"Middle School as the Body, Western Learning for Use" is the guiding ideology of the Westernization School, which is comprehensively discussed by Zhang Zhidong in his book "Encouraging Learning". In order to reconcile the contradiction between the die-hards of the ruling class and the reformists, Zhang Zhidong systematically summarized his own Westernization practice, and summed up his predecessors' thoughts as a slogan, "Take middle school as the body and western learning as the use", which became the ideological weapon of the Westernization School.