Seal character

Ten-fold seal script is a very special seal script. It turned out to be a popular "national seal" font in the Song Dynasty. It is mainly used for seal cutting, stroke folding and bending, even and symmetrical. The number of folds of each word depends on the complexity of strokes, including five folds, six folds, seven folds, eight folds, nine folds and ten folds. It is called "nine stacks" because "nine is the last number, and there are many words."

A 10% discount on seal script is not necessarily a 10% discount, but a 60%, 70% and 10% discount. It depends on the complexity of printing strokes. 10% discount describes how much discount there is. Founded in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Gan Yun's "Seal Collection" said: "The official seal of Zhou Dynasty is 10% off Zhu, mainly Qu Pingman, not Qin and Han Dynasties." [ 1][2]

English: Biography of Ming Dynasty and Nine Dynasties

Introduction: A very special seal script.

Pop Age: Song Dynasty

Reason: Nine is the end of the number, with many words.

Although the ten-fold article has not changed in reality and its packaging is perfect, the one with higher artistry still has something to do. Ten-fold seal script is not as complicated and technical as bird and insect seal script, but relatively simple and straightforward, and easier to use. Qian Shoutie once carved "Ten Thousand Waters Come to Qian Shan", Qian Juntao once carved "Loushanguan", Chen Julai once carved "Wuyi", and many Indians also dabble in it today.

First of all, we should pay attention to the choice of words when creating a 10% discount seal script. If there are few strokes, you can't print more once, otherwise you will easily throw them in the flat; Secondly, pay attention to the singularity of composition, seek emptiness in reality, and subtle changes in reality can sometimes get unexpected results; The third requirement is that the lines should be vast and old, and win with texture. Smooth lines are often easy to process; The fourth chapter is a move to break the law moderately and deliberately. In addition, the creation of Baiwenyin of Jiudui is the first time that the official seal of Jiudui has no Bai Wen since Sui and Tang Dynasties. Although immature, there are quite a few people. And because of the actual situation of the composition, it is up to you to decide which word is 67 or 89.

Among the numerous versions of Bao Tong coins in the Huang and Song Dynasties, one coin commonly known as "Jiudui Huang and Song seal script" is particularly precious. Ten-fold printing is also called printing, which was not available in Qin and Han Dynasties. It has been used in official seals since the Tang and Song Dynasties. The ten-fold seal script is based on Xiao seal script. The strokes are repeatedly folded, circled and folded, and the vertical and horizontal directions are stippled to fill the blank parts and achieve unity. "Smooth and full" is the biggest feature of the ten-fold seal script method. The number of folds, the number of folds of each word, depends on the complexity of the strokes, including 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 10%. Call it a 10% discount, "Nine has a number of tails and many words", and describe how many discounts it has. Ten-fold seal script prevailed in Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, and has continued to this day. When this "Nine Reprints" was used in Qian Wen, among thousands of ancient coins, "Song Emperor Bao Tong" was only an isolated case, so it was regarded as a rare treasure by collectors in past dynasties. As for the casting background of Huang, Song and Jiu reprints, numerologists generally think that this coin is "sample money" or "furnace money" and should not be a real currency.

What kind of seal is a 10% discount seal? Ten-fold seal is a unique style of seal script used for seal cutting and seal cutting, which was first seen in Song Dynasty. The biggest feature of this seal cutting style focuses on the strokes, which gives people the first intuitive feeling that the strokes are evenly folded, the strokes are square and full of printing surfaces. The number of folds depends on the complexity of the strokes. More than 10% discount, 10% discount is the end. Nine-fold printing is to engrave the official seal in the form of nine-fold printing, which prevailed in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and continues to this day with Zhu Wen's outstanding nine-fold strokes.

Song and Jin dynasties

China's seal script has undergone many changes. The eight-style version of Qin Dynasty and the six-style version of Han Dynasty are recorded in clear text, which has had a far-reaching impact on the development of seal script. During the Song and Jin Dynasties, overlapping words appeared in seal script, which was called nine overlapping seals. However, there are still many questions about the system, the origin of its name and the source of its characteristic interwoven shape. ? [3]?

The development of seal characters in ancient and modern times is from checking printing to paper silk, from female to male, and the printing surface is from small to large. The use of Zhu seal in Sui and Tang Dynasties promoted the great changes of seal composition. Since the Song Dynasty, the writing style of Zhu Wen's printed face has been obviously improved, from sparse to dense, neat and compact, with even strokes, regular horizontal and vertical strokes, and some words and strokes twisted repeatedly, forming a multi-stroke printed face.

The use of overprint in the Northern Song Dynasty is recorded in historical records. Song Taizu gande three years (965), the central government and the capital changed to casting reprint. "Six Records of the Imperial House in the History of Song Dynasty": "In the third year of Germany, Taizu wrote to recast the Chinese Book Gate, the Privy Council and the Third Division Seal. First of all, the old seal was cast in five dynasties, and seal cutting is not alive. The printing officials in the middle of Shu wished tenderness, and said that their ancestors thought that the printing officials in the Tang Dynasty learned Miao printing, that is, the so-called "twists and turns, exactly the same as the seal" in Hanshu Yiwenzhi. Enoch thought is like Shu, and descendants are Shu people. The natural platform, the province, the temple, the prison, the Kaifeng House and the Xingyuan Yin Yin all made it warm and cast. " In the first year of Song Huizong Daguan (1 107), the Jade Emperor carved six seals, which were also seals. "Six Records of Jade Fu in the History of Song Dynasty": "In the first year of Daguan, I got jade work again, and Yuanfeng used the emperor's six seals.

After the change of Jingkang, Baoyin in the Northern Song Dynasty was robbed and the central government office was completely destroyed. Most of these seals were lost and disappeared, and only sporadic ones survived. Handed down from ancient times, the words "Neifu Shu Yin" are all crooked repetitions, in which the word "Zhi" is 13% off and the word "Yin" is 10% off, which is reserved for overlapping pens. Lan Shu, Jilin Province has a collection of gold seals from the Northern Song Dynasty, which are said to have been plundered by the Jin people. "Seal under the door of Zhongshu", under the door of Zhongshu is the central yamen, and this seal is also a seal. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the inscription seal "Yiyang Discovered in Danyang, Jiangsu Province" was also overprinted, in which the word "Yi" was 30% off, and all other words were overprinted. These three seals are similar in style, with thick strokes and a combination of rigidity and softness. The "seal of the book in the inner government" is particularly exquisite, showing the royal style. There is no record of reprinting the general official seal in Historical Records. Judging from the huge number of official seals of the Song Dynasty found in various places, although there are occasional heavy pens, they do not constitute a system. For example, the inscription "Guihua Zuo Cao's First Military Envoy" unearthed in Changli, Hebei Province was unearthed no later than the seventh year of Kaibao (974), and the inscription "Hua" overlapped on the left, while the first stroke under the word "Cao", the left stroke of the inscription and the word "Japan" became the word "Ji" in the empty frame, on the contrary, the upper strokes were simplified. In the fifth year of Emperor Renzong's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty (1027), Zhu Ji, the fourth deputy governor, was found in Gaoqu Township, Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province. Only the last stroke was folded back and forth, and the four paintings on the upper part were folded, Zhu obviously, only twice. The official seals of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty generally do not overlap. For example, in the Northern Song Dynasty, the commander-in-chief of ten armies was always victorious, the second commander-in-chief was Zhu Ji, and the fourth commander-in-chief was Hou Yu. There are no overlapping pens. The "Seal of Audit Office of Fu Xuan Disposal Bureau with the Army" found in the West Lake of Hangzhou in the 4th year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 130) has not been copied. On this basis, Zeng Guangqing pointed out that it seems inappropriate to refer to the official seal of the Song Dynasty as nine copies in some articles. Judging from the documents and objects found, the overprint system in Song Dynasty is limited to the emperor seal, title seal, central official seal and Beijing official seal, and the number of overprint pens in a few official seals is small, which is not within the scope of overprint.

Reduplication was widely used in the official seal of Jin Dynasty. Many official seals of the Jin Dynasty have been found in various places, especially in Hebei Province. The official seals of the Jin Dynasty were all overlapped. For example, the seal of Yuan Shuaifu in the early Jin Dynasty, the seal of Shen Jia Marshal House in Baoding, the seal of Chengde Marshal House and Baoding Marshal House, the seal of Northwest Marshal House in Longhua Xing 'an, the seal of Tang County, the seal of Huailai Yixian Deputy System, and the seal of Shandong Province were found in Chengde. There are several points worthy of attention in the official seal of the Jin Dynasty: 1. All official seals, without exception, have overlapping pens 2. Each seal does not overlap each word. For example, the word "feng" in March into Thousands of Households does not overlap with the word "feng" in The Seal of Shandong Road. 3. The same seal is different. For example, "Du Tong Yin" is different from the overlapping pens found in Tangxian and Inner Mongolia.

The records of overprint system in Song and Jin Dynasties are very limited, especially the specific methods of overprint are vague. According to the actual situation, it can be speculated that the processing method of overlapping words at least includes four aspects:

First, a straight line changes into a curve. By inflecting a straight line, relatively simple lines become complicated and sparse strokes become dense. This is the main sign of overprint, and the so-called 20% discount and 10% discount are subject to this. The seal of the book in the Northern Song Dynasty is a typical example. The words "inside", "inside" and "sealing" are superimposed on the extension of the tail end. The word "fu" in the word "fu", "inch" is the extension of the tail pen, and "full" is to turn two straight lines into parallel curves. We can find a rule that the larger the printing surface, the more folds, the fewer words and the more folds. "Marshal's official seal", "Yuan" and "Handsome"; The words "official seal of the governor", "yuan" and "handsome"; The word "Marshal's Seal for Military Supervision" is six, the word "Yuan" is three times and the word "Shuai" is four times; The word "Marshal House's Military and Political Supervision Seal" is six words, the word "Yuan" is two folds, and the word "Shuai" is three folds.

Second, the single line becomes a double line. For example, the bronze seal at the end of gold unearthed in Xingming Township, Cangshan, Shandong Province, is superimposed on it: "Vice Captain Hu Weiyin". The words "Spring in the first month of Renchen Year" are carved on the right side, and the word "Shang" is engraved on the button. There is a stroke missing above the word "seal", and the word "Tian" in the word "vice" is written as a double hook "ten".

Third, change the structure. It is a common phenomenon to change the structure in order to increase the pen pile or to facilitate the handling of the pen pile. For example, the two military seals of the Jin Dynasty are the same, one is neat, the other is rough, and the glyph and overlapping pen are different. Among them, the word "supervisor", the word "vegetable" in the lower part of the former is like "Asia", and the word "witch" in the latter is written differently. Only the change of strokes affects the change of the whole structure. For example, in the "Military Seal of Marshal House", the lines under the word "seal" are in the opposite direction, which is convenient for stacking.

Fourth, reduce the use of strokes. Some words with many strokes have no overlapping space. Just use its variant characters, whether it's vulgar or ancient, as long as there are few strokes. For example, in the Jin Dynasty, the word "ten thousand" was used in the publication of marching ten thousand households, while the word "ten thousand" was used in the publication of ten thousand households, instead of "ten thousand", and "number" was used in the popular style. The former has no overlapping strokes because there are many strokes, while the latter has few strokes and all have overlapping strokes. The key to the ten-fold seal script is to increase the number of strokes to balance the density, so the means are diversified.

The overprint in the Song Dynasty, though not called General Official Printing, became the official seal format of Liao and Xixia. Qidan script and Xixia script are national scripts created in the form of Chinese characters, which are closely related to Chinese characters. They still use some systems of Chinese characters, such as regular script, seal script and cursive script, and seal script is also used in printing. The official seal of the Khitan language in Liao Dynasty, such as the large-character seal of the Khitan found in Fengcheng, Liaoning Province, and the official seal of Xixia language in Xixia, was "printed in the fifth year of Chen Wu". For example, the official seal of Basiba in the Yuan Dynasty, such as Dongguang in Hebei Province, discovered that in the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty, the Ministry of Calligraphy and Ritual ordered "the deputy commander of the Guards to take charge of the seal". They all imitate the system of the Song Dynasty and are wrapped with overlapping seal characters, which looks like Chinese. Ten-fold seal was used in China seal in Yuan Dynasty, and the characters were basically the same as the official seal in Jin Dynasty, so we can know the inheritance relationship between them. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, overprint has actually become a symbol of official seal.

In the Ming Dynasty, the system of official seal overlapping was perfected. When Chenghua was in the Ming Dynasty, Lu Rong's Garden Miscellanies (Volume 15) said: "At this time, the seal of the civil and military government was made of silver for one product and two products, and copper for three to nine products. The width of the square is different, and everyone has a certain degree of discretion. But the jade seal is much smaller than his seven-level yamen. It is made of iron and has nine stacks of seal characters. " "Four Records of Imperial Mansions in the History of Ming Dynasty": A hundred officials wrote letters, and the top grade was from the nine grades. Those who didn't even enter the stream wrote, "All buttons are straight, and nine stacks of seals are written." And "other civil and military ministers, those who have a collar and are heavy, or give a bronze pass, directly deduct it ... nine stacks of seals."

In the twenty-third year of Hongwu's reign, he "patrolled a certain place in An to supervise the imperial history". "The bronze seal is straight, with eyes, one inch and five points square, three points thick and eight folds of seal characters". The name of the imperial seal in eight folds is only seen in Ming history. It's really hard to distinguish between the eight stacks and the nine stacks, and the actual operation is not easy. So far, no such eight stacks of seals have been found. I'm afraid it was only used during the Hongwu period, but it was later abolished. In the official history of the Ming Dynasty, the name "Nine-fold seal script" appeared, and the meaning of "Nine-fold seal script" has many rhetoric. In the Wanli period, Shen Defu wrote Ye Huo Li Bian's Yin Style in Er Fu: If a courtier seals a letter, a civil and military yamen with one product and two products can use silver, and copper can be used below the third product. However, according to the size of the style, there are high and low. Although the two Beijing stamps are three products, the seals are also silver, and it is also very important to be rich and short. There are nine stacks of seal characters on it, and I don't know what it means to take the meaning. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, there was no such seal script, which was created by this dynasty. Does it mean using nine? Shen Defu only knows the dynasty, but he doesn't know that the method of overlapping words has been popular since the Song Dynasty. It is pure speculation that "using nine for dry yuan" means that nine overlap. Press, "Dry One Classical Chinese": "Dry Yuan uses nine, and the world governs." Zhu Benyi: "Jundao is firm and soft, and there is no medicine in the world." Nine-fold seal script, soft with twist, extremely soft words. It shows that the masculinity of Jundao dominates the femininity of liegeman, so the world is the rule. However, Shen Defu's statement has shown that "nine" is not a real number.

the Ming Dynasty

Printed in the Ming Dynasty, the number of official seals has nothing to do with the level of official positions. Eight stacks were selected for the imperial history only to distinguish it from other official seals and show its special status. The twelfth example of Yao Yan's "Continued Thirty-five Games" in Qing Dynasty said: "The official seal of later generations will be 10%, 20% and 30% off. They are all Zhu Wen's and privately printed. Nine stacks are also called upper seals. Liu Chang said, "Take dry yuan, use nine meanings and 20% discount, and use it as the imperial seal of the Ming Dynasty. Take Tang Taiyi, eight seals, 30% off, for daily use. "In the Ming Dynasty, there was no evidence of other overlapping characters except' Eight Overlaps'. There were many official seals in the Ming Dynasty. Luo's "Introduction to Ancient Seals" contains three official seals of nine-fold seal scripts in Ming Dynasty, all of which are square seals of grade nine or above. One of the "He Tun Wiki Imperial Seal" is the seventh year of Yongle (1409), with number 43. It was unearthed in Tao An, Jilin on 1974. Archaeological discoveries are numerous everywhere. For example, the bronze seal of Ming Dynasty found in Haote City, Hulunbeier League, Inner Mongolia, with the inscription "Seal of Commander Li Shanwei" and the left side of the round handle engraved with "Made by Danielle" and "October 4th of Yongle". Lixian County, Hunan Province was collected from Zhu, the king of the Tang Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty, and gave Huayang Jingyi. On the surface, it is printed with "Seal of Huayang Dawang Town Office", and on the back, it is engraved with regular script "Gift to Chen Wang on the eighth day of May of the second year of Longwu".

During the retreat of Erhai Lake in Dali, Yunnan, the official seals of the Wei Institute in the Ming Dynasty were often found, with as many as 28 squares of 1986. Except for the first year of Yongle (1403), the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494) and the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), the nine-fold seal is the year stamp of Hongwu, the earliest being the sixteenth year of Hongwu (1383), and the latest being Jiajing IV. It is worth noting that the stroke spacing of the seal is balanced, and horizontal lines are often seen on the surface of the seal, which is similar to the Basiba seal of the Yuan Dynasty. After processing, the strokes are simply superimposed, such as "Hu" changing from a straight line to a broken line, such as "Erhaiwei right thousand households and hundreds of households", and the same word is superimposed on a printing surface. In this seal, the "household" of the bank "thousand households" is divided into four horizontal lines, and the "household" of "ten thousand households" is divided into six horizontal lines. Even the parts that are not suitable for modification overlap, such as the word "Li" in White Tiger Seal in the Right Front of Dali Wei, in which the left side of "Wang" extends upward with the last horizontal pen, and the right and left sides of "Li" overlap with four short horizontal lines, forming a pattern similar to the whole word. Although the seal of the Ministry of Wei in Dali is 10% off, the word "Li" is written in the middle next to the word "Wang", and there is no superposition of the first two. It's exactly the same as the word "seal" In Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, Hunan Province, a thousand seals of the Ming Dynasty "Huguang Jingzhou Shoucheng Buhu Zhang" were found, which was a thousand seals of the Ming Hongzhi period. This kind of seal is neat and rigorous, no matter how many strokes per word, it occupies the same space, and the distance between each stroke is exactly equal. It is one of the masterpieces of Jiuzhong seal script. Feng Tongxiang, Jiashan County, found that "the Prime Minister Huai Shui Salt Law also supervises the military customs" in Nanming, and the right side of the seal was engraved with "April Day of the first year of Hong Guang (1645)" and the left side was engraved with "Made by the Ministry of Rites". This printed page has wide margins, dense fonts and thick strokes. Except for "Jiang" and "Fang", most of the figures only overlap slightly, and "salt", "law", "Du" and "Guan" do not overlap at all.

Collect local seals from Tibet and Qinghai in the Ming Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yongle (1407), there were two sets of "Dogan Wei as the commander's envoy seal", with nine overlapping seals and strong lines, which were later called iron line seal. In the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), Wu Yin was printed on Funiu Island, with nine stacks of seal characters, with thick and angular strokes. In the fourth year of Yongle (1406), Fu Niu Yu printed "Wu Chan Shi Wang Yin" (Figure 26), with nine stacks of seal, line seal, bilateral seal, thick frame and thin frame. In the 11th year of Yongle (14 13), camel's new golden seal "teaches Wang Yin" is also a generous seal. In the second year of Xuande (1427), the ivory seal was "really repaired". Wireframe, regular font, circle in square, similar to later chapters. In the 22nd year of Chenghua (1486), he painted gold and bronze seal "Wu Guanghui Fajingjue Temple Yi Shan Guo Yanjiao Ding Jie Xi Tian Fozi Guo Da Lithography". The printed words are scattered in size and even in strokes {2 1}. Both seals have nine overlapping seals, but there are few overlapping pens. The official seal characters in the Ming Dynasty basically inherited the overlapping system since the Song Dynasty, which has the characteristics of the times. First of all, strictly follow the font structure of traditional seal script, and abandon the official seal of Song and Jin Dynasties, which is contrary to the text structure and has various bizarre writing styles. Secondly, the space occupied by each character in printed matter is equal and the size is the same, and the stroke density of each character is uniform, regardless of the number of strokes. Greatly reduce the size of scattered words, make the spacing of each word equal as much as possible, and make the text arrangement more orderly. Thirdly, the neatly arranged fonts are rigorous, the strokes are Fiona Fang, and the new iron wire seal is as fine as unscathed and meticulous. In short, the nine-fold seal script of Ming Dynasty has been greatly improved in all aspects.

"History of Song Dynasty Yu" clearly records that the seal script of Miao nationality in Han Dynasty adopts the method of overlapping seal script, which is "winding and sealing". Mainly due to the rules and regulations. Zhu Wen's seal script has a large printing surface and few characters, or some characters in the seal script have few strokes, so different overlapping strokes need to be added according to the situation. No matter in the Song and Jin Dynasties, these characters with few strokes always overlap, and the so-called overlapping seal characters are mainly reflected in these characters. Judging from the four methods of overprinting in Song and Jin Dynasties, it is necessary to balance the printing surface and deal with overprinting. Tidy up the official seal of the Ming Dynasty, and make full use of overlapping words and strokes to adjust the size of words and the density of strokes, so that the seal is even and full. The Qing dynasty inherited the system of the Ming dynasty. Gan's "Seal Collection" says: "The national seal is cast with a 10% discount, and the music is mainly flat and full." It is pointed out that the function of nine-fold seal is the fullness and smoothness of printing surface. The style formed by the official seal characterized by overlapping pens has obvious distinguishing function. The confrontation between Jin and Song Dynasties, the split between the north and the south, and the seal script of the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty are obviously different and can be distinguished. Similarly, the official seal and the folk seal of Do can be completely separated. On the one hand, printed songs are difficult to identify and easy to keep secret. On the other hand, the words are dense and unusual, which makes people respect and have a sense of majesty.

Ten-fold seal script is a very special seal script, not the original style of seal script. Its source is rarely discussed.

In The History of Song Dynasty, Yu Fuzhi, an official who made seals in yunshu, said that his ancestors were officials who made seals in Tang Dynasty, and he learned from Miao Zhuan, suggesting that Jiu Dui Zhuan originated from Miao Zhuan in Han Dynasty. The meaning of Miao seal in Han dynasty is controversial, and there is no credible conclusion so far. But when we look back at the actual situation of Chinese seal, it is just that the printed text is square and full, and we don't see any overlapping words, so it is not objective to think that the overlapping seal characters are based on Miao seal characters. Yuan Wu Qiu Yan pointed out a long time ago: "There were copied seals in the Han Dynasty, and the only method was block letters, which were associated with official seals. It is ridiculous that future generations don't know the ancient seal and think it is the law. " The connection between overprint and Miao seal has been categorically denied.

Before the Song Dynasty, there was a winding method of seal script, and overlapping strokes was a mature calligraphy skill, which spread widely. In the eastern suburb of Luoyang, Zheng (the regime of Wang Jianli at the end of Sui Dynasty) carved the words "Mrs. Meng" and "Fu" with overlapping pens in the shape of ".". The Epitaph of Emperor Gaozong in the 3rd year of Shang Dynasty (676) found in Wang Hui's tomb in Changzhi, Shanxi, is written in regular script with soft strokes and neat handwriting. The inscription on the folk seal script Epitaph of Tang Wangjun is a double-hook font with square strokes. There are many overlapping pens in the word structure, and the two ends of the horizontal painting are short and vertical, or short and vertical, and the mouth is mountain-shaped, in which the vertical pen in the middle is long like the mouth, Tang, Wang, tomb, branch and branch. It can be seen that the history of overlapping pens is quite long, at least in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. However, the scale of overprint in Tang dynasty was not large, which had nothing to do with official seal, and there was no direct inheritance relationship between them.

The overlapping seal in Song and Jin Dynasties is very similar to the Taoist seal at that time, which reflects the very close relationship between them. The bronze seal of "Zhidu Seal" unearthed from Luoyang Locomotive Works. There are two lines and six Chinese characters on the seal, which are square and interspersed with the Big Dipper. This seal is also included in the volume "On the Return of Shangqing Shutianyuan". This is a round cloud seal. The shape of the font is distorted and difficult to recognize. It is worth noting that it is called "overlapping seal". Moire wrote: "The rich capital always takes pictures of the signers and seals the soldiers. The owner of this seal can manage the three worlds in the world. Ghosts and gods, city gods, and country officers and soldiers all have errands. No matter how high or low, they are all printed with admiration. Just like the life of God in heaven, evil spirits are falling. If the marshals are not allowed to print this, it will be difficult to use the ghost warrior. The printing width is two inches and two minutes, the square is eight minutes thick, and it is printed in six words, making two lines of overlapping printing. " Zhao Zhenhua said: "Taoist seal or imitation of the official seal system and style of the government at that time, the tortuous and smooth nine-fold seal seal and narrow-edge seal seal are the Song Dynasty." Comparing the Taoist seal of the Song Dynasty with the official seal of the Jin Dynasty, the appearance is similar. For example, the wooden character beside the word "she" in the above two Taoist seals and the word "miscellaneous" in the first year of "Bao Ding Ji Jin Ai Zong (1224)" have also been changed into two overlapping words. In the third year (1 163) when Baoding received Jin Dading, the characters "Zhuo" and "Du" were deformed greatly, which was the same as Taoist seal cutting. The bronze seal was found in Wannian Village, Jianyang, Sichuan, and Yang Wen's seal script "Tao Jing Shi Bao" was carved in Taoism. Both sides of the button are engraved with the words "Zheng De San nian" (1508) and "congenital" casting respectively. This is a rare Taoist seal with a clear date. The glyphs are still overlapping characters, which do not follow the structural deformation of characters, such as the word "Dao", the right side of the word "Jing" and the word "Shi". They are all different from the common seal script, and at the same time they are overlapping characters, which are different from the official seal characters in Ming Dynasty, but similar to the overlapping character structure in Song and Jin Dynasties. The variation of the destruction structure of Taoist seal script is very close to the overprint of Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, especially Jin Dynasty. There are three possible reasons for this state: first, Taoist seal imitates official seal, second, official seal imitates Taoist seal, and third, the two are homologous. I think the last homologous one is more realistic.

The secret book of Taoism is a kind of religious writing, which originated from the folk customs in the Eastern Han Dynasty and has long parted ways with the popular book. Wen Fu of Han Dynasty is an early secret edition, which is characterized by the same overlapping words (mainly "Japanese"). In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, a secret script of seal script-Yun seal script was formed, which was developed on this basis. The characteristic of Yunzhuan is that it destroys the original structure of the characters, and the strokes come and go, like auspicious clouds. The seal of Yun seal developed greatly in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and became an important form of Taoist secret writing, such as the tomb of Zhen unearthed from the tombs of Tang and Song Dynasties. Many places were found in Wen Zhen's tomb. A combination named "Three Astronomies of Lingbao Chi Di" was unearthed in the tomb of Wu Sansi, the King of Liang in Xianyang in the Tang Dynasty. Xi' an Pangliu Village, the sixth daughter of Tang Shouwang, the main tomb of Qingyuan County, unearthed a full set of five tombstones. The headstones of the two towns were found in Tangqiaoling, Puxian County, Shaanxi Province, and are also called "gallstones in Nanzhen" and "gallstones in Xizhen". The history of Wen Zhen Town in Song Dynasty was concentrated in the late Northern Song Dynasty, with Huizong Dynasty as the most. In 1950s, the Song tombs in the suburbs of Chengdu were continuously discovered. Eight tombs were unearthed in Xuanhe at the earliest and Shaoxing at the latest. 1984 Two authentic headstones were unearthed from the tomb of Zhang Que and his wife in the Northern Song Dynasty in Chengdu, 1996, seven authentic headstones were unearthed from the tomb of Song Dynasty in Shiyang Township, Chengdu, and seven authentic headstones were unearthed from the tomb of Song Dynasty in the northern suburb of Chengdu in the sixth year of Xuanhe (1996). The two tombs of Song and Jing couples in the Northern Song Dynasty in Chengdu are 10 square meter, east, south, west, north and middle, each with five squares. According to the epitaph, he was born in the first year of Yuanfeng in Song Zhezong (1078) and died in the sixth year of Xuanhe in Hui Zong (1 124).

The overlapping characters on stone carvings in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the authentic works in Tang and Song Dynasties, the secret seal of Taoism, and the overlapping characters in Song and Jin Dynasties all came from Taoist cloud seal. The handwriting of Yunzhuan is hard to recognize, and the strokes are stacked. At first glance, all the articles are wrapped in clouds and fog. It is characterized by deformation, and the methods include increasing pens, decreasing pens and changing parts. , and use a lot of overlapping pens. For example, the word "one" can be folded seven times, and the word "eight" can be folded four times left and six times right. Such figures are specially introduced in the Taoist scriptures.

The official seal borrows the secret script or directly borrows the Taoist seal, but the Taoist cloud seal changes greatly randomly, and it will be unrecognizable if copied. Since the Song and Jin Dynasties, the overlapping characters of official seals have eliminated those methods of excessive variation and basically maintained the framework of seal script. Therefore, the overprint comes from Yunyin, but unlike Yunyin, it can be identified and there is no problem of interpretation. Xixia, Qidan and Basiba are all forms of overlapping seal script, because these characters are not as complicated as Chinese characters in structure and have fewer strokes. In particular, Basiba is an alphabetic character with simple form and complicated overlapping strokes, which cannot be recognized. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Taoism flourished because of the respect of the imperial court, and the use of reprinting had its religious and political background. Secret writing is not ordinary writing. Taoism believes that it has magical power and can exorcise ghosts from the world. The application of overlapping seal in official seal not only gives people a sense of mystery, but also implies the infinite magic of Taoism.