1823 65438+On February 2nd, the fifth President J. Monroe put forward the principle of American foreign policy in his State of the Union address, which was called "Monroe Doctrine" in history. It is an important symbol of American foreign expansion policy. Since T Jefferson came to power, the United States has entered a period of large-scale territorial expansion. Its expansion policy clashed sharply with Britain. At that time, the "holy alliance" in Europe attempted to interfere with the independence movement in Latin America; Britain also took this opportunity to expand into Latin America. 1823 65438+On February 2, President Monroe declared in his speech to Congress that the United States would not interfere in the internal affairs of European powers or in wars between them; The United States recognizes and does not interfere in the colonies and protectorates of European powers in Latin America; European powers are no longer allowed to colonize South America and North America; Any attempt by a European power to control or oppress countries in North and South America will be regarded as hostile acts against the United States and put forward the slogan "America is America's America".

During the period of 1899, the U.S. government successively proposed the so-called "open door" and equal trade opportunities for China to the governments of Britain, Russia and other six countries.

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The United States demands "benefit sharing" on the premise of recognizing the "sphere of influence" and the privileges obtained by big countries in China.

The main contents of the "open door" policy are:

Do not interfere in any treaty, port or any vested interests;

Goods from all countries are subject to customs duties according to the current tax rate of the China government;

Within their respective "spheres of influence", countries may not charge more than their own fees for ships and freight from other countries.

In the late 1960s and early 1990s. During these 30 years, due to the end of the Second Opium War, foreign powers once adopted a "cooperative policy" towards China, resulting in a temporary stable situation of "peace between China and foreign countries and nothing happened for ten years" (in Zeng Guofan's words), which basically lasted until the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, except for some local incidents later. At home, after Taiping Army and Nian Army were suppressed, the peasant uprising was relatively silent for 30 years.

The fundamental purpose of cooperation is to safeguard the privileges of the great powers in China. At that time, the peasant uprising was surging. If the peasants succeeded, their privileges in China would be lost, so they cooperated with the Qing government.

* * * With the suppression of the uprising