1One day in August, 935, Qian Xuesen left the motherland from Shanghai on a ship of the American Postal Company. The muddy waves of Huangpu River rolled and looked at the gradually blurred Shanghai City. Qian Xuesen silently said: "Goodbye, motherland. Now that you're in power, you're in a mess. I will go to the United States to study technology and one day I will come back to work for your revival. "
Qian Xuesen went to the United States to enter the aviation department of MIT, and his academic performance has always been among the best. He had to practice in a factory to study engineering, but at that time, the American aviation factory discriminated against China people, so a year later he began to study aviation engineering theory, that is, applied mechanics. He transferred to California Institute of Technology.
Qian Xuesen came here with admiration. Because, located in the aviation department of California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, a suburb of Los Angeles, there is a famous aerodynamics professor von Carmen, who is Hungarian.
In the early 1930s, aviation science was still in its infancy. Von Carmen was a top figure in this field at that time, and was later known as "the father of supersonic flight". 1970, there was a crater on the moon named after him.
Von Carmen looked at the serious and short young man carefully. He asked several questions for Qian Xuesen to answer, and Qian Xuesen answered all his questions after a little thought. Von Carmen secretly praised: This China man is witty and full of wisdom. He accepted the student happily. At the beginning of 1945, Qian Xuesen became a member of the air force scientific advisory group headed by von Carmen. After Germany surrendered, he went to Europe with the investigation team of the regiment to inspect aviation and rocket technology. 1947 At the beginning of this year, 36-year-old Qian Xuesen became a full professor at MIT. During the monitoring period, apart from teaching, he still did not give up academic research. 1953 published "Take-off from Earth Satellite Orbit", which laid the foundation of small thrust flight mechanics. 1954 published "Engineering Cybernetics". 1955 when saying goodbye to von Carmen before returning to China, von Carmen said excitedly, "You have surpassed me academically now!"
Qian Xuesen became a graduate student of Guggenheim Aviation Laboratory led by Carmen. This laboratory later became the cradle of American rocket technology, and Qian Xuesen was one of the first three members to conduct rocket technology research here.
The study and research work are very tense. Qian Xuesen works more than ten hours a day, studies for half a day, discusses for half a day, and continues to struggle at night. Three years later, he got his doctorate with honors, stayed in school to teach, and became von Carmen's right-hand man. During this period, he not only mastered the basic knowledge of aerodynamics, but also stood at the forefront of this science. From 65438 to 0939, he studied the aviation structure and made a breakthrough in just one year.
In the second year of California Institute of Technology, Qian Xuesen met his classmate F.J. Marin, who studied rocket technology. Introduced by Marina, Qian Xuesen participated in the Marxism-Leninism study group of California Institute of Technology at that time, and met Weinbaum, secretary of the group and assistant researcher of chemical physics. In the group, Qian Xuesen studied Engels' anti-Turin theory with everyone; Current affairs are often discussed at the weekly meeting. 1938 In the winter, after the outbreak of World War II, this group was dissolved.
In view of the outstanding achievements of Qian Xuesen's research work and the needs of American wartime military scientific research, he was able to participate in the secret work. From 65438 to 0944, the U.S. military commissioned Professor von Carmen as the head and Marina as the deputy to study long-range rockets. Qian Xuesen was in charge of the theoretical group, and invited Lin Jiaqiao and Qian Weichang to conduct ballistic analysis, combustion chamber heat conduction and combustion theory research. At the same time, Qian Xuesen also served as the technical consultant of air jet Company. 1945 was also hired as a member of the scientific advisory panel by the US Air Force. During this period, he gained valuable experience in the scientific research of modern mechanics and jet propulsion and became an outstanding scientist with high reputation at that time.
At the end of World War II, the US Air Force highly praised Qian Xuesen's "great contribution" to the victory of the war. Milton Viorst, an American columnist, believes that Qian Xuesen has always been "a key figure in making a long-term plan to transform the US Air Force from a propeller plane into a jet plane and eventually into an unmanned spacecraft traveling in space" and "a brilliant star in the galaxy of scientists who helped the United States become a world-class military power".
1946 In the summer, Qian Xuesen left California Institute of Technology and went to MIT as an associate professor to teach graduate students majoring in aerodynamics. 1947 At the beginning of this year, 36-year-old Qian Xuesen became a tenured professor at MIT. In the summer of the same year, Qian Xuesen asked for leave to visit relatives in China. In September, he married Jiang Ying (now a professor at the Central Conservatory of Music). Jiang Ying, the third daughter of Jiang Baili, a famous military theorist in early China, was a soprano, and received a good music education in Vienna and Berlin.
From 1935 to 1955, Qian Xuesen lived in the United States for 20 years. During this period, he made brilliant academic achievements, enjoyed generous treatment in life and had convenient conditions at work. However, he is always attached to the motherland where he was born and raised. In his letter to his father, he lamented more than once, "When will the tourism career end?" .
19 1 1 year1/kloc-0 was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province in February, and/kloc-0 joined the China * * * production party in August, 1959. He is a doctor.
1929 to 1934 studied in department of mechanical engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University. After graduation, I applied for studying in Tsinghua University at public expense. After entering the school, I worked as an intern at Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport. 1935 to 1939 studied in the department of aeronautical engineering of MIT and obtained a master's degree. 1936- 1939 studied in the department of aeronautics and mathematics of California Institute of Technology, USA, and obtained a doctorate. 1939- 1943, researcher, Department of Aeronautics, California Institute of Technology. 1943 to 1945 was an assistant professor in the department of aeronautics, California Institute of Technology (1940 to 1945 was a communication researcher in Chengdu Institute of Aeronautics, Sichuan). 1945- 1946, associate professor, Department of Aviation, California Institute of Technology. 1946- 1949, associate professor and professor of aerodynamics, Department of Aeronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1949- 1955, Director and Professor of Jet Propulsion Center of California Institute of Technology.
1955 returned to China. 1955 to 1964, director and researcher of the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and director of the Fifth Institute of the Ministry of National Defense. 1965 to 1970 served as deputy minister of the seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry. 1970 to 1982 served as deputy director of the science and technology Committee of the commission of science, technology and industry for national defense and vice chairman of the China association for science and technology. He has served as the first and second director of China Automation Society, honorary president of China Aerospace Society, China theoretical and applied mechanics Society and China Systems Engineering Society, executive director of the Presidium of China Academy of Sciences, and member of the Department of Mathematics and Physics. 1986 to 199 1 May, served as the chairman of the third National Committee of China Association for Science and Technology. 1991may was elected honorary chairman of China association for science and technology at the fourth national congress. 1April, 1992, was appointed honorary chairman of the Presidium of China Academy of Sciences. /kloc-0 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering in June, 1994.
He is the vice-chairman of the 9th to 12th Alternate members of the CPC Central Committee and the 6th, 7th and 8th China People's Political Consultative Conference.
China is a pioneer and outstanding representative of space science and technology, and is known as "the father of China's space flight" and "the king of rockets". During my study and research in the United States, I cooperated with others to complete the summary and preliminary analysis of long-range rockets, laying the theoretical foundation for surface-to-surface missiles and sounding rockets. The hypersonic flow theory put forward by others laid the foundation for the development of aerodynamics. At the beginning of 1956, the Opinions on Establishing China's National Defense Aviation Industry was reported to the Central Committee and the State Council. In the same year, according to his suggestion, the State Council and the Central Military Commission established the Aviation Industry Committee, the leading body of missile and aviation research, and was appointed as a member. From 65438 to 0956, he was appointed to set up the first rocket and missile research institute in China, the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and served as the first president. He presided over the completion of the plan of "establishing jet and rocket technology", participated in the development of short-range missiles, medium-and short-range missiles and China's first artificial earth satellite, directly led the "two-bomb combination" test of medium-and short-range missiles carrying atomic bombs, participated in the formulation of the "two-bomb combination" test of short-range missiles carrying atomic bombs in China, participated in the formulation of the development plan of China's first interstellar aviation, and developed and established engineering cybernetics and systematics. He has made pioneering contributions in the fields of aerodynamics, aviation engineering, jet propulsion, engineering cybernetics, physical mechanics and other technical sciences. He is the founder and advocate of the theoretical and applied research of modern mechanics and system engineering in China.
1957 won the first prize of natural science of China Academy of Sciences. 1979 won the outstanding alumni award of California Institute of Technology. 1985 won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress. 1989 was awarded "Rockwell Medal", "World-class Science and Technology and Engineering Celebrity" and honorary member of International Polytechnic. 199 1 year 10 was awarded the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. 1995 65438+ 10 won the "1994 ho leung ho lee foundation Excellence Award" in October. 1999, the Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission decided to award him the "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal". In June 2006, he was awarded the "Top 50 Honorary Award of China Aerospace Industry".
Zeng Chengkui, male, was born in Xiamen, Fujian Province on June 1909. He graduated from party member of China * * * Production Party and is a member of China Democratic League. 1980 was elected academician of China Academy of Sciences, and 1985 was elected academician of Third World Academy of Sciences. He is a researcher, doctoral supervisor and honorary director of the Institute of Oceanography, China Academy of Sciences.
Academician Zeng Chengkui received his doctorate from the Department of Botany of Xiamen University in September 1927, from the Institute of Lingnan University in Guangzhou in September/932, and from the Graduate School of Michigan University in September 1940, and from Ohio State University in September 1987. He worked as a teaching assistant and lecturer in Xiamen University. Lecturer, Associate Professor and Professor of Biology Department of Shandong University; Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Lingnan University; Associate research fellow, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, USA; Researcher, Deputy Director, Director and Honorary Director, Institute of Oceanography, China Academy of Sciences. He used to be Secretary-General, Vice Chairman, Chairman and Honorary Chairman of China Ocean and Lake Society; Chairman and honorary chairman of China Algae Society; Vice Chairman of Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences; Academician of New York Academy of Sciences; Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science; Life honorary member of the World Aquaculture Society; Life honorary member of the International Algae Society. He used to be a member of China People's Political Consultative Conference, a deputy to the Third to Ninth National People's Congress, a member of the Second NLD Central Committee, and a standing member of the Third NLD Central Senate Committee. Chairman and Honorary Chairman of Shandong Association for Science and Technology, Chairman and Honorary Chairman of Shandong Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, Standing Committee and Deputy Director of the Fifth to Seventh People's Congress of Shandong Province.
Academician Zeng Chengkui is a world-famous marine biologist, one of the main pioneers of marine science in China, one of the founders of algae research in China and one of the pioneers of algae chemical industry in China, and has made indelible contributions to the vigorous development of marine scientific research in China.
From 65438 to 0946, with a strong desire to serve the motherland, Academician Zeng Chengkui gave up the excellent living conditions and scientific research conditions in the United States and resolutely returned to the motherland to devote himself to the marine scientific research of the motherland. He has served as the former director of the Department of Botany of Shandong University and the deputy director and director of the Institute of Oceanography of China Academy of Sciences. Since the founding of New China 54 years ago, we have devoted all our energies to the marine science of the motherland, and achieved fruitful results in various fields such as teaching, scientific research, investigation and personnel training, and made a series of major basic and original contributions to the development of marine science in China.
I knew they were a little embarrassed, and suddenly I couldn't remember this question when I saw you! ^ ^