality education of middle school students is also an inevitable requirement for the full implementation of quality education. Psychological quality education is the basic content of quality education. Healthy psychological quality is an important condition for teenagers to study, live and make contributions, and the formation of healthy psychology needs careful and thoughtful training and education. All aspects of quality education are interrelated, interpenetrating and promoting each other as a whole. Quality education must include psychological quality education, otherwise it will not be a comprehensive quality education.
Second, the implementation principle
Psychological quality education should not only pay attention to the cultivation of students' intelligence factors, but also pay attention to the cultivation of non-intelligence factors such as emotion and will, so that students can have positive emotions, happy emotions, strong will, and be full of confidence and optimism about life; At the same time, it is necessary to prevent students' psychological problems, be good at solving students' psychological diseases, cultivate students' ability to withstand setbacks and adapt to the environment, and ensure students' mental health. According to the World Health Organization's interpretation of the word "health", mental health can be summarized as a healthy state of knowledge, emotion, will and behavior, that is, normal intellectual development, stable and optimistic mood, noble emotion, strong will, good personality and harmonious interpersonal relationship. Therefore, in the implementation of psychological quality education, we should adhere to the following principles:
(1) scientific principles. Quality education is human education, and psychological quality education must adhere to scientific educational contents, methods and means, and be implemented in a targeted manner according to the characteristics of middle school students' psychological development and the laws of physical and mental development. When carrying out psychological quality education, we should be highly responsible for students' future, have convincing scientific basis, have cordial and sincere teaching attitude and have lively teaching forms. At the same time, I can answer all kinds of questions raised by students patiently and correctly, and abandon self-righteous and subjective and arbitrary practices. We should always remind ourselves that psychological quality education is related to students' life, and there is no room for falsehood.
(2) service principle. The implementation of psychological quality education is to cultivate students' good psychological quality and lay a good psychological foundation for their future adulthood and success. Therefore, in the implementation of quality education, we must adhere to the principle of serving students' physical and mental health development wholeheartedly. As a psychologist said: "Psychological quality education is not preaching, but participation; Not interrogation, but understanding; Not criticism, but persuasion; Not affectation, but sincerity; Not answering, but understanding; Not solving problems, but assisting growth; It is not a superficial surrender, but an inner change. " This passage clearly explains the purpose and working principle of psychological quality education.
(3) the principle of difference. Due to different factors such as life experience and psychological pressure, each student's psychological quality is also varied. Therefore, in the fair and just collective education for all students, we should also implement differentiated education according to each student's different psychological qualities and adopt different educational methods for students with different psychological qualities. According to the psychological problems of individual students, individual heart-to-heart talks and individual counseling are conducted. In particular, we should attach great importance to a few students with psychological barriers, find out the root of the problem in time, and carry out counseling education to ensure that every student can always maintain a good psychological state and smile at the ups and downs on the road.
Third, methods and strategies.
For a long time, some educators often confuse political thought with psychological quality and treat students' psychological problems as ideological problems, moral problems, discipline problems and style problems, which leads to the failure of education and sometimes damages students' physical and mental health. Therefore, in order to improve students' psychological quality, we must understand students psychologically. For example, middle school students' self-awareness is constantly increasing and they begin to form independent evaluation ability, but they can't get rid of innocence and are easily influenced by the outside world. Because independence and childish blindness are intertwined, many psychological contradictions and obstacles have arisen. Therefore, teachers must master the specific psychological characteristics of students, strengthen psychological education and counseling, and often study various psychological problems among students.
(A) to carry out mental health education
Mental health education aims at people's mental health, and maintains and develops teenagers' healthy psychology through scientific methods to prevent psychological imbalance, eliminate psychological pollution and enhance psychological endurance.
In mental health education, we can start from the following aspects: ① Create a good psychological and social environment. A good psychological environment can alleviate or eliminate all negative emotions such as tension, anxiety, melancholy, fragility, emotional instability and loneliness. Teachers should try their best to reduce students' psychological burden, help students eliminate the influence of various negative factors caused by family and social factors, and let students study and live in a good psychological environment. ② Pay attention to the education of developing individuality. Personality here refers to the development of students' personality characteristics on the basis of the same ideal and the display of students' unique intelligence. Middle school education should guide students' personality to develop in a direction beneficial to themselves and the group, which is the core content of personality education.
③ Enrich students' spiritual life. Schools should try their best to create conditions for students to participate in various activities such as study, entertainment, sports, science and technology, tourism, and visits, broaden their horizons, increase their knowledge, and cheer up their spirits, thus promoting their growth and development.
④ Strengthen psychological training. The purpose of strengthening psychological training is to enhance psychological adaptability. The strength of psychological adaptability is often evident in some important and critical occasions. For example, in major competitions and entrance examinations, some students with poor psychological adaptability will have stage fright. Psychological training must first determine the general goal and implementation plan of education and training. The key to the success of psychological education and training is that the content and methods should be suitable for students' psychological development level, stimulate students' self-requirements, and make them consciously carry out effective psychological training for their psychological defects.
(2) Infiltrate psychological quality education into other quality education.
Quality education contains many contents, which never exist in isolation, but are interrelated, infiltrated and promoted as a whole. In the process of implementing psychological quality education, students' quality should be regarded as a whole, and psychological quality should be linked with other qualities and infiltrated into it. While carrying out other aspects of quality education, we should consciously carry out psychological quality education for students. In the subject teaching, the work of class teachers and other educational activities in schools, we should attach importance to the education of students' psychological quality, and effectively infiltrate psychological quality education into all aspects of school education.
(C) purposefully and planned frustration training for students to improve their psychological endurance.
In the study and life, the school should carry out some activities that can exercise students' will and improve their frustration tolerance step by step, guide students to face difficulties with a positive attitude, face them squarely, find ways to overcome them and solve problems, and cultivate students' healthy and upward psychology. 1999 summer vacation, a summer camp named "Learn to survive" was held in Beijing. The activities mainly include field trips, picnics, helping peers to cross obstacles, and crossing obstacles synchronously (the left and right feet are fixed on two boards to walk together). Through these activities, not only the campers' ability to face and overcome difficulties was effectively exercised, but also their consciousness of unity, cooperation and mutual assistance was improved. Activities like this, if properly carried out in a planned way, are of great help to cultivate students' psychological quality.
(D) active counseling to overcome students' psychological barriers.
Psychological consultation is an educational process, which helps students to dispel all kinds of emotions, eliminate inner contradictions, restore psychological balance, form a positive attitude and gradually adapt to their environment. At the same time, we should also prevent and control the emergence and development of various abnormal mentality. Due to the differences in life experience, psychological pressure and other factors, each student's psychological quality is also different. While carrying out psychological quality education for all students in general, we should pay close attention to individual students with poor psychological quality, not only give these students more care and love, but also often talk with these students to solve their doubts and gradually improve their psychological quality; At the same time, we should always pay attention to their psychological and ideological trends through various channels. Once psychological problems or obstacles are found, we should know the causes of the problems or obstacles in time, and give serious, patient and scientific psychological counseling, so that students' mentality can return to normal in the shortest time and devote themselves to study and life in the best state.
Psychological quality is very important for students' growth. Good psychological quality is the psychological foundation of adults and adults. Middle school students' psychological quality education helps students to maintain positive learning enthusiasm and promote the cultivation of other qualities.
The expectation of "us"
Today in the new century, we are not what you were in the 1970s and 1980s. We think more, consider more, be relative, be more rational and be more mature. And more irrational and immature. Although we will give adults a headache because of too many problems, isn't it a sign of social progress to think from another angle? Then, please take pains to strengthen psychological quality education! Let's meet the ups and downs in the journey of life with good psychological quality and laugh at life until the end!