First, proper preparation skills.
1, knowledge literacy preparation:
The knowledge accumulation, hobbies, experience and accomplishment of the speaker are closely related to the success of the speech. "A clever woman can't cook without rice", and many speakers feel that the biggest difficulty in the speech lies in the lack of speech materials. This requires us to be conscientious, "care about family affairs, state affairs, what's going on in the world and everything", read, collect and accumulate information extensively, study humanities and natural sciences, go up and down, at all times and at home and abroad, and at the same time strengthen our self-cultivation, morality and emotion. This is a long-term, trivial and complicated work. Focus on the following aspects:
(1) Collect more historical materials, remember important historical events and figures, and sort them out;
(2) Collect more realistic data, know all about major political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological events and figures at home and abroad, and think about them;
(3) strengthen memory, famous sayings, proverbs, classical poetry, classic literature, fables, current political comments and so on.
Exercise: Please collect famous sayings, stories, characters and typical examples from all over the world with the theme of "Cherish time", "Dedicate youth", "Cherish life" and "Long live peace".
Please collect 5 ancient and modern poems about affection, love and friendship and recite them.
2. Preparation for field observation:
Speakers should observe as early as possible, be familiar with the speech site, and collect and capture what they have seen and heard at the site in time, including the site environment (time, place, scene layout), audience and other speakers' speeches. , so as to determine their own topics, increase the impromptu factors of the speech.
3, psychological quality preparation:
Since it is emotional, it is necessary to have a stable mood, full confidence and belief in winning, so as to achieve smooth thinking, meaningful speech, full of emotions and calm.
Second, the skills of quick thinking.
Improvisation determines that an impromptu speaker must have strong quick thinking ability. Quick thinking is to organize internal language quickly, which is actually a process of quick creation and memory. Its skills mainly include: three decisions, four thoughts and five borrowing.
Three "fixings": fixing the topic, fixing the viewpoint and fixing the framework.
Set a topic-you have to choose what you want to say, what the audience wants to hear, what you can say and what social life needs;
Fixed viewpoint-to establish a clear, concise, correct, profound, acceptable and reasonable viewpoint;
Fixed frame-two modes:
Cut to the chase: also known as the pyramid. The method is: first show the theme, and then make a more detailed demonstration and analysis of the theme. A winding path leads to a secluded place: also known as Carnegie's "magic formula". The method is: give an example first, then describe the main points and three reasons, and make an argument and analysis.
For example, the comparison of two modes of impromptu speech "to ensure life safety and reduce traffic accidents";
begin
explain
Empirical analysis
(Why? )
final result
(What should I do?)
blunt
What I want to talk about today is: ensuring life safety and reducing traffic accidents.
The causes of traffic accidents are usually as follows: 1, …2, …3, …
Traffic safety is very important, which is not a negotiable issue. We should keep it in mind.
Therefore, to put an end to traffic accidents, we must do: drivers should … pedestrians should … let us all cherish life and obey traffic rules.
winding path leading to seclusions
Last Thursday, 450 shiny coffins specially purchased arrived in our city. ...
For example:
At some time one day, people and cars were killed or injured. ...
Analysis: the potential causes of our deaths and injuries.
You may be surprised, what is this? Maybe you won't care. Shall I talk about the traffic rules? The 450 coffins ordered may be waiting for you, waiting for me, waiting for our relatives. ...
Faced with so many heartbreaking tragedies, we should reflect: when …, when …, when …
In contrast, the straightforward style can clearly explain the problem, but it is difficult to win the attention and interest of the audience. However, when adopting a winding and secluded style, we should pay attention to the coherence and compactness of our thinking, and we must not disperse the narrative and forget the time limit for our speech.
Exercise: Please use two modes to conceive an impromptu speech and write an outline on the topic "Society is a university without walls".
Four "thinking": reverse thinking, deep thinking, divergent thinking and comprehensive thinking.
Reverse thinking: it refers to thinking from the opposite direction, that is, opposing traditional views and putting forward opposite or opposing views. This is a way of thinking to rebound the pipa, which is obviously manifested in the spirit of criticizing the tradition, but it should be noted that the views must be well-founded and self-evident.
For example, what's wrong with "learning from the East is effective"
Traditional view: imitation without self-knowledge is counterproductive.
Reverse thinking:
1, Dong Shi is ugly, but she has the courage and determination to pursue beauty in her heart. She is not afraid of ridicule or irony. In this respect, she is much better than those who hold a grudge against her beauty, are jealous and even bored and maliciously slander her.
In idioms, Xi is always beautiful, while Dong Shi is always ugly. But in real life, it is different. Shi is born with beauty, but if you don't pay attention to self-esteem, take "beauty" as capital and blindly pursue indulgence, "beauty" will become "ugly" On the contrary, if Dong Shi maintains his self-esteem, self-respect, self-reliance and self-improvement, and pays attention to improving his internal quality, he can change his "ugly" image in people's minds.
Dong Shi has her own criteria for judging what is "beauty", and she is not blind at all. This is at least more sober than some people who have no values and don't care about beauty and ugliness. Those who go with the flow, follow the trend, follow the crowd, and have no self and personality should be the object of criticism.
Exercise: Please write your opinion on the topic "Many people don't necessarily work hard".
Deep thinking: from trivial matters that ordinary people think are not worth talking about, or conclusions that do not need further discussion, discover the deeper essence of things covered by phenomena. That is, "look at the essence through the phenomenon."
For example, "8" is deeply impressed.
Description of the phenomenon: In recent years, the value of the number "8" has doubled, and telephone numbers, house numbers and license plates are favored as soon as they touch "8".
Phenomenon analysis:
1, which is one of the signs of historical progress. Not only do China people no longer think that "the poorer they are, the more glorious they are", but they can finally shout out their aspiration of "wanting to get rich" with dignity, which undoubtedly reflects the historical progress.
2. The pursuer's crazy infatuation with "8" shows his spiritual emptiness. The enthusiastic and huge transaction amount at the Lucky auction site is naturally based on the comparison and show-off of the rich. In these celebrities who "get rich first", there is a spiritual civilization problem of "what to do after getting rich".
Depth analysis:
1 and "8" are so popular for many reasons, such as China's brain-body relationship and unreasonable management system, which makes some people's wealth seem inexplicable. The rapid changes in the business world and the difficulty in grasping wealth have made some people pin their hopes on "8" in the dark.
2. The favor of "8", from further analysis, shows that the traditional psychological set of China people has not changed. They believe in heaven and earth, believe in "8" and "send", but can't believe in themselves. Behind the lucky number is the crux of national mentality, national culture and national quality, which should make people reflect.
Actually, I just want to make a fortune, but I have no ability to make a fortune. I don't know how to get rich. Don't say "getting rich" won't fall from the sky, even if it does, I can't catch it.
4. If China people are immersed in the dream of "8" again, dare to ask where "Fa" is?
Exercise: Take "thinking from ×× year × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × month × day × month × month × month × day × month × month × month × month × month × day × month × month × month × month × month × month × month ×
Divergent thinking: it is to produce a variety of answers from the same question and find a variety of correct ways to deal with the problem. It is characterized by versatility, flexibility, exquisiteness and novelty.
For example, also on "making up for mistakes"
Angle:
1, Mr. Nanguo is ignorant and pretends to be an expert, which is to blame.
2, Qi Xuanwang exultation, regardless of ostentation and extravagance, regardless of skills, all eat the same pot should be abolished.
King Jin of Qi did not stick to the rules and changed "there must be 300 people" to "listen one by one". This spirit of reform is really commendable.
4. Although Mr. Nan Guo's blowing skill is not high, when the wave of reform hit him, he didn't stop crying and didn't ask others to intercede for care, but left automatically. This spirit of going forward is still desirable.
5. Mr. Nan Guo Can has been in the band for a long time without playing, and it is also the responsibility of the captain and other players not to supervise each other, so that they can't help each other for a long time and improve his playing skills, which leads to his escape. This practice, which is neither loyal to the throne nor attaches importance to friendship, should be blamed.
Exercise: Please list the things that 10 can't walk with legs.
Please think about the following things and concepts from a positive and negative perspective, and find out their advantages and disadvantages, positive factors and negative factors. The more the better, the more bizarre the better;
0; Mountain; Water; Bamboo; Knife; If there are two suns in the sky; If the school gives money to students.
Comprehensive thinking training: it is the comprehensive application of the first three kinds of thinking. In fact, when we think about problems, we usually use all kinds of thinking together.
Exercise: Your classmate's family is in a bad financial situation and often has parties in the dormitory. He is so embarrassed that it is not good to attend or not. You're embarrassed, too. It is not good to invite him or not. Both sides are very upset. On second thought, you decided to enlighten him first. Please write down your thoughts and opinions and discuss with each other.
Five borrowing: borrowing topics, people, things, things and scenery. "Borrowing" is a lot of things, and "Five Borrowings" is a general term. It requires the speaker to be good at observing the scene and obtaining information.
The circuit diagram of quick thinking: observation-grasping the topic-attributive point-extended point (organizational language)-word order arrangement-expression.
Exercise: Give some pictures, make an impromptu speech after careful observation, and seriously experience the process of quick thinking.
Third, the expression skills (four skills, five attention)
Four expression skills:
1, scattered links: In the tense thinking of selecting materials before impromptu speech, there will be many scattered thinking points in people's minds. When you speak, you should capture these thinking points, determine a center from the relationship between these points, use it to link these points, and discard everything irrelevant to the theme. When the expression network is formed, we can begin to speak.
For example, Comrade Wang Wei of Shanghai Journalists Association once attended the inaugural meeting of Shanghai Enterprise Newspaper Journalists Association, which was held in the spacious club conference hall newly built by Shanghai No.3 Iron and Steel Plant. He made the following impromptu speech: (meeting place, people, flowers)
I came to attend the meeting, but I didn't expect such a good venue. Needless to say, the inaugural meeting of Shanghai Enterprise Journalists Association can also be held here. I didn't expect so many corporate reporters. My participation in this conference shows that my colleagues in corporate journalism love and support their own organizations. Unexpectedly, the azaleas on the podium today are so beautiful. Flowers are in full bloom, which indicates that the Enterprise Journalists Association is as prosperous as azaleas. ...
Exercise: Give an impromptu speech on the topic of "Giving advice to poor students".
2, mode conception: take the two modes mentioned above as the framework, so that your expression is organized.
3, expand the sentence into an article: that is, the idea of getting straight to the point. But we should also clarify our thinking and pay attention to logical clarity.
For example, the sentence "The times need a hero like Xu Honggang" can be expanded as follows:
The current situation needs a hero like Xu Honggang, and revolutionary heroism should be strongly advocated. Reform and opening up is an unprecedented undertaking, with difficulties, twists and turns and risks. Without superhuman courage, it is impossible. The struggle against nature will not be smooth sailing. There are many things in nature that we don't know. They are fierce, unpredictable, obstructive and difficult, so there will be bloodshed and sacrifice. For example, outer space exploration may never come back; Exploring the bottom of the sea may be buried in the belly of a fish; Blasting mountain, underground coal mining, aerial work, scientific experiment, mechanical work, etc. All of them are dangerous. Without revolutionary heroism and dedication, we can't do it well at all. What's more, reform and opening up will inevitably bring mud and sand, leading to the rise of some decadent things. The evil forces and hostile forces at home and abroad are eyeing up, which makes it even more necessary for us, like Xu Honggang, to dare to stand up at critical moments and be ready to die heroically and defend the achievements of reform and opening up. Therefore, under the situation of reform and opening up, in the journey of the four modernizations, it is not that revolutionary heroism and heroes like Xu Honggang are not needed, but that they are more urgently needed; It is not that there is no opportunity for performance, but it provides a broader world.
Exercise: Please give a speech on the topic "Life is an examination room everywhere".
4, press X to play. That is the "five loans" mentioned earlier. After borrowing, it should be expanded into sentences and articles.
Appendix Picture: Improvisation Skills-Speak, only when you speak can you speak (China Taofen Foundation, Communication and Eloquence Department).
Five note:
1, focusing on the beginning, fascinating; Pay attention to the ending, which is intriguing;
2. Pay attention to content, have substance in words, be witty, humorous and profound;
3. Pay attention to the language form, focus on oral short sentences, and skillfully use rhetorical devices such as metaphor, parallelism, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, quotation and repetition; Pay attention to the use of transitional words, sentences and paragraphs to strengthen cohesion; Prevent bad language habits, and don't use rude words, broken words and dialects.
4. Pay attention to the passion of intonation and grasp the ups and downs of intonation;
5. Pay attention to the image of the speaker and prevent bad habits.