After the establishment of an independent feudal country, the influence of China culture has not been reduced, but has been further strengthened. There are three reasons. First, Vietnam was assimilated by China culture for more than 1000 years before its independence, which laid the foundation for the development of ancient Vietnamese culture; Second, the ruling class after the founding of Vietnam actively absorbed the ideology and culture they needed from China for their own needs; Thirdly, the development of Vietnamese private ownership of land and commodity monetary economy is similar to that of China feudal society, but different from that of Southeast Asian countries at the same time, mainly because its monetary economic policy is based on China's monetary economic policies in previous dynasties, and it is reformed and applied. This provided an economic basis for Vietnamese to absorb China culture.
On the other hand, accepting China culture always shows that "Da Yue" is an independent country and a proud national mentality, which is another important aspect that distinguishes ancient Vietnamese culture from China culture. During the historical period from the independent establishment of the feudal state to the end of the feudal state, Vietnam was far from China's successive governments, but generally speaking, most of the time Vietnam was proud of being the suzerain of China. Especially in A.D. 1454, Emperor Chengzu of China officially awarded Li Xinyu the title of An Nanguo, and the new kings of past dynasties came to power, which can only be regarded as orthodox if they were conferred by the China government. As a barrier to China, the Vietnamese rulers called China King Annan, while at home they called themselves King Yue. Vietnam's currency embodies the above dual characteristics. For example, the coins minted after Vietnam's independence are round coins with square holes in China, and Xingbao, Zhenbao and Dabao in Qian Wen are typical examples.
Xue Qian is the residual vein of historiography. If you want to prove its money, you must predict its history. Vietnam/KLOC-Before the 0/8th century, the official characters of Vietnam used Chinese characters and Nan characters created by Vietnam based on Chinese characters. Chinese characters are used in coins. Since18th century, the French colonists vigorously promoted Vietnamese Chinese Pinyin in Vietnam, and Vietnamese culture gradually separated from the circle of Chinese character culture. And caused the disconnection with China culture. As we all know, Vietnam has been in a state of war and quasi-war for decades since its independence. There are few cultural exchanges between the two countries, and information is even less. China people know little about Vietnamese history, which should be the main reason why many friends have lost interest in many Annan currencies. In recent years, with the reform and opening up of Viet Nam, there have been more and more exchanges with China. In addition, with the rise of money collection fever in China, there are also some works about Annan's money. At present, there are more influential ones in China, such as Vietnam Historical Currency co-edited by Guangxi Yunnan Coin Society and Hua Guangpu's Catalogue of Ancient Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese Coins. The two books are arranged in chronological order. However, unfortunately, after the vote, you can't share the money. The author intends to take Vietnamese history as the key link and money as the purpose to increase readers' interest in Vietnamese historical coins. Collection standards are listed as few, rare, rare and rare, and general products are no longer indicated. This paper is divided into three parts:
Currency minted by orthodox dynasties in past dynasties
1 and .966, the Department of Ding established the Quyue State with the title of Heping State, and established an independent feudal state. History is called the Ding Dynasty. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded 12 years (3 years of Kaibao in Northern Song Dynasty-4 years of Taiping and Xingguo). It is composed of "Tai" and "Ding" to commemorate the country name. There are four versions: open back, top ding, bottom ding and bottom reverse ding. Ding Ding and Di Ding are few, and the rest are few. The casting time of Taiping Xingbao was earlier than that of Taiping Bao Tong, and it was cast in the period of Taiping Xingguo in Song Taizong.
2. In 980, Lê Hoàn abolished the zero independence of the son of Ding Bu. In the 29 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was still called Daqu Yue, which was historically called (the reign of Emperor Yongxi in the Northern Song Dynasty). Cast back the "Li" in Tianfu Town with the treasure. There are few "Li" people, and there are few people who go shirtless.
3. In A.D. 1009, Le Tai T, a former senior official of the Li Dynasty, seized the throne. 1054, renamed the country "Da Yue", known as the Li Dynasty in history. Li Taizu cast the word "Moon" on the back of Shuntian Dabao, with unknown intention, Jane.
Emperor Taizong (Northern Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty) cast Ming Dow ingots and Tiangan ingots. Ming Dow Yuanbao is a real book with powerful words. The last two strokes of the Yuan character were separated and used for the imperial reward. Have iron money, thin. Tiangan Yuanbao is a real book. Those who recite "Dry King" and "Bare Back" are used for the royal prize. The latter is a commemorative coin that Li Taizong cast for his son Jane.
Li Chao * * * After the 8th century, only Taizu and Taizong made money. In the book Historical Currency of Vietnam, the handed down currencies of Tianfu Bao Tong, Dading Bao Tong, Yuanbao and Zhiping still belong to the Li Dynasty according to the year number, but they should be cast in the middle and late period of Vietnam.
4. 1225, assistant minister Chen Cheng staged a coup and forced Li to meditate. Establish the Chen dynasty.
Chen Taizong once built Jianzhong Bao Tong, Zhengping Bao Tong and Junzhen (the first year of Baoqing in the Southern Song Dynasty-the tenth year of Chunyou), while Annan built Zhongyuan as well as Tang Jianzhong. Emperor Taizong also had the title of Yuanfeng. There are many versions of Yuan in Annam Money, but the writing is different from that of Chen Dynasty. Whether the Chen Dynasty cast Yuanfeng Bao Tong remains to be verified in the future.
Long Shao Bao Tong was cast by Chen Shengzong, and the casting was not refined. Everything with a face and a back is precious.
Historical Records of Da Yue contains the record of "the anniversary of casting lead money in November of ten years" by Chen. It should be the beginning of Vietnamese historical officials casting lead money, but I have never seen the real thing. There are two kinds of objects, namely Chen Zhu's Taiyuanbao, which can be divided into two types: back reading and back reading. There are many versions of bare back, but few of them are recited.
Chen Zhu Yuanbao, Yuanbao, Money. There are many editions of Qian for more than two years (from Yuan Dynasty to Mindfulness). Shao Feng Yuanbao has running script, seal script and cursive script, and there is also an official script with "15" written on the back. It should be remembered that year. Rare, nostalgia is precious. Bao Tong's back is rare, and the rest are rare; The official script of Dazhi Yuanbao is rare, and so are others. In Bao Tong, there are people who recite RMB, but also those who choose Chinese characters with both feet (that is, there are very few people called "big branches" in Japan), and others are even more rare.
1369, Chen died childless. Yang Hitachi, an outsider, is his successor, and the year number has been set (2 years of Ming Hongwu). This is with the big Bao Tong, less actors. At this time, the later kings of the Chen Dynasty could not make money because of repeated wars with the southern cities and repeated peasant uprisings at home.
5. 1400, Hu replaced Chen, and the country name was Dayu, which was called in history (the second year of Ming Dynasty). In the first year of Bao Tongzhu Shengyuan, there were two kinds of real seals, few. Later, Hu followed the paper money policy of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and promoted the "Tongbaohui Paper Money" paper money throughout the country, instead of casting money. 1407 China Ming dynasty sent troops to destroy Hu. Set up counties in Vietnam. Viet Nam returned to China. At that time, Hongwu, Yongle, Xuande and Hongzhi coins in China were in circulation.
6. 14 18, Li Li, the landlord of Qinghua, rebelled against the Ming dynasty in country-specific ones in northern Vietnam, forcing the Ming army to withdraw from Vietnam on 1427. 1428, Li Jue finally unified Vietnam, with Hanoi as its capital and Da Yue as its national title, which was called the post-Li Dynasty in history (1428- 1789). In the early post-Li era, the economy developed rapidly and the quality of cast money reached the best level in history. This period is the golden age of Vietnamese history.
During the Shuntian period, Li Taizu cast Shuntian Yuanbao Xiaoping, with regular production and slightly wider money difference. It is different from Shuntian Dabao in the Li Dynasty. Version is divided by text, less.
Li Taizong cast Shao Ping Bao Tong, Dabao Bao Tong and Dabao Bao Tong with rare characters, and other versions are rare.
Li Renzong cast Yamato Bao Tong and Yan Ning Bao Tong. There are many formats, but the Ding Ning version of Yanning cuisine is rare.
1459, LêNghiDan killed his younger brother Injong and usurped the throne. During his one-year reign, he cast the Star Bao Tong, which is extremely exquisite and rare.
1460, ministers overthrew LêNghiDan, and Li Shengzong, the second son of Emperor Taizong, became emperor. Casting with a smooth and smooth treasure map, Hongde Bao Tong, casting is extremely fine, which is the easiest to get in Annan's money.
Li Xianzong cast a master of Bao Tong, exquisite and heavy, with large and small characters. Li Wei Moody's created Bao Tong with Duan Qing, which is thicker and less. Big characters are rare.
Li Xiang Yidi cast Hongshun Bao Tong, which was completed in regular script. Li Zhaozong cast a rare treasure of Ming Dynasty, and his regular script was simple.
1527, Taishi Anxing Wang Mo forced Li to worship the emperor and establish the Mohist regime with Hanoi in northern Vietnam as its capital to control the north. 1533, Ruan Jinyong, the military commander in chief in the last years of the Li Dynasty, established Li Zhao's eldest son Li Ning as Zhuang Lizong in central Vietnam, taking charge of real power against the Mohs. This period in Vietnamese history is called the "Southern and Northern Dynasties" period. 1592, the southern forces defeated the Mohs, ending the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The most chaotic period of currency issuance and circulation in Vietnamese history began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The currencies of Li Dynasty and Mo Dynasty will be introduced respectively:
First, after the end of the Li Dynasty:
1533 Li Houhe, Tongzi, other three-character seal scripts, less. Different from the yen and the dollar. 1573, Jian Zheng, the powerful minister, established Yingzongzi as Sejong, and Sejong cast Jiatai Bao Tong.
Different from Jiatai in the Southern Song Dynasty. 1658, Zongshen paid attention to Yongshou Bao Tong and Yongshou Treasure. There have been many versions of Forever Life Bao Tong that flowed into China, and all of them are common. The treasure of longevity is rare.
There are many versions of Yongsheng, among which "Si" is used to record the year. Baotai Bao Tong is also starring Yuzong. Memorizing versions such as the sun, the moon and the stars, less.
Jingxing, Tang Xianzong year, reigned for forty-six years. During his reign, he opened various money factories, with numerous Qian Wen and editions, comparable to Jiading Iron Money in the Southern Song Dynasty. Bao Tong in Jingxing has many background stories, mainly divided into years and places. Few people remember the years by cadres and branches, and few people remember the years by numbers. Few people are "western", "too", "silk" and "prosperous" In the twenty-third year of Jingxing, the word Bao Tong was changed to miscellaneous treasure. There are "big, spring, eternal, sincere, upright, practical, big, medium, too, internal, smooth and complete" gems, and each kind of treasure is divided into many editions, with words and inscriptions. Among them, "Dabao" is rare in two aspects, "Bao Zhong" is rare, and "inner treasure" is even rarer. During the Jingxing period, Bao Tong coins were minted with dragons, dragons and phoenixes and other auspicious patterns on the back. Seldom give the official casting money.
Juzong has a cast-in-a-bag, with obvious wide edges, many versions and miscellaneous copper. Generally, single words are memorized by rote, and few people recite two words. 1786, Xishan Uprising Army captured Hanoi and overthrew the rule of the post-Li Dynasty. Li Chengzong fled to Guangxi and asked China to intervene. 1788, the Qing court sent Sun Shiyi to send 200,000 troops to Vietnam, and the result was a big defeat. In Vietnam, the Qing army gave the small flat money from Gan Long Bao Tong back to Annan, China, to the army. There are two versions, less.
B. Mo Chao (1527- 1592):
Mo Taizu casts copper coins of Mingde Bao Tong. There are many versions, but few.
Mo Taizong cast Dazheng Bao Tong copper coins, less. Mo Fuhai has a cast of Guanghe Bao Tong, who reads regular script. Sparse. There are a few seal scripts handed down from generation to generation, which should be cast later. The above castings all have the coin shape and finishing style in the middle period of the post-Li Dynasty.
Mo Fuyuan wrote Guangbao Bao Tong, which is read in regular script with wide margins and small thickness.
After the Li Dynasty defeated the Mohs regime, the main generals were Zheng Song and Ruan Huang. After Zheng Song occupied Hanoi in 1592, he took control of the military and political power. Ruan Huangyu 1600 made Hue his capital, and was called the King of Guangnan. Zheng's son of heaven commands the world, and Ruan's son of heaven is diligent. The two sides fought a civil war for decades under the guise of defending the Li Dynasty. 1692, the northern Zheng family stopped attacking Ruan regime because of internal instability. North-South confrontation has once again emerged in Vietnam. The Ruan regime also minted a large number of coins.
7. 177 1 year, under the leadership of Ruan Yue, Ruan Lv and Nguy?n Hu?, southern farmers launched the Xishan Uprising with the slogan of "robbing the rich to help the poor". 1777, Ruan regime perished and descendants of Ruan Huang family fled. 1778 Ruan Yue became king and was named Ted. In the same year, Hue was occupied, and Hanoi was captured in 1786 to unify Vietnam. 1787, Ruan Yue proclaimed himself emperor among the nobles, made Ruan Lu and Nguy?n Hu? king, and divided the whole country into three parts, all ruled by two feet.
First, Ruan Zhuyue has Ted Bao Tong and Mingde Bao Tong. Ted Bao Tong is the annual money, and those who recite cursive script for a long time cast it to celebrate Ruan Yue's proclaimed himself emperor. Mingde Bao Tong is Kyrgyz currency, and its text and version are just like Ted's. Unlike Mo Chaoming, he has less money with zinc. 1793, Ruan Yue was killed in the battle with Nguyn Phuc Anh, and his son joined Ruan Guangzan, the son of Nguy?n Hu?. The Xishan regime has restored its apparent unity.
In BC 1788, Nguy?n Hu? proclaimed himself emperor in Hanoi and established Yuanguang Middle School. The Xishan regime officially split. The following year, China officially canonized him as King Annan. Ruan Youguang Zhonghe Guangzhong Dabao. There are many versions of them, such as memorizing, repeating the wheel, memorizing the characters and memorizing April, but few people in Bao Tong, Guangzhou and China recite Annan's seal script.
C. 1792, Ruan Guangzan, after Ruan, cast Jingsheng, Dabao and Baoxing. Jingsheng Bao Tong imitates light, and its layout is complex and common. Jingsheng years, but also cast Jingxing Bao Tong, a huge cost, very rare. Jingxing has few treasures. Baoxing Tongbao Town
8. 1802, Nguyn Phuc Anh captured Ruan Guangzan with the help of the French, and the Xishan regime perished. Nguyn Phuc Anh established Ruan Chao, the last feudal dynasty in Viet Nam, renamed Jialong, and was known as Sai-jo in history. Kong Chongru, the honorific name of Vietnam's feudal dynasty, reached its peak at the beginning of Ruan. The Jialong Bao Tong copper-zinc coin (then called white lead) cast by Ruan Shizu (Figure 4). Copper coins are divided into many versions according to their size, characters and back characters, and those who recite the "six points" of seal script are copper coins. It is zinc money that recites the "seven points" in regular script. There are few people who recite the seal script "Taiping", which should be Kyrgyz money.
Ruan Shengzu (1820- 184 1) minted copper coins and zinc coins of Bao Tong Xiaoping, and began to mint American bills. The name of the United States is copper and a lot of money, followed by Qian Wen's "Ming Tong Ming Bao". On the back, the words reflecting Confucianism in China's Four Books and Five Classics are selected as inscriptions. There are very few four-character characters. Jia long and Ming dynasty vigorously promoted zinc money, especially Ming dynasty ordered the emperor to "use lead money" Wealthy families are afraid to hide it, while businessmen from neighboring countries are afraid to bring it back. This kind of currency circulation is not only beneficial to the people, but also to the country. Naturally, it is only beneficial. "Economic thought should be inspired by China's monetary policies of lead, iron and money in the Five Dynasties.
Ruan Xianzu (184 1- 1847) cast a few Bao Tong Xiaoping copper coins, zinc coins and American big copper coins. Xiaoping copper coins are common. Zinc money has a back in Hanoi and is rare. A large copper coin the size of the United States is rare.
The Qian family (1848- 1883) has cast several products, such as Bao Tong Xiaoping copper coins, zinc coins, American big copper coins, baby coins on the side and heavy treasures on the side. There are very few people behind the scenes. There are also "six articles" behind Bao Tong Xiaoping, which refer to six zinc coins. Zinc money has a bare back and a criminal record. A large copper coin the size of the United States is rare. What is worth mentioning is the appearance of the Staples paper money. /kloc-in 0/4, Ruan Chao issued a copper-coin-style note in accordance with the issuance method of Qing Xianfeng paper money. * * * is divided into six levels, and the recitation ranges from quasi-ten to quasi-sixty. Proportion also refers to ten to sixty pieces of zinc money. There are two things to see. One is the heavy money cast according to the weight standard of edge 14. One is light money that meets the weight standard of Side 23. Sparse. There are two kinds of people who recite Annan's Eight Chapters, copper and zinc, which are rare.
Ruan Jianzong and Ruan Fuhao (1884) were betrayed by signing the Hue Treaty with the French colonists, and the public and the government were furious. He was deposed by the minister less than a year after he took office. Fu Jian Bao Tong copper coins and zinc coins were cast. Junzhen.
Ruan Yidi Nguyn Phcminh took over in June 1884 and changed her name to Xian Yi. Made of Xian Yi Bao Tong copper coins. Thin and small, with "six words" on the back. Han. Nguy?n Phúc Minh, unwilling to obey the French colonists, launched Hue Uprising on July 5th (1885), but failed due to insufficient preparation. The French put Ruan Fu on the throne of God to celebrate the change of the Yuan Dynasty.
Ruan (1886- 1889) cast Tongqing copper coins with a value of 6 zinc coins and 10 respectively. There are few big ones. There is a thin American name, very rich.
Cheng Tai Di Ruan Fuzhao (1890- 1906) was cast into a Thai Bao Tong, which can be divided into three types: reading back, writing six times and writing ten times. Six writers are rare.
Ruan (1907- 19 16) Wei Xindi has the treasure of Wei Xintong and carries a cross on his back. Ruan was arrested and exiled by French colonists because he didn't want to be a puppet and participated in planning the uprising of Vietnam's Guangfu Association.
Ruan Fuxu (19 16- 1925), the emperor of Ding Qi, had cast copper coins in Bao Tong, Ding Qi. I will invest a lot of money in the future.
Ruan Yongrui, after Bao Di came to power (1926- 1945), Bao Da was voted, including Xiaoping, and he memorized ten articles and mechanisms. Are very common. Among them, the figures in the Song Dynasty are even rarer. 1On August 30th, 945, Baoda surrendered its rights to the representative of Vietnam Independence Union and announced its abdication. The collapse of Emperor Bao marked the end of the last feudal dynasty in Vietnam. At the same time, it also announced that the Chinese character Fang Kongqian officially withdrew from the historical stage of Vietnam.