Song and the 29th Army (1)
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Large, medium and small
1in March, 938, when Song led the army headquarters to retreat to Maojindu on the north bank of the Yellow River, he was ordered to be transferred to the deputy commander of the first war zone. Song knew that this was an arrangement of rise and fall, so he left the army and crossed the Yellow River to Zhengzhou. His first army (adapted from the 29th Army) was immediately cancelled. Song Yuanzhe, who lost the command of the army, was unhappy and soon suffered from liver disease, and his condition deteriorated day by day. 1March, 940, returned to his wife Chang Shuqing's hometown of Mianyang, Sichuan to recuperate. On April 5, Song died at the age of 54. Just over a month later, Zhang Zizhong, an old subordinate of Song Dynasty and a famous anti-Japanese star, died heroically in the pumpkin shop in the mountainous area of western Hubei. Song may envy his former comrades-in-arms.
Later generations made a conclusion about Song. Considering the major festivals in his life, he still regards Song as a famous anti-Japanese. If we only look at his performance in 1933 Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, Song is worthy of the title of anti-Japanese star. On June 1935, the 29th Army moved to Peiping and Tianjin, and Song got the coveted territory. When Song came to Beiping, a land of right and wrong, he was pushed to the forefront of the political struggle between China and Japan and had to complete the role transformation from a simple soldier to a soldier and politician. In the following two years, Song successively became the garrison commander of Beiping, the mayor of Beiping and the chairman of the Jicha government affairs committee, which can be said to have reached the peak of his political career, but the ups and downs of these two years almost ruined his reputation.
First, anti-Japanese heroes
Song, whose real name is 1885, is from Zhaohongdu Village, Chengguan Town, Laoling, Shandong Province. When I was a child, I was poor and studied hard. He joined the army at the age of 65,438+03, and entered the camp school run by Shaanxi coach Lu at the age of 65,438+07. Later, he joined Feng Yuxiang's department and served as company commander, battalion commander and colonel. 1922, participated in Zhifeng War and was promoted to 25th Huncheng Brigade, one of the five generals of the Northwest Army. Feng Yuxiang admired him very much and praised him for his courage, calmness, loyalty and diligence, meticulous handling of things and well-trained. 1924 10 was reorganized into the national army, and Song was the commander of the first division (later changed to the fourth division) of the First Army. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/925, he was appointed as the governor of Jehol.
Song Yuan Zhe was the most popular of the nine Jehol governors in the Republic of China. He once founded a school for silkworm bees in chengde mountain resort, promoted mulberry planting and beekeeping, and revitalized agriculture in Jehol. On the streets of Chengde, big slogans such as "People don't work and don't deserve to eat" can be seen everywhere, and the Chengde market, which has been silent for many years, has taken on a new look. Song also set up an ordnance factory in Chengde, which can copy the German 20-ring shell cannon in small quantities. 1926, when Song Department was evacuated from Chengde, Jehol people escorted them to leave.
1927 In May, Feng Yuxiang and the generals of the Northwest Army were sworn in to join the Northern Expedition in Wuyuan, renamed the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and Song served as the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Army. 165438 10 served as chairman of Shaanxi province. 1929, Feng Yuxiang rebelled against Chiang Kai-shek and was placed under house arrest by Yan Xishan. Song then served as the commander-in-chief of the national army, leading his troops out of Tongguan and into Henan. Return to Shaanxi after the defeat.
1930 In April, the war between Jiang, Feng and Yan Zhongyuan broke out, and Song served as the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Route of the Second Front Army of the Northwest Army. The Northwest Army was once in full swing, but it gradually got into trouble because of the poor combat effectiveness of the Jin Army. In September, Zhang Xueliang, commander-in-chief of the Northeast Army, who had been sitting quietly, electrified Chiang Kai-shek, then marched into Shanhaiguan Pass, occupied North China, and the anti-Chiang coalition failed. Ji Hongchang, Liang, Jiao Wendian, Ge Yunlong and Sun Lianzhong successively submitted books to Chiang Kai-shek; Pang Bingxun, Sun Dianying, Liu Chunrong and other departments broke away from the nationalist army. Under the leadership of Song, Zhang Zizhong, Liu Ruming, Tong, Qin Dechun, Zhao, Zhang and others, about 60,000 or 70,000 people from the remnants of the nationalist army retreated to Shanxi, and the famous nationalist army fell apart. 193 1 year 1 year, the remnants of the nationalist army were collected by Zhang Xueliang and became the third army of the northeast frontier defense. Song served as the commander, Qin Dechun and Liu Ruming as the deputy commanders, as the commander of the 37th division, and Zhang Zizhong as the commander of the 38th division. In June of the same year, it was renamed 29 army of the National Revolutionary Army.
Zhang Xueliang gave 29 army a 500,000-yuan purchase fee and then left it alone. Southeast Shanxi is the site that Yan Xishan has managed for many years. The 29th Army is stationed under the walls of sponsors, with no military expenses, and the soldiers are ragged and beggars. More than a year later, 29 army moved to Chahar and had to March at night for fear of being regarded as a bandit. This period of hardship made Song more and more eager to get a piece of his own territory.
1In August, 932, under the strong recommendation of Zhang Xueliang, the Kuomintang Central Political Conference appointed Song as the chairman of Chahar Province. Although Chahar is sparsely populated, it is a place to stay after all. The 29th Army was expanded into three divisions in Zhangjiakou. The order is as follows:
Commander song
Deputy Commander Qin Dechun
Chief of staff Zhang
Chief of staff Xiao Zhenying.
Feng Zhian, the 37th division commander.
Zhao, the 109th Brigade.
Wang Zhibang, Brigadier of the 111 th O Brigade.
Zhang Zizhong, the 38th division commander.
1 12 brigade commander Huang Weigang
Tong Zeguang, Brigadier General of 1 13 Brigade
Liu Ruming, temporary second division commander.
Li Jintian, Brigadier General of the 1st Brigade.
Chief Councillor Xiao Zhenying is actually a confidant planted by Chiang Kai-shek. His discord among 29 army generals led to the disintegration of 29 army in the future.
The Central Plains War left many lessons for Song. First, civil war can only bring disaster to the country and people. Therefore, at the beginning of the founding of 29 army, Song clearly put forward the slogan of not fighting civil war and keeping guns open to the outside world, which was unanimously supported by all his generals. Chiang Kai-shek tried several times to send the 29th Army south to suppress * * *, but was evaded by Song for various reasons. Secondly, Chiang Kai-shek turned hostilities into friendship in the warlord melee, and covered his hands for the rain, which also made Song doubt Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang Central Committee. This kind of psychology influenced many important decisions in the future.
Less than half a year after 29 army entered Chahar, the Great Wall broke out in the Anti-Japanese War, and 29 army moved to the cold mouth in the east of Peiping and xifengkou for protection. More than 300,000 China troops participated in the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, coming from the hills of the Central Army, the Northeast Army, the Northwest Army and the Jin Army. Xu is the best weapon of the Central Army. Wang Yizhe, the Northeast Army of Wanfulin, and the Jin Army of Shangzhen are also extremely rich; 29 army in the Song Dynasty was the worst, with only 10 for wild guns and mountain guns, but only 100 for heavy machine guns, and only two light machine guns per company. Most rifles are made in Hanyang and imitated in Shanxi, and the difference is that the soldiers in 29 army have a wrought iron broadsword.
In the next battle of xifengkou, 29 army fought bloody battles with Japanese army Suzuki and Hattori Brigade, and became famous in World War I ... 29 army soldiers used broadswords and grenades to fight against Japanese advanced weapons, destroying 5,000 enemies. After many fierce battles, xifengkou's defense line still stands. Japan's Asahi Shimbun commented: "Since the founding of Emperor Meiji, the reputation of the imperial army has been completely lost outside xifengkou and humiliated for 60 years." After the war, Song, Zhang Zizhong, Zhao, Liu Ruming and others were awarded the Medal of Righteousness.
Xifengkou's victory in the Anti-Japanese War was China's first victory since September 18th, and the whole country rejoiced. All walks of life have formed condolence groups to come to the army, and journalists from various newspapers flocked to them. News films about 29 army are shown in cinemas in major cities all over the country. Every time there is a scene of Song in the film, the audience will stand up and applaud. 29 army broadsword team became famous all over the world because of the Great Wall's anti-Japanese war, and composer Laura Mai's "March of Broadsword" was immediately sung everywhere.
Although 29 army won in xifengkou, three divisions of the Central Army 17 Army were disabled one after another in Gubeikou, and the Japanese army broke through here, which led to the collapse of the entire defense line of China Army. Zhang Xueliang resigned and He Qinying took over as the chairman of the Beiping Military Branch. 1The Tanggu Agreement was signed with Japan in May, 933, which in fact recognized Japan's occupation of the three northeastern provinces, and listed Jidong and Chadong as "unarmed zones", allowing Japanese troops to enter.
Song Yuan Zhe was saddened by the failure of the Great Wall in the Anti-Japanese War. He asked, "Why can't our 300,000 troops beat the 50,000 Japanese troops?" In fact, 29 army's xifengkou War was badly fought. Although 5,000 enemy troops were wiped out, there were more than 10,000 casualties, and Xu's 17th Army also had more than 20,000 casualties.
Two. Autonomous government of Kyrgyzstan
After the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, Song led the First 29 army back to Chahar. At this time, the people's anti-Japanese Coalition organized by Feng Yuxiang in Chahar was banned by Chiang Kai-shek and had to be dissolved, so all of them were incorporated by the 29 th Army. With the consent of the Central Committee, Song expanded the 29th Army into four divisions with a total of more than 60,000 people. The newly added No.143 Division (formerly Temporary No.2 Division) is headed by Liu Ruming, and the No.132 Division is headed by Zhao. 29 army has also received a large number of anti-non-weapon equipment, including more than 30 mountain guns of Tang Yulin, the former Northeast Army, and its strength has greatly increased, making it an important military force in North China.
During the period of 1934, Japan continued to make waves in North China. This year, Chadong Incident, Hebei Incident and Zhangbei Incident occurred one after another. Under the pressure of Japan, in June of 1935 and 10, the National Government signed the "River-America Agreement" with Japan, agreeing that the Kuomintang Central Army, the Northeast Army, the party affairs and the secret service agencies would withdraw from Hebei and Tianjin. On June 19, 2009, the Executive Yuan of Nanjing dismissed the post of Chairman of Song Chahar Province on the grounds of "constant troubles". On June 28th, the local government of Chahar, represented by Qin Dechun, the deputy commander of 29 army, signed the Qin-Tu Agreement with Kenji, the spy chief of the Japanese Northeast Army, ceding six counties in Chadong and evacuating 29 army to the south of Zhangjiakou.
Song tried to deal with himself in Chahar that day, endured humiliation and compromise, and didn't want to be dismissed from office. He couldn't help leaving Chahar to rest in a private house in Tianjin. Before leaving, he publicly accused Chiang Kai-shek at Zhangjiakou Railway Station: "Whoever believes in Chiang Kai-shek's war of resistance again is a fool!" After arriving in Tianjin, there were rumors that the Central Committee would send the 29th Army south to suppress * * *, which made Song more convinced that the Central Committee would operate on the 29th Army. During Song's ten days in Tianjin, Wang, Cao Rulin, Chen Juesheng and a large number of traitors surrounded his family and persuaded Song to take refuge in Japan. Song wavered and agreed to Xiao Zhenying's contact with dohihara. He only publicly voted for Japan when the central government issued an order to recruit 29 army to the south.
Thanks to the change of the situation, Song Cai didn't go to defect and defect. After the signing of the "River-America Agreement", the Central Army and Guancong withdrew, resulting in a new power vacuum. At this time, Shi Yousan, a former general of the nationalist army, with the support of the Japanese, rallied traitors Bai Jianwu, Pan Yugui and thousands of local ruffians and hooligans to revolt in Wanping, and openly marched into Peiping under the banner of autonomy, which shocked the whole country. At this time, except for the 29th Army of Chahar, there was no China Army around Peiping, and the Beiping Army Division was in a panic. At this time, Xiao Zhenying took the opportunity to persuade the people and transferred 29 army to come to the rescue. Song got a call from Xiao Zhenying in Tianjin, jumped up with excitement and overturned the tea table. He immediately ordered Feng Zhian's 37th Division to March on Beiping. The 37th Division set out from Zhangjiakou in the morning and ran120km. In the afternoon, they entered the Xiyuan military camp in Beiping. Shi Yousan, Bai Jianwu, Pan Yugui and others gave up and fled back to Tianjin.
Later, Song successively transferred the 38th Division of Zhang Zizhong to Tianjin, the 132nd Division of Zhao to Renqiu, Gu 'an and Hejian in Hebei, and the 143rd Division of Liu Ruming stayed in Chahar. From then on, the 29th Army took control of Peiping, Tianjin, Hebei and Chahar, and the territory that Song dreamed of was finally in hand.
The 29th Army stationed in Peiping and Tianjin also got the acquiescence of the Japanese garrison in North China. The Japanese believe that the nationalist army has been excluded by the Nanjing government for a long time and separated from Chiang Kai-shek for a long time, which is most likely to cultivate pro-Japanese forces. However, the Japanese obviously underestimated the national integrity of Song and the generals of the 29th Army. Nanjing, on the other hand, is uneasy because Japan is now engaged in the "North China autonomy" movement. As long as Song nods, North China will soon become the second Manchuria. Chiang Kai-shek immediately sent Xiong Bin to Tianjin to woo Song. Song also you're welcome, want food to reimbursement, Xiong Bin promised down one by one.
1In August, 935, Chiang Kai-shek invited Song to meet him in Lushan. Song still had a bad feeling towards Chiang Kai-shek and was afraid of the Hongmen banquet, so he asked Qin Dechun to go instead. In Lushan Mountain, Chiang Kai-shek and Qin Dechun had a heart-to-heart talk, which made Qin Dechun obedient and faithfully followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan Province Province in the future. Chiang Kai-shek finally said to Qin Dechun: "At present, the national defense construction has not been completed, and it is impossible to resist Japan in an all-round way. We must buy time. The longer we maintain it, the greater our contribution to the country will be. I can only tell Song secretly and can't tell others. "
August 28th. The National Government formally appointed Song as the garrison commander, the director of Jicha appeasement office and the chairman of Hebei Province. When Yi Song came to power, he faced strong pressure from the Japanese side. The Japanese military department transferred two of the "four great masters of the Kwantung Army", namely Kenji Watada Takeo, to Tianjin to speed up the invasion of North China. Although Song did not want to rely on the Japanese, he also hoped to deal with the Japanese and Nanjing governments and keep the hard-won places such as Jicha, Beiping and Tianjin.
1in March, 935, the Nanjing government implemented the monetary system reform, replacing silver dollars with French coins, and the silver dollars collected from various places were transported to the Shanghai Treasury. Currency reform is an important measure for the Kuomintang government to unify China economically. After the financial power is centralized in the central government, the local separatist forces will not be able to make waves. The financial measures taken by the Nanjing government made the Japanese military furious. The Japanese troops stationed in Tianjin put forward the Outline of Financial Emergency Defense in North China to Song, demanding that the silver dollar should not be transported to the south, and warned: "The concentration of silver state-owned and cash silver in North China in Shanghai will endanger the economy of North China, hinder the interests of the Japanese empire, and trample on Japan's claims to North China in recent years. If it cannot be stopped and completely disposed of, Japan will achieve its goal with strength. " At the same time, the Japanese Kwantung Army also moved into the pass, and Japanese planes circled over Peiping every day to demonstrate. Under Japanese pressure and unwilling to lose financial autonomy, Song ordered a ban on the transportation of silver dollars to the south, and Shang Zhen in Henan and Han Fuju in Shandong responded immediately, which ruined the Nanjing government's plan to control the finance in North China.
Immediately after dohihara arrived in Tianjin, he put forward the "Plan for a High Degree of Autonomy in North China", demanding the establishment of an autonomous government in North China. Dohihara frequently visited Song's apartment, forcing Song to sign the plan. Look at the various evasions in Song Dynasty. dohihara issued an ultimatum to Song in193511,giving Song nine days to implement this plan, otherwise the Japanese army would send troops to Hebei, Shandong and Henan. Song was once again forced to do nothing. After consulting with Qin Dechun and Xiao Zhenying, he explicitly rejected dohihara's proposal, but at the same time, he electrified the whole country, demanding that the Nanjing government end its political discipline, implement constitutionalism and return government to the people. The electrification of Song Dynasty is equal to the declaration of "autonomy". At that time, public opinion was loud, and all walks of life condemned Song for defecting to the enemy and betraying the country, while the traitors and pro-Japanese organizations in North China jumped up and down to prepare for autonomy. The Nanjing government immediately questioned Song, defended itself, and suppressed the farce of Tianjin traitor autonomy. Fortunately, the Japanese government worried that the military was too radical and announced that the "high degree of autonomy plan for North China" was postponed, which made Song Song breathe a sigh of relief.
Although the crisis was temporarily lifted, Japan never gave up its intention of advocating autonomy in North China. Song saw that this stalemate was not a solution. After obtaining Chiang Kai-shek's consent, he set up the Jicha Government Affairs Committee on 18 February 18, with Song personally as the chairman, and the members of the Committee included the nationalist army, the Northeast Army and the pro-Japanese faction. In the eyes of the Japanese, the Jicha Government Committee is the autonomous regime in North China, and in the eyes of Nanjing people, it is the local government, which can be regarded as an account for both Japan and Nanjing. The establishment of the Jicha Government Committee made Song the leading strength figure in North China, and the 29th Army immediately became the largest local armed group in North China.
3. Ping Jin's loss
Following the establishment of the Administrative Committee, 29 army has rapidly expanded to 5 divisions and 48 regiments with a total strength of 654.38+10,000. Among them, Zhang Zizhong 38th Division has 5 brigades, 1 1 regiment, with nearly 30,000 troops. 29 army's equipment at this time is also impressive. Soldiers generally use Czech rifles, platoon leaders use German Bergman submachine guns, and company commanders each have 1 20 muskets. Each shift is equipped with 2 grenade launchers, 2 rifle grenades and 1 Czech light machine gun. The whole division * * * is equipped with more than 700 light machine guns, which is more than twice as much as the 274 compiled by the Central Army A Division. Due to the improvement of training level and weapons and equipment, 29 army at this time can be regarded as one of the strongest fighting forces in China.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/936, the Japanese army stationed in North China held a military exercise, taking Beiping and Fengtai as imaginary targets to demonstrate to the China government. Song immediately decided to tit-for-tat, held 29 army exercises. More than 10,000 people participated in Japanese exercises/KLOC-0, and more than 50,000 people participated in 29 army exercises. Ma Zhuang, the soldier of the 29th Army, also gave Song a lot of confidence.
12 The An Incident broke out 12, and the military settlement faction headed by He and the political settlement faction headed by Feng Yuxiang were sent to Nanjing. Shandong Han Fuju issued a "horse power" praising Zhang Xueliang's action as a wise feat, claiming that his troops were "ordered to drive west" and asking Zhang and Yang to "pray for no misunderstanding". Song, on the other hand, stood on the side of Feng Yuxiang, the old chief executive, and sent out an "overflow message", calling for a peaceful settlement and ensuring the safety of leaders. Han Fuju misjudged the situation and laid the groundwork for being killed by Jiang in the future. Song Yuan Zhe firmly supported Chiang Kai-shek, who was very popular with him. Later, Song repeatedly made big mistakes and lost Pingjin, but Chiang Kai-shek did not take him as a scapegoat.
Entering 1937, the situation in North China is surprisingly calm. At the beginning of February, the Linxi Cabinet of Japan came to power and immediately advocated a new policy of not using force. Japanese business circles frequently extend olive branches and send delegations to visit China, only talking about economy, not politics. In April, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs adopted the outline for the third time to deal with the North China issue, saying that it is necessary to "adopt a fair attitude ... to form friendly relations between Japan and China." The troops stationed in North China also took the initiative to improve relations with the Hebei authorities. They not only presented more than a dozen mountain guns of the 29th Army in an unprecedented way, but also invited Song and Zhang Zizhong to visit Japan for joint exercises of land, sea and air. Song didn't want to go, so Zhang Zizhong led a delegation to visit Japan. In response to a reporter's question, Song said: "China and Japan are big countries in the Far East and should be jointly responsible for the Far East incident. Otherwise, others will benefit and both China and Japan will suffer. We hope that the responsible leaders of the two countries will understand their status and work hard to eliminate existing difficulties and promote prosperity and peace on both sides in accordance with the principle of equality. " This remark was attacked by all walks of life, which made Song extremely distressed. In fact, the Song Dynasty was only the keynote of diplomacy with the Nanjing government. The Japanese have a smiling face for the first time, and they can't help but give others a little face.
In fact, the olive branch extended by Japan is completely an illusion. 1in the spring of 937, the Japanese side dispatched a large number of Kwantung troops from outside the customs, and the number of Japanese troops between Peiping and Tianjin increased to 30,000 to 40,000. Since April 25th, North China garrison troops have frequently conducted combat drills in the suburbs of Ping Jin, and in June, they began to conduct day and night drills aimed at attacking Lugou Bridge and seizing the ancient city of Wanping. On June 2 1, the North China Garrison established the Emergency Temporary Operations Section. There are indications that the Japanese military is actively preparing for war.
The 29th Army has been at loggerheads with the Japanese in Peiping and Tianjin for two years. During this period, conflicts continued, but they were all resolved politically. Therefore, they are careless from top to bottom and pay little attention to the frequent activities of the Japanese army. On the other hand, the officers and men of the 29th Army overestimated their own strength, and thought that the Japanese army in Ping Jin had only 30,000 people and could not compete with the 19th Army with 100,000 people. 1937 In May, Song was tired of living with the Japanese army and left Beiping to return to his hometown in Laoling, Shandong Province for illness. While Song was enjoying his rare leisure in his hometown, the Lugouqiao Incident, which shocked China and foreign countries, broke out.
On the evening of July 1 1, Song returned to Tianjin from Shandong. At this time, Song thought that "at present, the Japanese are not ready to launch a full-scale war against China, so long as we make some concessions, a partial solution is still possible". Nanjing's instructions are also "fighting instead of fighting". According to this spirit, the ministries of the 29 th Army remained on hold. He Jifeng, brigade commander of the 37th Division, demanded to take the initiative to attack when the Japanese army in Fengtai was empty, but Zhang Zizhong stopped him. In fact, the Japanese government has made a decision to expand the war. The Japanese army in North China discovered the strength of the 29th Army in Wanping World War I, and only then did it feel that its strength was insufficient. Negotiations with the authorities in Hebei Province are just delaying tactics to buy time for sending more troops. Song, Zhang Zizhong and others lacked a clear judgment, and still committed themselves to resolving the incident through diplomatic mediation, so they signed an armistice agreement with Japan.
During the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the situation in Ping Jin, the Japanese army occupied various strategic locations according to the "Xin Chou Treaty", and staggered with 29 army's positions. In this way, 29 army had to watch the Japanese army move frequently under the cover of the armistice agreement and occupy a favorable offensive position. Until late July, Song did not have a clear understanding of the situation. At this time, the reinforcements of the Central Army have arrived in Baoding and Cangzhou. At this time, Song was still worried that the Central Army would come to grab his territory. In his letter to Chiang Kai-shek on the 24th, he still said, "Please be patient, be wronged for a while, and retreat the northern army a little to ease the situation and complete the preparations."
By the end of July, the Japanese army had successively transferred the 5th, 6th, 20th divisions from China and Northeast China, and independently mixed the 1st 1 and the 1st 1 1 brigades to Ping Jin. Together with the original Tianjin garrison, the total strength reached100000. On the evening of 26th, the commander of the garrison sent an ultimatum to Yueqing to Song, limiting 29 army to withdraw from Peiping before noon on 27th, which was flatly rejected by Song. Only then did Song realize that war was inevitable. 27, held a military meeting, ready to attack in August 1 day, 37th division in conjunction with Zhao 132 division main attack Fengtai, Zhang Zizhong 38th division attack Tianjin temple.
The Japanese pre-empted and launched an all-out attack in the early morning of the 28th. There was a fierce battle in Nanyuan, Beiyuan, Xiyuan and Tongxian, and the 29th Army rushed to the war. The situation is very unfavorable. Song is now faced with a dilemma: there is no danger to defend in this area, and the Japanese army has superior forces and has taken the lead. Not only is it difficult for 29 army to win this battle, but it may even lose the capital; If we retreat, we will bear a great responsibility. Without Peiping and Tianjin, we will not be able to explain to Nanjing and the people. While Song hesitated, the bad news came that the headquarters of Nanyuan of the 29th Army was attacked by the main Japanese army, and the deputy commander Tong and the commander Zhao were killed. The army headquarters and the troops directly under the 132 division were outnumbered and defeated. Nanyuan fell, and the defense line of the 29 th Army was cut off by the middle road, which was in danger.
Chiang Kai-shek has just sent a telegram asking Song to evacuate to Baoding. At this time, Song had a heavy mind to save his strength. He said to Zhang Zizhong: "The Northwest Army was established by Mr. Feng's painstaking efforts all his life, and we should keep this foundation for him. You can't do it. 29 army's front is too long now, so we have to take the troops into custody. Only you can negotiate with the Japanese and delay for a week ... "Zhang Zizhong was ordered to act as the mayor of Beiping. He said to Qin Dechun: "You and Mr. Song have become national heroes, and I am afraid that you have become traitors!" On the morning of the 29th, 29 army withdrew all but four regiments to maintain law and order.
When the people of Peiping went out early in the morning, they found that the national army had abandoned the people of Peiping and Tianjin and retreated, while notices signed by Zhang Zizhong were posted everywhere, advising the people to go about their business and not to bother themselves. So public opinion exploded, everyone thought that Zhang Zizhong had been a traitor, and at that time the whole country denounced "self-loyalty". Zhang Zizhong is a man with a strong sense of self-esteem and honor. This encounter hit him hard and he was determined to die.
Step 4: Die of depression.
After Song retreated to Baoding, he still fantasized that Zhang Zizhong would pacify the Japanese army, solve the incident peacefully, and lead the army back to Peiping and Tianjin. However, news from Peiping in Zhang Zizhong showed that the Japanese army was still coming from outside the customs, and there was no sign of the end of the war. After a period of time, major newspapers across the country began to investigate the responsibility of the fall of Pingjin, pointing directly at Song Dynasty, and Nanjing was also ambiguous. Song knew that Chiang Kai-shek was good at finding scapegoats. At this time, he is worried about whether he can be brought to justice to blame the people of China.
In mid-August, Song received a telegram from Chiang Kai-shek asking him to return to Beijing, so he was uneasy and sent Qin Dechun to pick him up. Qin Dechun brought back unexpected good news. Instead of criticizing Song, Chiang Kai-shek encouraged him. He also agreed to expand the 29 army into the 1 Army. The establishment of the first army is: expanding the original four divisions into three armies, with Song as the commander-in-chief, and merging the original 37 divisions and the 132 divisions into 77 armies as commanders; The original 38th Division was expanded to 59th Army, and the commander was Song Zi (Zhang Zizhong returned later). The original 143 Division was expanded into the 68th Army, and Liu Ruming was appointed as the commander. The troops are stationed along Jinpu Road.
But not long after, Nanjing appointed Feng Yuxiang as the commander-in-chief of the Sixth Theater to command the anti-Japanese war on Jinpu Road. Song knew that this was a disguised power grab, so he excused himself and went to Taishan for recuperation. Feng Yuxiang came to the First Army with great pride and found that his former subordinates had already left Germany with him and could not command at all. Xiao Zhensheng took the opportunity to fan the flames everywhere, wooing Feng Zhian and alienating the generals of the First Army. At the beginning of September, Iwatani Division began to attack south along Jinpu Road. At this point, the internal contradictions of the First Army are numerous, and the generals are suspicious of each other, which will collapse at the touch of a button. As a last resort, Nanjing transferred Feng Yuxiang and sent Song back to clean up the situation.
Song wants to make a difference after returning to the army. He took the initiative to ask Nanjing to launch a counterattack and attack Xingtai. His battle plan was approved by Chiang Kai-shek. It was discovered by the Japanese reconnaissance plane before the ministries of the First Army entered the attack site. So a Huncheng brigade of the Japanese army set out from Handan and attacked Daming. He Jifeng's 179 division is stationed in Daming. After seven days of tenacious resistance, it was exhausted. This battle fully reflects the general idea of the first army commander to preserve his strength. When the name was in danger, Shi Yousan Department on the left and Huang Weigang Department on the right refused to help. Song's counterattack plan was aborted because his name was lost.
Only then did Song feel the low morale and contradiction in the army. Soon, Nanking successively moved the 68th Army of Liu Ruming and the 59th Army of Zhang Zizhong to the south. At this time, Song had completely lost the fighting spirit and tried to preserve his residual strength. His men saw through his mind and ran away, leaving Song and his army tribe behind. In this way, when he retreated to Maojindu, Song received an order to transfer to the deputy commander of the first war zone, so he left the army he had worked hard for many years.
Two years later, Song Yuanzhe died in Mianyang, Sichuan, and was posthumously awarded as a first-class general. Zhu De and Xiang Peng presented an elegiac couplet: "World War I and peace, when the moment of change, can be bigger than the world;" Make persistent efforts, there will be many people behind, and calcium dobesilate capsules will be in Jiuquan. " Holding Song's arm: "The lost land has not been recovered, and the tiger's power shows the lugou moon;" Mianyang can't afford to shake, and the sound of cockroaches breaks Jinjiang Spring. " Chiang Kai-shek took Song: "The mainstay is always arrogant; The stars are five feet cold and unbearable. "
The story of 29 army, the leader of the Anti-Japanese War, is not over yet. The 68th Army of Liu Ruming and the 59th Army of Zhang Zizhong both participated in the Xuzhou Battle, and made outstanding achievements. Later, 33 armies were formed, 55 armies were in Cao Fulin, 59 armies were in Zhang Zizhong, 77 armies were in Feng Zhian, Zhang Zizhong was the commander, and Feng Zhian was the deputy commander, which was a continuation of 29 army. The 33rd Army later participated in the Sui-Zao Campaign and the Zao-Yi Campaign, all of which made great contributions. Zhang Zizhong died heroically in the battle of Zaoyi, and Feng Zhian took over as commander. After the Battle of Zaoyi, the Thirty-Three Armies were badly weakened, but because they were mixed-brand troops, they could not be supplemented and their combat effectiveness went from bad to worse. Three years later, he joined the battle of Changde and became a second-rate army. After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the 33rd Army was reorganized into the 33rd Army, and Feng Zhian remained as the commander. Feng Zhian led his troops to the Huaihai Campaign and revolted near Han Zhuang and Taierzhuang.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
Song is a rather complicated figure. His inner patriotism and warlord consciousness are equally strong, which often leads him into fierce ideological struggle. Song Yuanzhe has a deep-rooted idea of warlord separatism. What he did in Peiping and Tianjin was partly forced by the Japanese, and the other half still hoped to establish an independent kingdom and engage in military separatism. Chiang Kai-shek made great efforts to win him over, but Song finally refused to throw himself at him. After the Lugouqiao Incident, Song kept saying that he would leave some inheritance for Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army, which reflected that Feng Yuxiang was always higher than Chiang Kai-shek in his heart. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek had achieved reunification, and those who followed me prospered, while those who opposed me perished. How many generals of the Northwest Army kept pace with the times and took refuge in Chiang Kai-shek? Song's loyalty to Feng Yuxiang was lamentable.
Song didn't want to fight against Japan and kill the enemy, but the deep-rooted warlord thought in his mind finally ruined his military career. Chiang Kai-shek can reuse Zhang Zizhong, Liu Ruming and others, as well as Sun Lianzhong and other Kuomintang generals, but he refuses to use Song, which is to see through his selfishness. Zhang Zizhong struggled with the 59 th Army and the semi-original division in Lunan on his own, regardless of casualties, and won a great victory in Linyi; Sun Lianzhong defended Taierzhuang, and it was also with the determination to light up the troops that Taierzhuang won a great victory. It is this spirit of sacrificing the ego and perfecting the ego that finally won the victory for China in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
In the final analysis, Song is a figure created in the decades-long warlord melee in China. Although he has unyielding national integrity, due to his fatal ideological defects, he cannot become the mainstay of resisting Japan and saving the country. It is indeed regrettable that Song finally failed to die in the battlefield and got the most ideal home for a soldier, but it is also reasonable.
Transfer from: Muwen Finance Forum