1. Anqing Inner Ordnance Research Institute:
Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute, also known as Anqing Ordnance Institute, was founded by Zeng Guofan in Huangshiji and Daguanjing, Anqing, Huaining, Anhui in 186 1. It was the earliest official new arsenal in the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, and also the earliest military workshop for the Qing government to manufacture modern weapons by hand. Make bullets, gunpowder, guns. Scientist Hua once presided over the manufacture of China's first ship "Anqing". /kloc-moved to Tianjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in 0/864, and was converted into Jinling Institute of Ordnance Industry.
2. Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration:
Southern Machinery Manufacturing Bureau, referred to as Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau or Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, also known as Shanghai Machinery Bureau, is a modern military industrial production organization established in the Westernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty, the most important military factory in China in the late Qing Dynasty, and the largest modern military enterprise run by the Westernization School of the Qing government. The early workshop of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau is also one of the earliest new factories in modern times. It is the predecessor of Jiangnan Shipyard and the largest arsenal in modern China.
3. Tianjin Machinery Manufacturing Bureau
1872, Li Hongzhang established China Merchants Shipping Company, which was the first modern shipping company in China and the first private enterprise founded by Westernization School. When it was founded, it bought three ships, arrived at 1877, and bought Meiqichang Shipping Company, with more than 30 ships, forming a powerful merchant fleet.
4. China Shipping Investment Promotion Bureau
Referred to as "China Merchants". The earliest shipping enterprise established in China. 1872 (11th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty) Li Hongzhang was invited to organize. 1873 1 holds. The General Administration is located in Shanghai, with branches in Yantai, Hankou, Tianjin, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Yokohama, Kobe, Luzon and Singapore. 1885 (in the 11th year of Guangxu) was changed to official supervision and commercial office. 1909 (Xuantongyuannian) is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. 19 12 was changed to commercial office, renamed Commercial China Merchants Steamship Company, and later renamed Commercial China Merchants Steamship Co., Ltd. ..
5. Hanyang Iron Works
1In the spring of 889, Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, planned to establish an ironmaking plant in Guangzhou. In the same year, he was transferred to the governor of Huguang, and the ironworks moved to Hanyang. 1890 Construction started under Dabie Mountain. 1893 Hanyang Iron Works was basically completed, with six large factories, four small factories and two ironmaking furnaces. 1894 was put into production, and it was all official at the beginning. From preparation to 1895, * * * spent more than 5.8 million. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1896, the Qing government was unable to raise funds, so it was changed to "official supervision and commercial office" in 1896.
Extended data:
1. Introduction to Westernization Movement
Westernization movement, also known as self-help movement and self-improvement movement. It was a self-help movement carried out by the Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty in 19, 60-90 to safeguard the rule of the Qing Dynasty and introduce western military equipment, machine production and science and technology. The slogan of the Westernization Movement was "self-improvement" in the early stage and "seeking wealth" in the later stage.
The main guiding ideology of the Westernization Movement is "middle school as the body, western learning for use". The first four words "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" show the relationship between the Westernization Movement and foreign capitalist aggressors, that is, the way to learn western skills to resist western aggression.
Although the Westernization Movement did not make China rich and strong for more than 30 years, it introduced advanced western science and technology, which led to the emergence of the first batch of modern enterprises in China and objectively promoted the emergence and development of Chinese national capitalism.
2. Reasons for failure
Including the disadvantages of the traditional feudal system, the lack of a complete plan, the lack of knowledge of the person in charge, the opposition of conservatives, and the defeat of bureaucratic style? Can't wait
Step 3 explore nature
Westernization Movement is a self-help movement led by the ruling class of failed feudal landlords. ? [28]? Mary Clabaugh Wright, an American sinologist, commented on the "self-improvement" movement at this stage: "Not only a dynasty, but also a civilization seems to have collapsed, but due to the extraordinary efforts of some outstanding people in the 1960s, they finally came back to life and lasted for another 60 years."
4.？ positive results
This movement conforms to the historical trend. Objectively, it promoted the development of China's productive forces, promoted the emergence and development of Chinese national capitalism, resisted the economic input of foreign capitalism to a certain extent, and promoted the modernization of China's education and national defense. ?
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Westernization Movement