Modern China (A.D. 1840- 1949) The modern history of China began at 1840 and ended at 1949. 1840 the opium war to 19 19 the eve of the may 4th movement was the stage of the old democratic revolution. From the May 4th Movement in 19 19 to the eve of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, it was the stage of the new democratic revolution. The whole modern history of China is the history of China becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The modern history of China began with the outbreak of the Opium War between China and Britain in 1840 and ended with the collapse of the Nanking Kuomintang regime in 1949. It experienced the late Qing Dynasty, the provisional government of the Republic of China, the northern warlords and the national government, and it was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China that gradually formed and collapsed. /kloc-In the middle of the 9th century, Britain, France and other western powers successively launched wars of aggression against China, and China's sovereign independence and territorial integrity were constantly undermined, and the contradiction between western powers and the Chinese nation intensified. After the 1970s, the invasion of China by foreign powers intensified, and the crisis of the Chinese nation became more and more serious. Before the Opium War, China was an independent feudal country. However, due to the decay of the feudal landlord regime in the Qing Dynasty, the feudal system was in jeopardy. Because Lin Zexu destroyed opium in Humen, Britain took the opportunity to invade China, but its essence was to open the China market and sell opium. 1948+0842, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-British treaty of nanking, and China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. After the Opium War, western capitalist powers exported a lot of goods and capital to China through unequal treaties, which gradually impacted the feudal economy of China. 185 1 year, Hong Xiuquan called on the peasants to declare an uprising in Jintian and establish the title of "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom". /kloc-in the spring of 0/853, the Taiping Army occupied Nanjing, renamed Nanjing Tianjing and made its capital, and formally established the peasant regime to fight against the Qing Dynasty. 1856, Taiping army destroyed Jiangnan camp and lifted the siege of Tianjing. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom reached its military heyday. 1In the summer of 864, Hong Xiuquan died of illness. Soon, Tianjing fell and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement failed. 1856, Britain proposed to amend the Sino-British treaty of nanking, which was rejected by the Qing government. Britain took this opportunity to provoke the Second Opium War. This time the British and French Coalition forces sent troops to invade China, and the United States and Russia were accomplices. Although the Second Opium War had nothing to do with opium, its essence was the same as the Opium War, so it was called the Second Opium War. 1860, the British and French allied forces captured Tianjin again, burning and killing all the way. Subsequently, the British and French allied forces looted and burned the world-famous imperial garden Yuanmingyuan in the western suburbs of Beijing and occupied Beijing. And forced the Qing government to sign the Beijing Treaty. 19 From the 1960s to the 1990s, the Westernization Movement was headed by Yixin. With the development of military affairs, civil affairs and education in China, the bourgeoisie in China came into being and developed. 1883- 1885, the Sino-French War and the signing of the Sino-French New Testament marked the opening of southwest China. From 65438 to 0894, China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War. From 65438 to 0895, the signing of treaty of shimonoseki greatly deepened the semi-colonization of China society. 1900, imperialist countries launched Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China in order to suppress the Boxer Rebellion and safeguard their interests in China. 190 1 year, the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty" marked the formation of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China. 19 1 1 The bourgeois-democratic revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen was the first anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois-democratic revolution in the history of China, which overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the imperial system that lasted for more than 2,000 years in China and established a bourgeois-democratic republic. It makes the concept of democracy and harmony deeply rooted in people's hearts and gives a painful blow to imperialist colonial rule. In order to resist the invasion of foreign powers and strive for national independence, the people of China have waged a heroic struggle and started the exploration of saving the nation from extinction. The Westernization Movement aimed at "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth" objectively stimulated the emergence and development of capitalism in China. In order to save the nation from peril and develop capitalism, the bourgeois reformists carried out the reform movement. The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the autocratic monarchy system in China for more than 2,000 years, and started the modern national democratic revolution in a complete sense. The New Culture Movement impacted the feudal ideological and moral culture and opened the floodgate of ideological emancipation. China is constantly undergoing economic, political, ideological and cultural changes in the environment of being bullied by foreign powers and forced to open up. China's modernization started with difficulty, and its social structure gradually transformed from traditional society to modern society. 19 19 In May, the May 4th student patriotic movement broke out and developed into a nationwide mass patriotic movement with the working class as the main force in early June. The May 4th Movement was the beginning of China's new democracy. In this movement, the China proletariat began to enter the political arena. 192 1 year, Dong, Chen Tanqiu, He Shuheng, Wang Enpei, Li Da held the first national congress in Shanghai, and the producer party of China was born. 19 19 The May 4th patriotic movement broke out, marking the end of the old democratic revolution led by the bourgeoisie and the beginning of the new democratic revolution led by the proletariat. 192 1 year, the China * * * production party was founded, and the face of the China revolution took on a new look. The first ethnic cooperation promoted the climax of the national revolutionary movement. After the collapse of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the * * * production party launched an armed revolution of workers and peasants in order to resist the rule of the Kuomintang, and began a difficult exploration of the revolutionary road in China.