Temple Name Ruling Time Ruling Time Ruling Age

Qin Zhuanggong Qian 82 1- Qian 776 Qian 82 1 44

Qin Xianggong Qian 777- Qian 766 Qian 77 12

Qin Wengong top765-top714top7655438+0

Qin Ning Gong Qian 7 15- Qian 702 Qian 7 15 13

Qin Qian 703- Qian 696 Qian 703 Qian 7

Qin Wugong Qian 697- Qian 676 Qian 697 2 1

Qin Degong Qian 677- Qian 674 Qian 677 3

Qin Qian 675- Qian 662 Qian 675 13

Qin Chenggong Qian 663- Qian 660 Qian 663 3

Qin Mugong before 659- before 6 19 before 657 40

Qin Kanggong Qian 620- Qian 609 Qian 620 1 1

Qin Gongqian 608- Qian 602 Qian 608 6

Qin Huan Gong Qian 603- Qian 577 Qian 603 26

Qin Jinggong before 576- before 537 before 576 39

Qin Aihong top 536-top 50 1 top 536 35

Top 500 Qin-491Top 500 9

Qin Daogong top 490-top 477 top 490 13

Qin Li Gong Qian 476- Qian 443 Qian 476 33

Qin Zaogong Qian 442- Qian 429 Qian 442 13

Qinhuai public money 428- money 425 money 428 3

Qin Linggong Qian 424- Qian 4 15 Qian 424 9

Top 4 14 before Qin dynasty, top 400

Qin Qian 399- Qian 387 Qian 399 12

Qin Qian 386- Qian 385 Qian 386 1

Qin Xiangong Top 384-Top 362 Top 384 22

Qin Xiaogong Qian 36 1- Qian 338 Qian 36 1 23

Qin Qian 337- Qian 3 1 1 Qian 337 26

Qin Wuwang TOP 310-TOP 307 TOP 310 3

Qin Zhao Wang Sheng Di 306- Di 2565438+ Di 306 55.

Qin obtained the top 250- top 250 1

Wang Xiang of Qinzhuang was awarded the top 249 -247 -249 in Zi Chu.

Before the king of Qin won the government, 246-220, 246 and 26

Qin dynasty

Before Qin Shihuang seized power, 22 1-21,221,1.

Qin Ershi beat Hu Hai in the top 209- 207, 209 3.

Before 2007-207 and 2007-August, Wang Mangziying.

According to legend, Qin's ancestors were descendants of Emperor Zhuan Xu among the Five Emperors. When he was in Shun Di, he won a surname. When Cheng Tang attacked Xia Dynasty, Chang Fei, the winner at that time, took the initiative to abandon Xia Dynasty to do business, and drove chariots for Cheng Tang in the battle of singing Xia Jun in Shang Tang, making great achievements. Won became a strong supporter of Shang Dynasty.

When Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Shang Dynasty, the yuanshi county family fell out of favor because it fell into the hands of the Shang Dynasty. When their descendants arrived, because they were good at riding horses, they were once again appreciated by the king of Zhou, got the fief of Zhao Cheng, and changed their surname to Zhao! After Zhou succeeded to the throne, Ji changed her surname to Zhao Feizi, a descendant of Zhao Bi's family. Because of his meritorious service in raising horses, Zhou named Qin Gui as a concubine, and asked him to inherit the victory family again. Qin became a vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty, known as the "King of Qin" in history.

Almost from the day when the State of Qin was founded, the royal family of Qin became an indispensable and important force of the Zhou Dynasty in the war of western expedition. During the fourth generation of the Qin Dynasty, the army of Xirong attacked the Zhou Dynasty, and Zhao, who belonged to the same clan as Qin, was attacked. Zhao State began to move to the Jin State with Ji surname, and later became Zhao State in the Warring States Period. In order to repel Xirong, Qin Zhong was appointed as Zhou's doctor and attacked Xirong. Qin Zhong was defeated and killed. Qin Zhuanggong, the eldest son of Qin Zhong, continued Qin Zhong's ambition and attacked Xirong, which not only recovered Qin Zhong's original territory, but also recovered Zhao's homeland. Therefore, it became Qin's responsibility to appoint Qin Zhuanggong as the doctor of Xi Huang to fight against Xi Rong!

At the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Pingwang was afraid of Xirong's military strength and was forced to retreat, and moved his ruling center eastward. The sixth generation master of Qin dynasty made great contributions in the war to save the Zhou royal family. When he left, Zhou Pingwang sealed all the territory of the Zhou Dynasty in the west to the State of Qin, and formally appointed the governor of Qin and Wei. At that time, most of the western territory of the Zhou Dynasty was occupied by Xirong. Although Qin was blocked, it only gained nominal control. Qin Xianggong died of illness shortly after being blocked, and Qin Wengong, the first important figure in the history of Qin State, appeared. During his fifty years in office, Qin Wengong successfully defeated Xirong, and extended to Qishan in Zhou Dynasty, which is probably Fengxiang area in Shaanxi today. Qin Wengong is not only superior in martial arts, but also the actual founder of Qin State. He first established the Qin Dou by the Wei River and formulated laws in the early Qin Dynasty. At the same time, Qin Wengong also strengthened cultural ties with the Zhou Dynasty and introduced the culture of the Zhou Dynasty. When he was alive, it was the initial period when Qin began to expand and establish. According to common sense, posthumous title is more likely to be a military commander, but posthumous title is a scholar, which may be the reason.

After that, Qin experienced a very common court coup in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was different from the vassal states of the Central Plains in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. After the coup subsided, in order to ensure the stability of Qin, Qin gave up the eldest son inheritance system and became brothers.

After Qin Chenggong died, Chenggong's younger brother Ren Hao succeeded to the throne. He is the famous Qin Mugong in the early Qin Dynasty. In the fourth year of Qin Mugong, Qi Huangong invaded Chu, and all countries in the Central Plains recognized the hegemony of Qi! Qin's remote geographical position made it impossible for Qin to form an alliance with Qi, and Qin was isolated! In order to change this situation, Qin Mugong married the Princess of the State of Jin. Contrary to his original intention, the marriage with him soon plunged Qin into civil strife in Jin. After the death of Jin Xiangong, a palace coup took place in Jin. With the help of Qin, the prince Ji Yiwu of the State of Jin became the monarch of the State of Jin. Instead, it violated the oath with Qin and failed to cede territory. The contradiction between Qin Jin and China began to become fierce. Qin Mugong began to support another prince of the State of Jin, Ji Chonger, to become the monarch of the State of Jin. Ji Chonger was later Jin Wengong, and the State of Jin became the enemy of Qin under the governance of Jin Wengong!

Qin Mugong is very different from several generations of Qin Jun after Qin Wengong. After Qin Wengong, several generations of monarchs had no strong desire to expand eastward. Qin's eastward expansion began in Mu Gong's time, and Qin Mugong was the first monarch in Qin with great longing for the Central Plains. Compared with several hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period, he was not as generous as Qi Huangong, and had obvious political purposes in diplomatic actions between countries. For example, when he helped Ji Yiwu become the monarch of the State of Jin, he accepted Ji Yiwu's suggestion and ceded the land in the west of the State of Jin in return. After Ji Yiwu's treacherous attack on Qin failed and he was captured, he kept saying that he would kill and sacrifice to heaven, but the actual purpose was to "glorify" the land in the west and take the eldest son as Qin. Compared with the action of saving Xing Cunwei and going north to help Yan fight against Shanrong for free, it is far from it. He can't compare with Jin Wengong. When he just died of illness, he ignored the opposition of prissy and uncle Jian, and went to attack Zheng. Baili played a great role in the strength of Qin at that time. They are two very experienced politicians, and their views have been proved to be very correct by later facts! But Mu Gong let him go his own way and insult Uncle Jian, who is old and should be buried. After his death, the cruel martyrdom system was carried out. Qin has 177 people, most of whom are talents of Qin! When he was alive, Qin could confront Jin, but after his death, Qin was defeated by Jin many times. The reason is that after Mu Gong's death, Qin destroyed talents!

However, Qin Mugong did play an extremely important role in the development of Qin, and he laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of Qin. In the era, the expansion of Qin was extremely fierce! It wiped out the slippery Guo, seized the land west of the Jin State and pushed the eastern border of the Qin State to the Yellow River. Qin expanded its territory to Xirong, benefiting the country and the people, and its territory expanded thousands of miles. Qin entered the Warring States Period, which was roughly laid by Mu Gong. It is precisely because of Mu Gong's map hegemony that Qin's influence was able to enter the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

After Qin Mugong's death, Qin began to decline, and the aristocratic dictatorship seriously restricted the development of Qin, which also caused the instability of Qin's court. The Hexi land occupied by Qin Mugong era was recovered by the State of Jin. Qin not only lost its land, but also lost all its prestige since Mu Gong's time. After the State of Jin was carved up by Zhao, Wei and Han, the State of Qin was not revived by the disintegration of its opponents, but was regarded as a country in Yi Rong! The territory of Qin State is larger than that of Qi State and Sanjin State, but it is unfair that Qin State is in such a political position!

Qin Xiaogong acceded to the throne at the age of 2/kloc-0. Faced with this situation, he is very sad. In order to restore the prosperity of Qin in Mu Gong's time, Qin Xiaogong ordered to recruit talents at home. Wei Yang appeared under the recruitment order of Qin Xiaogong, and two people with the same innovative spirit met.

In three years, Wei Yang was made a regular, and a vigorous political reform began. The overall content of the reform absorbed the achievements of Wei and the reform. Implement the method of sitting together to strengthen the control of private households; By means of double taxation, Ding Nan of Qin State was urged to get married as soon as possible and the population of Qin State was increased. Reaffirm the title according to military service and deprive the imperial clan of privileges; Reward agricultural production and crack down on merchants and craftsmen; Private fights between families are strictly forbidden. In the 12th year of Qin Xiaogong, Qin Xiaogong moved the capital of Qin State from Liyang to Xianyang, and Weiyang issued a decree for the second time. Compared with the first political reform, the struggle of this political reform is more intense. Wei Yang established a county system in the territory of Qin, and each county had a county magistrate. Abolish the well-field system implemented since the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, the land is no longer unique to the state, recognize the privatization of land, and stipulate that taxes should be levied according to the land area occupied by each person. Promulgate legal weights and measures.

A series of thorough political reforms dealt a heavy blow to the influence of the old aristocracy, making A Qin a paradise for the development of new noble at that time. After Qin Xiaogong's death, Wei Yang was killed by the old nobles of Qin State because of the new law, but the new law was preserved.

Wei Yang is a cold and efficient person. He practiced Yan Gou's reform from the very beginning in the State of Qin, and tried the prisoners by the blood-stained Wei River! However, only ten years later, Qin became rich and powerful. During these ten years, he led the army to defeat Wei successfully, recovered the land of Hexi, and forced Wei to move to the main beam of the capital, which shows that he also knows a lot about military affairs. However, no matter how talented he is, he could not have accomplished such a great cause without the support of Qin Xiaogong.

Qin Xiaogong's name is unknown, but he can support Wei Yang's political reform at the age of 24, which is also a rare talent. His influence on the State of Qin far exceeded that of his predecessor, Qin Mugong, but his reputation was not as loud as that of Qin Mugong. The reason is that his thoughts are contrary to later Confucianism. Qin Mugong's era is in the Spring and Autumn Period. Although the war of annexation between vassals had begun, morality was still a very important political slogan at that time. Qin Mugong himself has become a moral gentleman several times, and it is because of these just acts that he made his name. The Qin Xiaogong era is very different from the Spring and Autumn Period, which is a naked era of annexation. When Qin Xiaogong first met Wei Yang, he obviously didn't accept Wei Yang's idea of imitating the Shang and Zhou emperors. He said to Jing Ke, who recommended Wei Yang, "The guest of the son is proud and full of evil!" This shows that Qin Xiaogong is a politically mature and independent person. At that time, Qin Xiaogong was only 24 years old. In the subsequent political reform, Wei Yang was constantly attacked by the old aristocratic forces, who even used the young prince to resist the political reform. At this time, Qin Xiaogong showed great political talent. China has a saying since ancient times that "men's words are awesome"! Even a mother who knows her son very well has to believe the rumor. Those who want to attack the new law are all close ministers around Qin Xiaogong. They get along with Xiao Gong every day until their son appears. This political situation is difficult to deal with. Qin Xiaogong solved this problem. Because of the firmness of filial piety, the reform of Qin became the most successful reform in the Warring States period, and the road to overlord of Qin began with filial piety.

From then on, the civilians in the state of Qin had the hope of changing their identities with military exploits, and soldiers became the most glorious profession. Anyone who has made achievements in the military can be promoted to a knight, which greatly stimulates the Qin people's enthusiasm for production and the courage to fight for the country. The more prisoners there are, the more capital there is to reward Qin's achievements ... In this cycle, the Qin army becomes stronger and stronger, becoming a teacher of tigers and wolves that makes the eastern countries lose heart.

The core ideas of Shang Yang's political reform are: severe punishment, weak people, suppression of business and prohibition of travel. Qin was soon transformed from an obscure weak country in the west into a military power with "imperial edict" and "vassal cooperation".

During the short 10 years of Shang Yang's political reform, Qin was ruled endlessly. There are no thieves in the mountains, and the family provides for the people. Qin people are "brave in fighting public wars and afraid of fighting private wars", and they are happy when they hear about fighting. Even Tian Ji, the Emperor of the Zhou Dynasty, gave Xiao Gong a gift and named him "Fang Bo" (the leader of a vassal). All countries came to congratulate him, and Qin became the most powerful and wealthy country at that time.

Shang Yang carried out the most successful political reform movement in the Warring States period, but it ended in a car crack. This is of course very unfortunate for Shang Yang personally. But for the development of Qin, the results of Shang Yang's painstaking reform are indelible. Although he died, his method was not defeated, even "the method that all women and children in Qin dynasty said" ("Warring States Policy Qin Ce I"). The reform presided over by Shang Yang is the most comprehensive, systematic and thorough among all countries. Since Shang Yang's political reform carried out the policy of rewarding military service (military service knighthood system), Qin Jun has become more and more brave. Weapons and equipment are constantly improving. The arm is divided into step, car and ride. The number of troops reached "one million soldiers" for a long time, followed by famous military strategists and generals from Wei Liaozi, Bai Qi and Jincon. Qin quickly became the first powerful country in the Warring States Period, which was an important step in the rise of the Qin Dynasty, and gradually made A Qin a central force to realize the reunification of China.

Attack and destroy the six countries

In the seventeenth year of King Qin (the first 230 years), the South Korean general Nai Shi Teng led the destruction of the six countries of Korea and Qin, and captured Wang An. The income from Korea is located in Yingchuan County.

In the 19th year of Qin Dynasty (the first 228 years), Wang Jian, a general of Qin State, invaded Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and Zhao Wangqian was forced to land in Qin and Zhaopo, and set up Handan County, Julu County and Taiyuan County. Zhao Gongzi's family led hundreds of clan members to flee to Yecheng.

In the twentieth year of Qin (227 BC), the prince of Yan sent Jing Ke and Qin Wuyang to assassinate the king of Qin, and the king of Qin immediately sent Wang Jian to attack Yan.

In the 21st year of Qin Dynasty (226 BC), Wang Jian attacked Yan Dou Ji, and Prince Xi retreated to Liaodong, killing Prince Dan and making peace.

In the 22nd year of the King of Qin (the first 225 years), Wang Jian's son, Qin Jun Wang Ben, led 65,438+10,000 troops to attack Wei, surrounded Wei's girders and irrigated them with water from the Yellow River Gorge. Three months later, Daliangcheng was broken, Wei surrendered and Wei died.

In the same year, Wang Jian led a 600,000-strong army to attack Chu, and An Lushan practiced martial arts without fighting.

In the 23rd year of the King of Qin (the first 224 years), Wang Jian led 600,000 troops across the Huaihe River and besieged Shouchun, the capital of Chu.

Portrait of Wang Jian [25] In the twenty-fourth year of Qin Dynasty (the first 223 years), the morale of the Chu army was low, and food and grass were scarce, so they retreated to the front. Wang Jian took the opportunity to pursue, wiped out the main force of the Chu army, occupied Shouchun, the capital of Chu, and captured the king of Chu alive. The Chu people re-established Chang Pingjun as king. Wang Jian also led the army to cross the river, pacify the south of the Yangtze River, set up Huiji County, and Chu died [23-24].

In the twenty-fifth year of the Qin Dynasty (222 BC), Wang Ben laid Liaodong and captured Yan; Then he captured the city of Dai and captured Zhao Wangjia. Yan and Zhao were completely destroyed, and Qin Shihuang established Yanmen County.

In the twenty-sixth year of the King of Qin (22 1 year), Wang Ben led an army south to attack Qi, and Qi Wang Jian surrendered without a fight, and Qi died [23-24].

At this point, Qin destroyed six countries and unified the whole country. At that time, Wei existed as a vassal and was abolished in 209 of the first year [23-24].

Attack Xiongnu in the north

Huns are distributed in the Mongolian plateau and have often invaded the south since the end of the Warring States period. After the national reunification, Qin Shihuang sent Meng Tian to lead 300,000 troops to fight against the Huns. In the thirty-second year of the first emperor (2 15 BC), Meng Tian recovered the land south of Hetao, which was called "Henan land" at that time, and further expelled the Huns in the second year. Qin started from Yuzhong (east of Lanzhou, Gansu, but there are different opinions) to the north, set up 34 counties in the east of the Yellow River and south of Yinshan Mountain, and built a river on a section of the Yellow River. Qin also restored and connected Yan, Zhao and Qin Changcheng during the Warring States Period, and built the Great Wall of Wan Li, one of the great ancient world projects from Lintao (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong in the east, to protect the northern agricultural areas. Then, Qin moved tens of thousands of people to Hetao. This has played a positive role in reclaiming border areas and strengthening border defense.

Surrender baiyue

The Vietnamese in China are distributed in East China and South China, divided into Fujian, South Vietnam and Xi 'ou. Fujian and Vietnam are now in Zhejiang and Fujian, South Vietnam is now in Guangdong and eastern Guangxi, and xi 'ou is now in southwestern Guangdong, southwestern Guangxi and even southeastern Yunnan. The Yue people "tattooed their hair and hugged their arms" and engaged in fishing and hunting agriculture, relying on mountains and seas. Xi 'ou people are mainly engaged in agricultural production.

Lingqu [29] In the twenty-fourth year of the Qin Dynasty (the first 223 years), Wang Jian led the destruction of Chu, continued south, won part of the land of the Yue people, and set up Huiji County (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In twenty-six years, Qin Shihuang sent Wei Tu Sui to send 500,000 troops, divided into five armies, to attack Kancheng (now Jingxian County, Hunan Province), Jiuyi (now Ningyuan South, Hunan Province), Panyu (now Guangzhou, Guangdong Province), Ye Nan (now Nankang, Jiangxi Province) and Yugan (now Yugan, Jiangxi Province) for three years. Qin Jun defeated the resistance of Fujian and Vietnam, and set up Minzhong County (now Fuzhou, Fujian) with its land. Qin Jun, who attacked South Vietnam, also occupied Panyu. Only Qin Jun, on the western front, met with stubborn resistance from the Xi 'ou people.

In order to solve the difficulty of salary transfer in Qin Jun, Jian Lu led troops to dig a canal between Xiangshui and Lishui (now Xing 'an, Guangxi) to connect the traffic of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River system. In the battle with the Ou people, Xi Ou Jun translated and Qin Jun Commander Wei Tusui died one after another. In thirty-three years, Qin Shihuang sent reinforcements from the people, husbands and businessmen who fled in Neixian County to conquer Western Europe, and built Nanhai County (now Guangzhou, Guangdong), Xiang Jun County (now Chongzuo, Guangxi) and Guilin County (now Guiping, Guangxi) in the hometown of Southern Guangdong and Western Europe and its adjacent areas, and continued to recruit people to defend them. In this way, hundreds of thousands of northern farmers stayed there to live with the Vietnamese and develop the Pearl River Basin.

In 22 1 year BC, in the twenty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang, the feudal state ruled by feudal lords ended, and the autocratic and centralized Han nationality unified the country. This is a special event in ancient history. As a unified dynasty, a highly centralized political system was established in a vast ruling area, "the instrument is the same as the quantity, and the book is the same as the word."