How many schools of Taoism have existed since its establishment, and what are their respective heritages?
The Taoist priest in the world is half true and half false, and the world is a dragon gate. It clearly shows the present situation of Taoism in China and even in the world. There are many schools of Taoism, such as Wudang Wei Qing School, Quanzhen School, Zhengyi School, Maoshan School, etc., which are gathered on a Wudang Mountain alone. Wudang Taoist schools with Zhang Sanfeng as their founder include Zhenwu Xuanwu Gate, naturalism, Sanfeng's naturalism, Sanfeng's new school of learning from Japan, Nixin school, Sanfeng's Penglai school and Sanfeng school. There is also the "Langmei School", which mainly worships Xuan Di, also known as the Wudang Mountain Benshan School, and is an orthodox school. In addition, there is a new Wutangmen in Wudang Mountain, which belongs to Wei Qing School and was founded by Zhang Shouqing, a Taoist priest in Wudang Mountain in Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, Taoist factions have different names because of their different tasks. According to the division of Taoism, there are five categories: Jishan School, Classical School, Fulu School, Dante School (then Dan School) and Zhan Yan School. According to the geographical division, there are ten categories, including Longmenmen School, Laoshan School, Suishan School, Yushan School, Huashan School, Lushan School, Laohuashan School, Heshan School, Huoshan School and Wutang School. According to the founders of Taoism in history, there are Shaoyang School (King), Zhengyang School (Korea), Chunyang School () Haichan School () Sanfeng School (Zhang Sanfeng), Sazu School (Handcuffs), Ziyang School () and Chongyang School (Chongyang School). If divided by the door, there are sage (too old gentleman), Namo pie (Tan Churui), Jing Qing School (Sun Buer), Hui Jin School (Qi Benshou), Zhengyi School (Zhang), Wei Qing School (Ma Danyang), Tianxian School (Lv Chunyang), Xuanwu School (Zhenwu Emperor), Jingming School (Xu Jingyang) and Yunyang School (Yunyang School). Quanzhen School (Wang Zhongyang), Zhengyi School (Zhang Zongyan), Vacuum School (Drum Zu), Tieguan School (Zhou Zu), Japanese New School, Naturalism School (Zhang Sanfeng), Innate School and Brilliant School. In the history of Taoist development in China, there are five schools, namely Zhengyi (Zhang Daoling), Nanzong (Lv Chunyang), Beizong (Wang Zhongyang), Zhendong (Zhang Qingzhi) and Taiyi (Huang Dongyi), and four schools, namely, Shi Tian Taoism, Quanzhen Taoism, Lingbao Taoism and Wei Qing Taoism. Moreover, there are eight schools of Taoism: morality, congenital, spiritual treasure, righteousness, purity, purity, jade hall and heavenly heart. In fact, many Taoist sects are weak and exist in name only. At present, only Quanzhen Sect in the north, Zhengyi Sect in the south, Maoshan Sect, Laoshan Sect, wu-tang clan Sect, Lushan Sect and folk Taoist sects in Hong Kong and Taiwan are left in China. From the analysis of Taoism, we can clearly see that Taoism has two remarkable characteristics and two fatal shortcomings, which restrict its development and growth. One is that Taoism does not show that it is an absolutely equal and democratic organization. Taoism attaches great importance to the concept of hierarchy and strictly implements it, which can be seen from the different titles, different treatments and even the division of immortals within Taoism. Of course, there is no denying that this level gap is one of the solid foundations for establishing Taoist organizations. Another is that Taoism attaches great importance to the relationship between teachers and students. This strict and clear concept of the mountain gate constitutes a well-defined Taoist order, which can be seen from the division of Taoist factions. This division of the origins of various truth schools can be divided into 86 categories and hundreds of small branches in the spectrum. In the famous Taoist forests all over the country, guest rooms have their own detailed genealogy books, the purpose of which is to check the Taoist priests visiting China, their sectarian origins, beliefs and descendants' order, which is the link and bridge between Taoist sects. People voluntarily become monks in Taoism, mostly because they are disappointed with democracy and equality in secular society and try a new and distinctive life choice. Undoubtedly, this is also a helpless life choice to escape from the world. The main purpose is to pursue a kind of democracy and equality beyond the realm of gods. When he saw that there were "high stoves" and "ordinary stoves" in the same fasting hall, he distributed food every season. In addition, under the condition of such a small Taoist organization, the overall interests of Taoism are restricted by the "small family spirit" and it is difficult to be fully reflected and brought into play. It is entirely possible that Taoism will shine brilliantly in China in the future. As long as there is a shining essence in Taoism, Taoism has the strength and foundation to take off. The problem is how to carry forward the strength and roots of Taoism. The origin and development of Taoism in the soil of the Chinese nation is not only a complete study of China culture, but also a reasonable absorption of some foreign cultures to supplement their own nutrition. As long as the policies and strategies are appropriate, China Taoism, which is based on China's traditional culture, is likely to shine brilliantly in the future in a relaxed social environment. Since entering the socialist period, China has experienced nearly 20 years of education to get rid of feudal superstitions. People's belief in immortals is not as blind as before, and there are more and more people who don't believe in immortals at all, even among monks, such as those who worship Yuanguan and the king of Wudang Mountain. With the development and popularization of science and culture, they don't believe in immortals, or don't quite believe in them. I don't believe in Taoism's external alchemy, but they really believe in Taoism, believe in internal alchemy, and believe that cultivation will bring fundamental changes to people, which is enough. This belief is enough to make them become excellent and qualified Taoists. Later, Li Liancui saw more such Taoist priests abroad. They believe in Taoism and regard Taoism as the embodiment of thousands of years of traditional culture of their own nation, motherland, ancestors and Chinese nation. This is the foundation for Taoism to take off in the future. Taoism originally had no sects, but the reason why Taoism had sects actually began in the Song and Jin Dynasties, when China was divided into two opposing and antagonistic political regions, which could not communicate freely with each other. Religion succumbed to the secular feudal monarchy, and the Northern Quanzhen School and the Southern Zhengyi School of Taoism came into being. Taoism, in essence, is also a cultural family linked by religion. It has * * * ancestors who adore and respect each other, * * * generations of blood, and * * * ancestors' family and cultural origins. In this Taoist family, the property of the jungle is collectively owned. For example, Baiyun Temple in Beijing is the ancestral home of Quanzhen Longmen Sect of Taoism, and most of the Taoists living in this Taoist temple are disciples of Longmen Sect. Being an abbot in this Taoist temple must be the success of Quanzhen religion. He represents the orthodoxy of Quanzhen Dragon Sect, and is called a great master. The Taoist schools listed in Bai Yunguan's Factions Overview ended in the Xuan Tong period of Puyi in Qing Dynasty (A.D.101911). Although there are 86 schools in total, there are actually only 80 schools, some of which are just the continuation of genealogy, not independent schools. At present, there are not so many complicated schools of Taoism. In the past, many primary schools were affiliated with Quanzhen School or Justice School. So now Taoism is basically all true and orthodox. At present, the two Taoist sects can respect each other, cooperate with each other and teach together.