Although Liu Bei was an aristocratic family in the Han Dynasty, he was an out-and-out aristocrat. Although he was an official for three generations like Cao Cao, the first two generations were small officials in remote Zhuo County. They don't talk to each other and don't even save money for their families. Besides, Liu Bei lost his father when he was a child, so in his generation, his family could only make a living by making mats and selling shoes. Although life is not rich, Liu Bei's mother believes that education can change her fate, so she scrimped and saved, and finally sent her to Lu Zhi. Liu Bei/Kloc-was a famous teacher when he was 0/5 years old.
Liu Bei got this opportunity to study, so it is natural that he should study hard. However, according to historical records, "our ancestors did not like reading, but they loved dogs, horses, music and beautiful clothes" and "made good friends with heroes and fought for them when they were young." However, this is an incredible thing. At this time, Liu Bei seems to have shown some subtle charm. At that time, his classmate Liu Deran lived with him, and his father Liu supported Liu Bei for a long time, with the same standards as his son. It seems that Liu Yuan is not very rich, or Liu's wife is very stingy, but Liu Bei's academic performance is disappointing. Finally, one day, Liu's wife couldn't help complaining, thinking that although everyone was surnamed Liu, she only helped occasionally. How can they support them regularly? Liu said, "I have this son in my family. I am very human. "
In the meantime, Gongsun Zan, who likes to ride a white horse and make good use of spears, went through customs in the future, and was a classmate with Liu Bei. He seems to see the excellent qualities in Liu Bei, so he made special friends with Liu Bei, who is younger than himself. Moreover, even Zhang Shiping, Su Shuang and other "expensive" Zhongshan horse merchants were fickle and rich, which became the first start-up capital for Liu Bei's future rise.
All these show the uniqueness of Liu Bei. What is the difference? There seem to be two special places in the history books. One is that he looks strange. "He is seven feet five inches long. He lowered his knees and saw his ears. " This was very important in the late Han Dynasty, when physiognomy was emphasized. Secondly, Liu Bei, recorded in history, "rarely speaks, treats people kindly and behaves very maturely." .
Because of the yellow turban insurrectionary, Liu Bei got his first chance in life. With the support of Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang, he established his own private armed forces, followed Zou Jing, a captain, defeated the yellow turban insurrectionary thief and became an Anxi Wei.
From the perspective of the son of the Weaver Girl, Liu Bei became a county magistrate, which fundamentally changed his social status and future. However, just like doing nothing in front of Lu Zhi's house in his early years, Liu Bei seemed to look down on this Anxi Wei, so when his boss Du You's "business trip to the county" was not approved, Liu Bei forced him to tie it to a tree, beat 200 people at a time, and then tied his seal.
Liu Beichu got ahead in officialdom and also killed people in officialdom. It is unusual for him to dare to hit the boss. However, Liu Bei is very lucky. At this point, the central government is undercurrent. General He Mou took over as eunuch. On the one hand, he transferred troops to Beijing; On the other hand, he sent his cronies to the local area to recruit separately. One of them, Qiu Yi III, was ordered to recruit soldiers in Danyang, and Liu Bei defected to him. When passing through Xiapi, he was attacked by thieves, and Liu Bei became Xiapi City because of his "meritorious military service".
But before long, Liu Bei left again.
At this time, Liu Bei is almost thirty years old, but he still behaves like a young man. This is an incredible thing for Liu Bei and a lovely thing for him. Unfortunately, the author of The Romance of Three Kingdoms later flogged Du You in the name of Zhang Fei in order to highlight Liu Bei's elder demeanor, and even concealed many events in Liu Bei's early years. So today's readers think that Liu Bei is a silly second brother with big ears and long arms. He seldom cries or talks.
But at that time, perhaps it was this personality that persuaded Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to follow Liu Bei's journey from north to south.
However, Liu Bei still has many shortcomings at this time. If Liu Bei visits my humble abode at this time, no matter how sincere he is, I am afraid it will be difficult to convince Kong Ming. Liu Bei, who competed for the fifth place, was as impressed as Guan and Zhang, who competed for the third place. This is the change of people, which is what Li Taibai said: "The Great Sage and the Great Tiger became stupid. At that time, they seemed to be ordinary people. " So, what contributed to the transformation of Liu Bei's tiger?
For a time, Liu Bei was lucky. Xuande left Xia Mi Cheng's post and soon became a high school student. Soon he was promoted to Gao Tangling, and then left Gao Tang to follow Gongsun Zan. Under the surveillance of Gongsun Zan, Liu Bei became another Sima Yi, and was ordered to unite Qingzhou secretariat Tian Ji to stop the attack of Yuan Shao, a priest in Jizhou. Because of his "repeated exploits" in this War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Liu Bei once again became the commander-in-chief of the plain, and soon became the plain phase.
When he was in charge of the plain, Cao Cao made an expedition to Xuzhou, and Tao Qian asked for help everywhere. Liu Bei and his superior Qingzhou secretariat Tian Ji sent someone to save him. However, Liu Bei was particularly appreciated by Tao Qian and was appointed to command an army of 4,000 people as soon as they met. After Cao Cao's withdrawal, Tao Qian made Liu Bei a vassal of Xuzhou. Soon, Tao Qian passed away. On his deathbed, Tao Qian decided to give Xuzhou to Liu Bei. This decision was supported by grassroots officials and local families in Xuzhou. In this way, Liu Bei suddenly got lucky and suddenly owned a country.
However, Liu Bei's good luck has aroused the envy and covet of many warlords. Cao Cao in the north and Yuan Shu in the south once became direct rivals. Liu Bei was forced to fight on two fronts.
At this time, Lu Bu was defeated by Cao Cao and was down and out. Although Liu Bei knew that Lu Bu was willful, he still took Lu Bu in to cope with the situation of second-line operations. /kloc-in 0/95, Lu Bu fought with Liu Bei and Yuan Shu and suddenly attacked Li Xia. At that time, Zhang Fei's bad behavior in Xiapi led Liu Bei's own army to fight against Tao Qian's former general, which made Lu Bu win easily, not only occupying Xuzhou, but also "taking away his first wife". Since then, out of consideration for reality, Lu Bu took Liu Bei in and sent him to station troops to make himself a foreign vassal again, and Liu Bei's family was put back. However, this cooperation did not last long. In the second year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei's power grew too fast, causing Lu Bu's fear, and the two sides finally broke out. In the third year of Jian 'an, Lu Bu defeated Liu Bei again and recovered his wife. Liu Bei had nowhere to escape and went to Cao Cao, who attacked and destroyed Lu Bu. The following winter, Liu Bei attacked Xuzhou and raised a flag to ask Cao for books. Jian 'an was captured by Cao Cao five years ago. Damn it, "call the generals, grab their wives and send them back to Guan Gong." Liu Bei had nothing and turned to Yuan Shao.
Young Liu Bei can't tolerate Adu, while middle-aged Liu Bei can wait for opportunities again and again among Lu Bu, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao. The real Liu Bei has a strong personality, which has not disappeared, but deepened. Because the deeper you dive, the longer your endurance.
In the fourth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei raised a flag in Xuzhou to crusade against Cao, but survived in Changbanpo, which can be described as repeated battles and defeats. However, Liu Bei never gave in. No matter how hard Cao Cao tried, he didn't destroy Liu Bei or even his core team. On the contrary, Liu Bei's reputation has been constantly improved through constant fighting and failure. When Yuan Shao decided to fight Cao Cao, Liu Bei first consulted with Cao Cao in Chen Lin. When Liu Bei was down and out, Yuan Tan, the eldest son of Qingzhou secretariat of Yuan Shao, "rode to see my ancestors". After arriving in the plain, Yuan Shao "sent people to meet the enemy" and went out of the city to meet the enemy in the suburbs 200 miles away. They value Liu Bei's political prestige and appeal.
Of course, this kind of political prestige and appeal first comes from Liu Bei's style of being close to the people, and secondly from Liu Beixing's political call to restore the Han Dynasty.
As far as the first point is concerned, as early as the plain period, Liu Bei was in an environment where "food is the sky for the people and money is the sky for food". "Foreign enemies are hard to fight, and domestic money is hard to give. The people below him must sit at the same table and eat at the same time. There is no choice. " "How much money. As for the second point, the so-called revival of the Han Dynasty is probably Zhuge Liang's political ideal. As for Liu Bei's repeated resistance to Cao Cao, it seems that it is still a matter of personality.
When Liu Bei defected to Cao Cao in Jian 'an three years ago, Cao Cao treated him with great courtesy, but there was often a crisis behind this courtesy. In fact, when Liu Bei was down and out, Cao Cao's think tank was divided into two factions: the main killing faction and the main staying faction. When Cao Cao said, "You are the only hero in the world today." This doomed that if Liu Bei wanted to spend the rest of his life under Cao Cao, he had to be a man with his tail between his legs. Even so, it is still a big question whether Cao Cao Can will accommodate Liu Bei. More importantly, Liu Bei is indomitable by nature, but his experiences and painful experiences have taught him patience. It can also be said that Liu Bei's patience is unnatural and is for a higher level of intolerance.
Liu Bei's life creed is: I would rather be a fighting dog chased everywhere than a pug with a backer. Therefore, he not only dared to lash Du You in the Western Wei Dynasty, but also dared to challenge Cao De who nobody dared to provoke. At that time, there were less than 10,000 soldiers in the world. Although defeated again and again, they can always escape again and again and make a comeback again and again. So repeatedly, I finally had the opportunity to pay attention to the miraculous turning point of "The Cat's Nest and the Burning of Chibi".
Chen Shou's evaluation of Liu Bei is: "If you don't bend or scratch, you will never be the next one. A lot of repression is not allowed, not only for competition, but also to avoid hurting Yule. " This is apt.
Seeing the thatched cottage was a turning point for Liu Bei. Once the three-day strategic concept was put forward, Liu Bei Group had a clear development strategy for the first time. Zhuge Liang and Lu Su joined forces to promote the alliance between Sun and Liu, which made this strategy possible. From Battle of Red Cliffs in the 13th year of Jian 'an to the capture of Hanzhong in the 24th year of Jian 'an, this year can be described as the heyday of Liu Bei. From repeated defeats to successive victories, from obscurity to superiority. The torrent of history is spinning so fast that it is dazzling. Under this stable brilliance, there are new drastic changes lurking.
When Liu Bei and Cao Cao competed for Hanzhong, Guan Yu's Jingzhou army launched a series of military actions on the battlefield of the Central Plains, from the confrontation with Cao's border defense until the two sides officially went to war. At first, it was only a limited containment action, but because the military progress was too smooth, it got out of control step by step and eventually turned into a big war between Cao Liu. Guan Yu paid too much attention to military struggle and ignored the undercurrent of diplomatic battlefield. Just as he left Xiangyang, surrounded Fancheng, flooded seven armies, and reached the peak of his military strength, he was suddenly attacked by Du Baihe, and finally the whole army was wiped out by Cao and Sun.
The fall of Jingzhou and the collapse of Guan Yu Group was obviously a heavy blow to Liu Bei, but it was not a fatal blow. If we continue to endure and gradually restore our alliance with Sun Quan, I don't know who will die without Cao Cao after the Central Plains. What's more, there is no doubt that Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty at this time.
At that time, Zhao Yun clearly analyzed the reasons for Liu Bei's decision-making mistakes: "The traitor is Cao Cao, not Sun Quan. Destroy Wei first, and you can be persuaded. Although his mother died, his son still stole. When everyone is concerned, plan Guanzhong as early as possible and live in the upper reaches and north of this river to win fierce opposition. Yi Guandong will pack up food and ride to meet Julian Waghann. Don't buy Wei, fight Wu first; If the soldiers are handed over, they will not be solved. "
Based on this analysis, many people in later generations think that Liu Bei's advocacy of Emperor Han Guang is just a propaganda slogan. Therefore, Liu Bei is a hypocritical hypocrite.
Is that so?
First of all, if Liu Bei was really a wily hypocrite, he would never go to war with Sun Quan at this time. Not to mention the success of attacking Guanzhong at this time, but at least he will attack Sun Quan without Cao Wei, which will certainly bring a huge blow to his consistent political reputation.
Secondly, from a diplomatic point of view, international political struggle has no eternal friends or enemies, only eternal interests. In the second year of Huang Dynasty, there was a military friction between Wei and Wu over the ownership of Xiangyang and Fancheng. At this point, what Liu Bei has to do is definitely not to attack Wu, but to fight with other people's shelves, but to continue to wait and see.
Finally, from the perspective of military science, Liu Bei, who is older than the military, can't be unaware that after losing Jingzhou, Sun Liuzhi was separated by the Three Gorges. Whoever attacks first will cross the canyon hundreds of kilometers first. Along the way, the terrain is dangerous, the traffic is inconvenient, the fog is foggy, and there is almost no water to drink. No one should start first. Unless it is a surprise attack when the enemy is unprepared. In the winter of 24 years of Jian 'an, Guan Yu was killed; In the first year of Wei Dynasty, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty. Another year passed, that is, the second year of Wei. In the first year of Zhangwu, Liu Bei sent troops to attack Wu, and later took Wuxian. Until Huang Sannian and Zhang Wunian launched an all-out attack. The accident no longer exists.
Of course, some people think that Liu Bei's military ability is not high. The Battle of Wang Po and the Battle of Hanzhong can be said to be two brilliant victories of Liu Bei Group against Cao Cao. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these two victories are listed as Zhuge Liang's names, but in history, Liu Bei won these two battles himself. In the battle of Bowangpo, Zhuge Liang was still lying in Longzhong. After capturing Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang stayed in Chengdu and was responsible for transporting troops and food to the front. How can you say that Liu Bei is a military idiot?
It can be said that Liu Bei's attack on Wu was completely crazy politically, diplomatically and militarily. Explain that this incredible answer was actually first put forward by an enemy think tank.
After Guan Yu's death, the question of whether Liu Bei and Sun Quan went to war caused great controversy in Wei State. Ye Liu believes that there will always be wars in the world, on the grounds that Liu Bei and Guan Yu are "benevolent, and both father and son are kind". As Liu Bei, it is impossible not to avenge Guan Yu.
The problem is not complicated, but Liu Bei is old. People are often unreasonable when they are old. More importantly, Liu Bei is a heterogeneous political figure with good personality and interpersonal relationship.
After all, Liu Bei is a politician and the king of a country. The repeated exhortations of Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun and the resolute opposition of many important officials could not affect Liu Bei's decision. This may be one of the main reasons why Liu Bei delayed his attack for three years. It happened that at this delicate juncture, Zhang Fei was assassinated again, and the murderer defected to Sun Quan. This incident finally killed Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun's last hope of stopping Liu Bei's crusade, and it was also the biggest tragedy of Liu Bei and Shu Han's regime.
Liu Bei's life will inevitably be destroyed by the campfire of the company and will end in the cold of being alone with Baidicheng. The real Liu Bei is neither a loyal and stupid second brother nor a perfidious hypocrite, but a unique, maverick and indomitable soul.