The year 202 1 has ended. This year, intensive regulation has become one of the key words of the property market, which has a profound impact on the trend and changes of the real estate industry.
The Beijing News real estate news invented the "Top Ten Policies" of real estate, focusing on land supply, rectifying speculation in "school districts", checking operating loans, guiding the price of second-hand houses, price limit orders, and starting the property tax pilot ... These policies guide the development of the industry while practicing "housing and not speculating".
It is worth noting that although the real estate regulation and control policies are still mainly tightened throughout the year, RRR interest rate cuts and official statements at the end of the year, including support for just-needed houses, financial support for real estate mergers and acquisitions, and virtuous circle and healthy development, have been frequently reported, and policy regulation has been marginalized. In the eyes of the industry, the future real estate policy will hold the bottom line of "housing and not speculating", and at the same time, there will be more policies to support the healthy development of real estate.
Intensive regulation has become one of the key words of 20021property market, which has a profound impact on the trend and changes of the real estate industry.
1 and centralized land supply in 22 cities
Centralized land supply has become one of the far-reaching real estate control policies throughout the year. At the beginning of the year, four first-tier cities in Guangzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen and second-tier cities in Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Wuhan, Zhengzhou and other hot spots 18 announced the implementation of "two centralized" land transfer methods, that is, centralized release of transfer announcements and centralized organization of transfer activities, no more than three times a year.
Underground centralized supply, land transfer policies in various places have also changed significantly, especially since the second round of centralized land supply, land auction rules have become stricter, and controlling premium rate, raising the entry threshold of housing enterprises, strengthening the linkage between housing prices and land prices, selling existing houses and taking land by lottery have become new features of many cities.
Changing the scattered land transfer into centralized transfer, supplemented by various new bidding rules, can reduce the phenomenon of excessive competition and bid-up of land prices by real estate enterprises, cool down the land market, and further strengthen the general tone of "staying and not speculating", which is helpful to realize the goal of "stabilizing land prices, housing prices and expectations".
2. Rectify the hype of "school district housing"
It is nothing new to speculate on the housing price of "school district housing", but this year the regulation of "school district housing" speculation has entered the "deep water area".
Since the second half of the year, from the central government to local governments, from first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen to second-tier cities such as Hefei, Xi and Chengdu-Chongqing, relevant policies have been introduced to rectify the hype of "school district housing", which has effectively promoted the cooling of "school district housing" through measures such as multi-school dicing, teacher rotation system, enrollment in university districts, and independent regulation of school district housing.
Taking Beijing as an example, this year, the supervision of "school districts" has been strengthened, not only strictly implementing the multi-school allocation policy, but also listing "speculating housing prices through school districts" as one of the nine key tasks this year.
In the eyes of the industry, compared with ordinary real estate, the demand for "school district housing" is more rigid, which is an important factor in the rise of housing prices, and also becomes the "bull nose" of real estate regulation, which will prevent the speculation of housing prices in the name of "school district housing" from rising to a higher regulatory position, which not only shows the seriousness of the speculation of "school district housing", but also highlights the guidance of the central government on the regulation of "school district housing".
3. Check the operating loan
Preventing the illegal inflow of operating loan funds has become a heavy control killer for the cooling of the property market this year. On March 26th, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the General Office of the Central Bank jointly issued the Notice on Preventing the Illegal Flowing of Operating Loans into the Real Estate Sector, which put forward nine requirements: strengthening borrower qualification verification, strengthening credit demand review, strengthening loan term management, strengthening loan collateral management, strengthening post-loan management, strengthening bank internal management, strengthening intermediary agency management, continuously supporting the development of the real economy, and strengthening collaborative supervision and inspection.
Since then, an "encirclement and suppression" campaign against illegal misappropriation of commercial loans for real estate speculation has been staged in several hot cities. Cities such as Beijing and Hangzhou have made it clear that commercial loans are not allowed to flow into the property market, while cities such as Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have intensified their efforts to investigate and deal with misappropriation of commercial loans.
According to the survey results released in April this year, Shenzhen announced the early recovery of 2 1 and 5 1.8 million yuan of suspected illegal loans, Guangzhou identified the amount of problem loans suspected of illegally flowing into the property market as 65.438+0.47 billion yuan, and Beijing identified the amount of personal business loans suspected of illegally flowing into the property market as about 340 million yuan. Shanghai announced 123 that commercial loans and consumer loans were suspected of being misappropriated in the property market, accounting for 339 million yuan.
Real estate is considered as the biggest "grey rhinoceros" in the financial system, and the phenomenon of financialization and bubble is serious. Commercial loans are important cash machines and levers for real estate speculators. The illegal inflow of commercial loans into the property market will not only help to raise housing prices, but also bring about huge risks, such as the failure of housing supply caused by loan lending. Strict investigation of operating loans will inevitably squeeze the bubble and strictly control the chaos of real estate speculation from the root.
4, the second-hand housing guide price
In order to curb the overheating of the property market, in February this year, Shenzhen issued a strict control policy and established a reference price release mechanism for second-hand housing transactions, which had a strong lethality to the second-hand housing market that had been "fanatical" for more than a year and had obvious effects in cracking down on real estate speculation. A few months later, the second-hand housing market in Shenzhen dropped significantly, with both volume and price falling.
Subsequently, many cities followed suit, including Guangzhou, Dongguan, Dongguan, Hefu, Xi 'an, Chengdu, Shaoxing, Wuxi, Ningbo, Quzhou, Jinhua, Sanya, etc., and published the reference prices of second-hand residential transactions or conducted price verification to provide price guidance for key or hot areas.
After the regulation of hot cities turns to the second-hand housing market, it is an inevitable trend to introduce the reference price of second-hand housing, and it is also the need for the government to play a real role in maintaining the basic order of the supply market and making up for market defects.
5. Order of daily limit board
While hot cities curb the excessive rise of housing prices, some non-hot cities carry out "reverse" regulation to prevent housing prices from falling too fast. Since the second half of the year, many cities, including Zhangjiakou, Kunming, Tangshan, Jiangyin, Zhuzhou, Yueyang and so on. , has been through the introduction of policies or interviews with housing enterprises to regulate the substantial price reduction behavior of housing enterprises.
Behind the price limit order is the overall cooling of the property market. According to the data of 70 cities' house price changes released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in June, 5438+065438+ 10, the price of new houses fell in 59 cities, the most since March, 20 15, while the sales price of second-hand houses rose in only three cities.
Ups and downs may lead to expected fluctuations, and the introduction of the "price limit order" once again shows that "stability" is the most certain keyword in the property market.
6. The property tax pilot began.
From legislation to pilot, real estate tax has made substantial progress this year. In May, real estate tax reform was proposed. In June+10, 5438, the decision of NPC Standing Committee on authorizing the State Council to carry out pilot work in real estate tax reform in some areas was passed, and the property tax was divided into residential and non-residential real estate; The pilot project will last for five years, and when conditions are ripe, laws will be enacted in time.
According to the latest official news, the real estate tax will be piloted for five years, and laws will be enacted when conditions are ripe.
In the eyes of the industry, real estate tax is very important in the national tax and fee system, and the legislative cycle is relatively long, so the promotion needs to be rigorous. The pilot project is a very important "touchstone" and will provide important support for the subsequent legislative work.
But when will the pilot start? Which cities are the first to enter the pilot list? What is the specific tax exemption scope and tax rate? There are more questions to answer.
7. Urban renewal should prevent demolition and construction.
This year, urban renewal has ushered in a new turning point. On August 3 1, the Notice on Preventing Large Demolition and Large Construction in the Implementation of Urban Renewal officially landed, which emphasized that large demolition and large construction should be strictly controlled, and existing buildings should not be demolished, except illegal buildings and buildings that have been identified as dangerous buildings by professional institutions and have no repair value. In principle, the demolished building area of urban renewal units (districts) or projects shall not be greater than 20% of the current total building area.
At the same time, the above notice requires strict control of large-scale new additions. In principle, the demolition and construction ratio of urban renewal units (districts) or projects should not be greater than 2; It is required to preserve the memory of the city, maintain the scale of the pattern of the old city, and not destroy the traditional pattern and street texture of the old city.
Urban renewal is an important means to solve "urban diseases" and provide new growth points for urban development. However, in the process of promotion, there has been a tendency to demolish large buildings and get quick success and instant benefit. In some places, old buildings are demolished at will, residents are demolished, old trees are cut down, house prices are raised in disguise, and the cost of living is raised, resulting in new urban problems.
The new regulations clarify the bottom line of urban renewal, determine the main tone of urban renewal in the future, and change from a single "development mode" to a "business model" to avoid repeating the old road of extensive urban development and construction.
8. The model room must be "what you see is what you get"
In recent years, in the new housing market, the phenomenon of "goods are not right" and "serious allocation reduction" frequently occurs. On August 16, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development officially issued the Notice on Further Regulating the Sales Behavior of Newly-built Commercial Housing, among which the most interesting thing is to set up a delivery model room. Before the pre-sale of commercial housing, the developer shall deliver the model room according to the house style, structural size, delivery standard and construction technology set in the construction drawing and pre-sale plan reviewed by the drawing review institution, and arrange the process model room in the delivery model room. If the project has multiple units, the main units (not less than two) should be set up to deliver the model room, and the delivery model room and process model area should be kept for at least three months after the project is delivered.
Under the pre-sale system of commercial housing, model houses are very important for buyers to buy new houses, and the intuitive experience of model houses often becomes an important basis for buyers to make decisions. However, when decorating the model room, the decoration scheme displayed by the developer is more advanced, and the brands of home appliances and doors used are also "high-end". However, in the actual delivery, buyers often find that "the goods are not right" and "the price is seriously reduced".
It can be said that the new commercial housing sales regulations in Beijing cut the pain points of buyers, solved the serious asymmetry of purchase information, effectively ensured the quality of delivery, and made the "model house" a real "model".
9. The first local version of the housing lease regulations will be issued.
Following the Public Housing Lease Regulations of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the first local version of the Housing Lease Regulations is expected to be issued. On August 24th, the Beijing Housing Leasing Regulations (Draft for Comment) drafted by Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (hereinafter referred to as "Draft for Comment") was publicly solicited for comments.
In view of the persistent diseases in the housing rental market, the exposure draft is innovative and suits the remedy to the case. For example, the government can "intervene" in the sharp rise of rents, and the amount of rent collected at one time is generally within three months, and the overcharged part will be supervised; Severely punish the "formaldehyde room" with a maximum penalty of 300,000; Those who publish false rental information will be removed from the Internet platform.
For a long time, there has been a lot of chaos in the housing rental industry, and phenomena such as "black intermediary", "group rent", "driving up rent" and "robbing houses" have occurred constantly. The promulgation of the Regulations on Housing Leasing will not only eliminate chaos and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of renters, but also further promote the long-term sustainable development of the leasing market.
More crucially, this is the first local version of the lease regulations in China, which has a very important symbolic significance, which means that other cities may follow suit in the future, which will have profound changes in the housing rental market and may even become a turning point in market development.
10, Beijing blocked "fake divorce" to buy a house.
In order to curb the "fake divorce" in buying houses, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Announcement on Further Improving the Purchase Restriction Policy of Commercial Housing", which stated that since August 5, 20021,if the number of houses owned by the husband and wife before the divorce does not meet the requirements of the purchase restriction policy of commercial housing in this city, neither party may buy commercial housing in this city within 3 years from the date of divorce.
Previously, Beijing's divorce purchase policy was introduced on 20 17. For mortgage applicants who have been divorced for less than one year, commercial banks should refer to the second home loan credit policy. Apply for housing provident fund loans, according to two sets of housing provident fund loan policies. This means that for "fake divorce" buyers, although the previous credit policy was limited, it was not standardized from the qualification of buying houses, and there were loopholes in the policy.
The relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development also said that only recently, about 14% of housing transactions were purchased by divorced families. This not only affects the effect of supervision, but also easily leads to a series of legal risks and moral risks.
This time, Beijing blocked the "fake divorce to buy a house" and filled the "loophole" of divorce to buy a house, which can not only effectively reduce the heat of property market transactions, but also return marriage to the essence from the moral level and stop the "fake divorce" farce.