The waterway construction planning of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal (20115) has a planned space of Dongping Lake to Hangzhou, with a total length of about 1050 km, covering cities along *** 13. Time range: the base year is 2009, and the evaluation level year is 20 15 years.
The goal of waterway construction is to realize the navigation of 1,000-ton ships in the Dongping-Jining section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal by 2065,438+05, basically complete the construction of the 304.3-kilometer waterway in the south of the Yangtze River and the 59-kilometer secondary waterway in the West Lake, and open the navigation bottleneck, so as to make the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal a smooth, efficient, safe and green inland waterway.
The construction ideas are as follows: (1) to realize the resumption of navigation between the two sections of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal in combination with the East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer; Fully implement the regulation of the waterway south of the Yangtze River to form a basically through third-class waterway; Through the expansion of ship lock capacity and bridge reconstruction, the main navigation bottlenecks are opened.
The overall plan is to speed up the resumption of navigation in northern Jining, Shandong Province and the construction of the "four-to-three" project in the south of the Yangtze River, improve the series of lock expansion projects from the eastern line of the Second Dam to Dawangmiao and northern Jiangsu, strengthen the construction of the inter-provincial channel (Huxi waterway), and start the waterway upgrading project from Jining to Taierzhuang. It is planned to implement 27 waterway construction projects of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal (including the 11th Five-Year Plan 15 continuation project), including Shandong 10, Jiangsu 16 and Zhejiang 1. According to the types of construction projects, waterway project 14, ship lock project 1 1, and bridge project 2. The total investment is 28.544 billion yuan.
2 environmental impact analysis and suggestions
2. 1 ecological impact
Waterway widening and service area construction occupy some agricultural land, but due to the increase of water surface area, the overall ecological value of some areas is improved, so it will not have a significant impact on the ecological environment, or even have a positive impact to some extent. However, in the planning and implementation stage, it will cause adverse ecological and environmental impacts such as temporary land occupation, destruction of surface vegetation and soil erosion. However, the above impacts are basically short-lived and will basically disappear after the construction.
In the extended reach of the original river, the implementation of the planning will generally not affect the flow of species. There are no protected animals and large animals along the newly planned section from Wulongqiao in Zhejiang to Babao in Hangzhou, mainly some small wild animals such as rabbits and voles, which have little impact on wild animals.
After the implementation of the plan, the water volume in the waterway waters will increase, and the water exchange space will increase, which will be conducive to the dilution and degradation of pollutants, and the polluted area of fish and aquatic animals and plants along the route will be reduced, which will not have a major adverse impact on the aquatic ecological environment.
After waterway construction, the erosion coefficient of soil and water loss will be restored to its original state by taking certain ecological revetment measures. Judging from the long-term impact after the implementation of the plan, it can also solve the problem of soil erosion on both sides of some river sections.
The plan will also widen the channel bottom width of Dongping Lake, Nansi Lake and some sections of gaoyou lake. Among them, the gaoyou lake section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal does not enter the lake area, but directly uses the waterway outside the lake area. According to the analysis of existing research results and the conclusion of environmental impact assessment of the project, the implementation of the plan has little impact on the integrity of lake ecosystems such as Dongping Lake, Nansi Lake and gaoyou lake, as well as birds, fish and other organisms.
Waterway widening, ecological revetment technology popularization and water service area construction proposed in the plan will improve the landscape environment on both sides of some river sections.
2.2 Water environmental impact
After the implementation of the waterway construction plan of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, ship oil sewage and ship domestic sewage will be generated. From the analysis of pollution quantity, the contribution to the organic pollution of canals is very small compared with other types, but the oil pollution of water bodies is closely related to shipping. With the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal completely banned from sailing, this problem may be gradually improved.
In the evaluation, suggestions on the total amount control of water pollutants in the shipping industry in the future are put forward, and the influence of shipping sewage discharge in northern Jiangsu and eastern Shandong on the water quality of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is predicted by using CSTR model. The results show that under different water transfer scenarios, when the water transfer guarantee rate is high, that is, the water transfer quantity is relatively small, the oil concentration in the downstream is higher than that in the upstream. If strict management and supervision measures are not taken, the leakage of waste oil from ships can not be effectively controlled, which may cause oil pollution in water bodies. Judging from the degree of pollution, ships will increase the concentration of oil in the water, but overall, under normal operation, the water quality will not exceed the standard, which will not have a significant impact on the safe water supply of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. However, the average increase of COD concentration caused by ship domestic sewage is within 0.002mg/l, and the ship domestic sewage will not have a significant impact on the organic pollution of water.
2.3 Acoustic environmental impact
The noise sources generated during the implementation of waterway construction planning mainly include engineering construction noise and ship noise during operation, collection and distribution channel noise and channel ship noise. The forecast shows that after the implementation of the plan, all the areas along the Yangtze River can meet the four standards in the Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standard (GB3096-93) except 10 meter, but the nighttime noise values of some river sections with heavy traffic such as northern Jiangsu and southern Jiangsu are close to the standard limit.
2.4 Atmospheric environmental impact
The atmospheric pollutants in ship exhaust gas mainly include nitrogen oxides, SOx, CO and so on. In the evaluation, the total amount of ship exhaust gas generated in each channel is calculated based on the oil consumption of ships, and the possible influence range of ship exhaust gas under extremely unfavorable meteorological conditions (still wind) is predicted with reference to the road air pollution line source model. The results show that the average diffusion concentrations of SOx and nitrogen oxides discharged by ships are 0.00 12mg/m3 and 0.0 105mg/m3, respectively, at a distance of 30 meters from the center line of the waterway. Among them, the cross section with the largest diffusion concentration, the maximum increment of SOx and nitrogen oxides reached 0.0045 mg/m3 and 0.09 1 mg/m3 respectively. It can be seen that the influence of ship smoke on the surrounding environment is very small. The estimation results of CO2 emission in different sections of the canal during its operation show that the average emission level of the whole canal is about 1.9t/km, and the emission in northern Jiangsu is relatively large, especially in Huaiyin-Huai 'an section, which reaches 3.4 1t/km.
2.5 the impact of solid waste
It is predicted that in 20 10 and 2020, the total amount of domestic waste generated by ships in various sections of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal will reach 2,360 tons and 298 1 ton respectively, and some sections with high ship density will generate 4 to 6 tons of domestic waste per kilometer. Generally speaking, due to the limited amount of planned ship waste relative to the total amount of domestic waste generated in cities and towns along the line, the implementation of the plan has little pressure on solid waste treatment in cities and towns along the line. As long as the existing and planned garbage disposal facilities are well used to ensure their normal operation, the demand for solid waste disposal after the implementation of the plan can be met.
Waterways, shiplocks, bridges and other projects may also produce a lot of engineering spoil, which will cause vegetation destruction and soil erosion if not handled properly. It should be comprehensively utilized, and waste soil should be applied to channel embankment, engineering construction, road and farmland reconstruction, etc. For the dredged soil in the lake area, the waste soil outside the lake should be used for disposal.
2.6 socio-economic impact
The implementation of this plan will have a positive impact on the economic development along the route. The implementation of the plan will further stimulate the development of resources along the route, provide strong support for economic exchanges in the region, and will also help promote the development of the economic belt along the route.
The planning will promote the development of port industries along the Yangtze River in the region, which will have a far-reaching impact on the regional industrial layout, and help enterprises along the Yangtze River to make full use of the shipping advantages of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and gain obvious advantages in market competition. On the other hand, the development trend of industrial layout along the river will also lead to new environmental problems, especially the construction and operation of high-pollution industries such as energy and chemicals in coastal areas, which will also have a certain negative impact on the environmental quality of the canal.
The canal channel construction proposed in this plan will form a number of new waterfront landscapes in cities and rural areas along the route, further improve the living environment on both sides of the strait, and be conducive to the linear space tourism development of the canal itself.
2.7 Impact on Cultural Relics Protection
The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is a magnificent project, which has experienced many processes such as planning, excavation, dredging, regulation, reconstruction and expansion for more than 2,500 years. The course of the canal has been changing constantly in history. The shipping culture of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is the foundation of the canal culture, and the development of shipping is an important source of cultural relics along the canal. The protection of the canal culture can not only be aimed at the canal itself, but also must consider the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and its cultural relics as an organic whole. The construction of canal channel must consider the demand of regional traffic and the coordination with the protection of coastal cultural relics, so as to make the multi-culture of the canal continue smoothly.
At present, the investigation of cultural relics along the Jiangsu section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal has been basically completed, and the Shandong section and Zhejiang section are still in progress. During the implementation of this plan, the protection countermeasures and measures should be formulated in strict accordance with the requirements of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics and relevant laws and regulations, aiming at the cultural relics that may be affected in the corresponding project construction stage, so as to effectively protect the newly discovered cultural relics in the project construction and minimize the adverse effects brought by the implementation of the plan.
2.8 Environmental Risk Impact
The probability of pollution accidents of inland shipping vessels is relatively small. But once it happens, it will cause great pollution to the waters, and similar accidents have happened many times in China, causing serious consequences. According to the analysis of ship traffic flow and ship type development, the waters of Liu Shan (Dawangmiao)-Shiqiao section in northern Jiangsu, Licaohekou-Huguan section in Tenzin of Sunan Canal, and Shihuitou-Rihui Bridge section in Zhejiang are the waters with high incidence of ship pollution accidents in Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. The maximum leakage of oil spill accident is about100t. The prediction results show that after the ship pollution accident with 100 ton oil spill, the oil film pollution length along the channel will reach 89.2km without taking any measures. Oil film pollution along the line not only leads to the water quality exceeding the standard, but also reduces the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water, causing devastating pollution to aquatic animals and plants in Hanoi.
At present, the main chemicals transported in the canal are methanol, sulfuric acid, coal tar and liquid alkali. Most of the above items are harmless, but if toxic substances such as benzene and phenol fall into the water due to a ship accident, when the amount dissolved in the water reaches 50 tons, a wide range of extremely heavy pollution will occur in the sea area near the accident source, and the impact distance can reach 23 ~ 37 kilometers; The downstream water body is affected by moderate and light pollution for 38~63km, resulting in large-scale and long-term water pollution with serious consequences.
2.9 Environmental mitigation measures
The environmental mitigation measures proposed by this EIA for the implementation of the plan include the construction of environmental pollution prevention and control system, the countermeasures for the construction of ecological waterway and the emergency measures for environmental risks. The environmental pollution prevention and control system includes three aspects: water pollution prevention, environmental air pollution prevention, environmental noise pollution prevention and solid waste treatment. The countermeasures of ecological waterway construction include strengthening ecological protection, ecological revetment construction, intensive utilization of resources, ecological compensation measures, building artificial wetlands and strengthening landscape design and construction. Environmental risk emergency measures are mainly to put forward targeted suggestions for emergency treatment of oil spill accidents.
2. 10 planning scheme optimization and adjustment suggestions
(1) As there are waterway projects planned on the east and west sides of Nansihu District, the implementation of the project may have a great impact on Nansihu District Nature Reserve and Aquatic Germplasm Reserve. It is suggested that during the implementation of the construction project, the navigation route should bypass the nature reserve and the aquatic germplasm reserve as much as possible, and it is forbidden for construction ships to discharge pollutants and throw mud in the reserve, and the accident schedule should be arranged reasonably, and effective measures should be taken to minimize the impact on the reserve.
(2) In the process of waterway construction planning and implementation, strengthen the planning of related environmental risks, ecological waterway construction and other supporting facilities to ensure that no major environmental accidents occur in the process of waterway construction planning and implementation, and the development of waterway resources is based on harmony and green, ensuring the integration of waterway development with regional ecological restoration and tourism resources development.
3 General conclusion of evaluation
The waterway construction planning of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal (20 1 1-20 15) is in line with the national strategy of sustainable development and building an integrated transportation system. The planning itself fully considers the current navigation bottleneck of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, and puts forward feasible construction goals and targeted construction plans through different types of construction projects. On the premise of fully implementing the environmental protection measures proposed in the planning and the mitigation measures proposed in this report, the adverse impact of the implementation of the construction planning scheme can be controlled at a low level, and it will not have a significant impact on the ecological environment, sensitive protection targets and water quality along the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Therefore, from the perspective of environmental protection, planning is feasible.
However, there are many cultural relics along the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, many of which have not yet been excavated. Cultural relics and historical sites may be found in the construction projects such as navigation channels, shiplocks and bridges proposed in the plan, and the cultural relics protection department must be notified in time to take protective measures. At the same time, the construction operation will produce a certain amount of temporary and permanent land occupation, which will aggravate the shortage of land resources along the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and should be highly valued. In addition, environmental protection measures should be properly improved in the planning, the types and scale of dangerous goods transported by the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal should be restricted, and the risk of environmental pollution should be reduced.
4. The specific content, participation form and contact information of soliciting opinions.
The public can put forward suggestions or opinions on the environmental impact report of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal waterway construction plan on whether the evaluation content is accurate and comprehensive, whether the evaluation conclusion is reasonable and whether there are other environmental problems in this plan. Feedback can be given to the planning entrusting unit or EIA unit by telephone or fax.