The name "boxer" first appeared in Qianlong period. According to Records of the Qing Dynasty: Forty-three Years of Qianlong (1778), it is recorded that "Yu and others were sent to guanxian by the provincial judges to receive the case of Yang of the Boxer, and Yang was captured. According to the confession, my father will punch in the sun to prevent the night. " "Since Yang's father can box, he must not be a quiet man. He once recruited people to learn and made him famous for boxing. " There is also forty-eight years of Qianlong (1783). "Fu Changan performed: Wei Yukai, a native of Nangong County, Zhili, called for help, and reportedly lived in Weijiazhuang, this county. There are village conventions such as Li Cunren, Wei Xuezong, Jian Qi, Wang San and Yan Ling. Wang Lun, a native of Shandong, is Li Gaokou's apprentice. In the past, it used to be the White Lotus Sect, which practiced fists and fists. After 46 years, it was changed to boxing, and everyone had a rope and a whip. " "Since it is alleged that Li Cunren and others have exercises, they should thoroughly investigate." Based on this, we can find the following three points: First, because Yang's father "knows how to fight in Japan", the emergence of the Boxer Rebellion can be traced back to at least the early years of Qianlong. Combined with the imperial edict quoted in the sixth year of Yongzheng, it can be inferred that the emergence of boxer will not be later than Yongzheng, but in the reign of Kangxi. Second, the original boxers were just "boxing practice", which was used to protect their lives, such as "keeping out the night". It can be seen that it is not only the name of a kind of boxing, but also the nature of Wushu Association. Thirdly, the Boxer Rebellion has long been popular in western Shandong and southern Zhili, so it is no accident that the Boxer Rebellion first broke out in Shandong.

During the Jiaqing period, the name of "Yihe Gate" appeared again. In the archives of the Qing government, "the theory of deviating from the door of divination" began to appear.

So, what's the difference between righteousness and door and righteousness and door? Originally, the activities of the Boxer Rebellion were just a kind of boxing practice, commonly known as "martial arts field". In the process of communication, influenced by some factions of Anbailism, it absorbed its religious activities, which is commonly known as "literary field". In Cheng's notes, it is mentioned that "Jiba in Qingxian County, Yimen Sect in the government" and "Yimen Sect in the old city of Grier predicted rebellion", and the comparison between Yimen Sect and Yihe Sect is not a meaningless change of words. Obviously, the "Boxer" refers to the "literary field" of the Boxer, while the "Boxer" refers to its "martial field".

The "good character teaching" mentioned in the literature should be a "literary field" from its activity content. As recorded in a file in the early years of Jiaqing, You Rong of Qingxian County "followed Wu Chengfa, the head of the Wu family in this county, that is, Wu Laosan, to learn the luck of sitting on the ground, to be satisfied, to deviate from the divination and to sing good words."

Good word teaching, also called Mahayana teaching. "The Sparse Play in that Yancheng City" said: "Good word teaching means staying in divination; Renamed Mahayana. " However, it is different from Mahayana Tea Gate. Mahayana Tea Gate was founded by Wilson, a native of Shifokou, Luanzhou, during the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. His sons Wang Haoxian and Xu Hongru launched an uprising during the apocalypse, and Jianyuan took advantage of this opportunity to win. After entering the Qing Dynasty, two branches of Wang Xing in Shifokou, Luanzhou migrated to other places: one lived in Anjialouzhuang, lulong county; One lives in Huaxian County, Henan Province. Wang Xing's three branches continued to preach in various places. During the Jiaqing period, Mahayana Tea School merged with Bagua School and became the school of deviating from divination. According to a file, "There was a Boxer in the Eastern Province ... According to the confession, in the seventeenth year of Jiaqing, Yi worshipped Guo Weizhen, and he has been practicing dharma, burning incense and eating tea [learning], chanting incantations, and teaching the Boxer Rebellion." & lt The Ministry of Military Affairs recorded Commemoration and the Peasant Movement, Volume 1747. & gt Judging from its religious activities of "burning incense for tea", it is obviously the tea gate of Mahayana. Good words teach people to engage in religious activities without practicing their fists and feet, and they can't save their lives, so they lose their self-defense function. Mahayana's activities to teach the Green Tea Gate include not only the religious activities of "burning incense for tea", but also the activities of "chanting" and "teaching Yihequan", which has become a Yihemen organization with both "literary field" and "martial field".

Some people think that boxers and plum blossom boxing are completely the same thing, which is inappropriate. Because the problem is not that simple. According to the available data, Meihua Boxing first appeared in the Kangxi period, and its founder may be Yang Bing from hua county, Henan. In the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13), Na Yancheng said in Tang Hengle's confession attached to "Taking Tang Beard to Memorize": "According to Tang Beard and Tang Hengle's confession, he was a 62-year-old villager in Huaxian County, selling medicine and not learning to teach. He can play plum blossom boxing on weekdays and is a disciple of fellow villager Qi Dazhuang. Qi Dazhuang said that during the Kangxi period, Huaxian was a martial artist. He used to be the capital of Beijing camp, and he can play this kind of boxing. He is learning from Yang Bing. Qi Dazhuang died in Qianlong fifty-one years. Feng Keshan is my apprentice and can also fight boxing. " This confession tells us an important fact, that is, plum blossom boxing is a kind of boxing, which has nothing to do with gossip, because Tang Hengle, who can play plum blossom boxing on weekdays, doesn't learn or teach. It can be seen that plum blossom boxing cannot be confused with boxers.

Only Tang Hengle's apprentice Feng Keshan is related to gossip. Feng Keshan confessed: "I left the second year of high school, Dongchangfu City, Shandong Province. He is Wang Guang's teacher, who is now dead. Wang Guang is Wang Xiangzhi's teacher and Wang Xiang is my teacher. " Accordingly, Feng Keshan is a follower of gossip. However, Feng Keshan, as a believer in divination, wants to learn Meihua Boxing from outsiders, which also shows that Meihua Boxing and Yihe Boxing are not homologous.

Until the Daoguang period, plum blossom boxing and the Boxer Rebellion had nothing to do with it. In the 18th year of Daoguang (1838), Qi Shan, governor of Zhili, said in his memorial: "Dong was sarcastic in the first year of Daoguang, because he knew that Wang Cheng, who survived in the past, worshipped Erlang God and could play plum blossom boxing, hoping to defend himself, so he went to the teacher to practice his boxing stick." & lt The Military Department recorded the Deputy Memorial Hall, Peasant Movement, Volume 2585. & gt Wang Cheng, who worships Erlang God, is Baiyangdian, which is a branch of gossip different from Yihe Gate. From this, we can draw two conclusions: (1) "Playing plum blossom boxing in the hope of self-defense" is a kind of boxing, which has only a mentoring relationship and does not have the nature of a martial arts association; (2) Just because Baiyangdian can play plum blossom boxing doesn't mean that "Yihemen Boxing" is plum blossom boxing, because Baiyangdian and Yihemen are two different tribes, which deviate from divination. Combining with an earlier material, I read: "According to Dong Erlang and Dong, in the seventeenth year of Jiaqing, Yi and his younger brother Dong Sier studied under Zhai Daochang in Yinjiazhuang, and Zhai Daochang taught them to learn the Yellow Sutra. "< Military Department recorded Commemoration and the Peasant Movement, Volume 1747. & gt Even some Taoists and Taoists can play Plum Blossom Boxing, which further shows that Plum Blossom Boxing is just a boxing method that everyone can learn, which is completely different from the branch of Yihe Boxing that deviates from divination.

The relationship between Meihua Boxing and Yihe Boxing began twenty years after Guangxu. In the official documents at that time, this relationship was mentioned many times. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Zhang Rumei, the governor of Shandong Province, said in his memorial: "In the counties bordering Zhili and Shandong, people learned more about boxing and founded a township group called Yihe, which was later renamed Meihua Boxing. In recent years, it has resumed the use of meaning and name. " & lt Historical Materials of Boxer Movement Archives, Volume I, 15. & gt Moreover, in the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), Lao Naixuan, the magistrate of Wuqiao County, also said in a submission: "When I was patrolling the north of the Canal, many people practiced boxing and set up a new Boxer, renamed Meihua Boxing. In fact, it was to protect my family and there was no illegal incident. " < Lao Naixuan: A miscellaneous brand in boxing. & gt According to these two materials, the relationship between the Boxer Rebellion and Meihua Boxing seems to be this: Boxer Rebellion-Meihua Boxing-Boxer Rebellion (Regiment). It is based on this relationship that some people infer that Meihua Boxing is a boxer. Actually, this is a big problem. Boxing (group) includes various components and consists of many schools, such as broadsword club, Shenquan, Hongquan and Xiangquan. If the boxer is renamed from Meihua Boxing, isn't it also called Meihua Boxing? Obviously, this is difficult to establish. Since Meihua Boxing can't include broadsword club, Shenquan, Hongquan and Xiangquan, it can't be said that the boxer was renamed Meihua Boxing alone. In fact, plum blossom boxing is only a tributary of the boxer movement. Plum Blossom Boxing was not divination, and it was changed to boxer in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898). Therefore, we can still think that until Guangxu twenty years ago, Boxer Boxing (Gate) was still a branch of Eight Diagrams.