Origin folding
According to historical records, incense was first introduced to China by western countries paying tribute to the Central Plains Dynasty. In the early days, it was mostly used to eliminate diseases, and the record of incense and Buddha worship began in Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Since then, "fragrance" has been passed down from generation to generation in traditional culture, and it also shows the spirit of respecting heaven and ancestors.
Action folding
1 Worship Buddha and ancestors
When worshipping Buddha and ancestors, people will light a incense and express their respect and memory through the lingering smoke.
Aromatherapy treatment
Incense can clear the heart and nourish the nature. Sandalwood incense helps to relax the spirit, reduce stress and ward off evil spirits, and inhibit qi activity; Jasmine fragrance helps to improve respiratory function, help sleep and solve insomnia; Lilac aromatherapy helps to repel mosquitoes and insects, purify the air and treat beriberi.
3 fresh air
Fang Chang's famous incense burns hygienically, the time is accurate, and the incense ash is not easy to fly. It is an ideal choice for modern families to purify indoor air, sterilize and remove odor.
4 mosquito repellent
Many types of ships, such as incense wood, are famous for their incense. It can be burned in an incense burner or put in a sachet, which has the effect of fumigating clothes and preventing insects.
Classification folding
Buddhism has a long history of worshipping Buddha and incense. There are countless kinds of incense, which are also recorded in ancient books.
In the third volume of On the Land of Yoga Masters, it is said: "There are five kinds of incense, namely, root incense, stem incense, leaf incense, flower fragrance and fruit fragrance." In the sixth part of Hokkekyo, only the following flowers are listed: Sumana, Emulsion, Jasmine, Grape, Paramita, Cymbidium, White Lotus, Sandalwood, Domoro, Datura, Datura, Maha Datura and Maha Datura.
The Roger Classic in Suzhou divides incense into:
1, five kinds of aroma: Shenshuixiang, White Sandalwood, Rosewood, Shaluo and Tianmu.
2. Seven kinds of gum incense: Gandhara Poxiang, Sareropo Poxiang, Anxi Poxiang, Styrax Poxiang, Smoked Reed Poxiang, Sherorong Poxiang, and Sri Visser Kaxiang.
According to the raw materials of incense:
Dan Sandalwood, also known as Sandalwood, has two kinds: white sandalwood and red sandalwood;
Shenshuixiang, also known as Aquilaria Resinatum, is made of resin produced in fragrant wood such as India and Nanyang.
Ding, namely clove;
Tulips and turmeric are squeezed by the sweat of crocus;
Borneol, a kind of camphor, is made of fragrant wood produced in Nanyang;
The above is called spiced. When Tantric Sect made an altar, it buried five fragrant and precious grains in the ground. In addition, there are incense (also called frankincense, like turpentine), galo, real plate (also called real plate, which contains dark brown resin, or refers to black agarwood), benzoin (made from sebum sweat of fragrant wood produced in Nanyang, or grinding resin into powder) and so on.
According to the shape of incense:
Stick incense, thread incense, coil incense, pill incense, painting incense, incense and so on.
According to the production of incense classification:
End fragrance, thread fragrance, petal fragrance, coil fragrance and so on.
The last incense is the powder of fragrant wood, because it can ignite the smell, and it can also add oil to the exposed parts of the human body to prevent insects from biting.
Linear incense is a fragrant branch, which is made by mixing all kinds of fragrant powder together and adding paste. Line incense is also called fairy incense and longevity incense, because the smoke column of line incense is very long, so it is called fairy incense; The production of thread incense is very slender, so it is called longevity incense. Sometimes, "Fu Lu Shou" shaped "Fu Shou Xiang" can be used for festive occasions.
Petal fragrance is a fragment of sandalwood. Because sandalwood is split into small petals, it is called petal fragrance. Because fine sandalwood is the best fragrance, petal fragrance is also called big fragrance. So when some magicians say incense, they all say "this petal of incense."
Coil incense is to bend the super-long linear incense into overlapping annular incense rings before drying and hardening.
Xiu Xiang Miaoxiang Folding
Miaoxiang is an indispensable thing in practice. In Buddhist scriptures, the function of chanting Samadhi is likened to "fragrance and solemnity", and the memory of mother and child and the fragrance dyed on human body are likened to chanting Buddha. For example, chanting Buddha cultivates the merits of Buddha and fills the body and mind. In the pure land that bodhisattvas wish to achieve, all the wonderful fragrant winds blow at will, and the heavens in the world of desire often touch their bodies with soft fragrant winds. In Buddhist scriptures, Ba Ding Shui is also called perfume sea because of its fragrance. In the pure land of the Buddhas, there is a world of incense famous for its fragrance. This shows the importance of fragrance. There are various methods of childlike innocence in Lengyan Jing, among which the fragrant and strict boy was invented by smelling the fragrance of submerged water, which proved the status of Siraitia grosvenorii. "Sweet and strict lad, that is, since the seat, proffering homage to the Buddha's foot, white Buddha's words, smelling the Tathagata to teach me to view all things, leaving the Buddha, having a feast, seeing all the monks burning and drowning, the aroma entered the nose. I think this gas is not empty, not annihilation, not fire, nothing to write, nothing to come, no intention to disappear, and no leakage in invention. If you print me, I will have a sweet name. The dust goes out and the fragrance is solemn. I got Lohan from Xiang Yan. Buddha asked Tong Yuan, as I have proved, incense is strict. Good and wonderful incense also represents the discipline of being quiet and virtuous, and represents five dharma bodies, namely, abstaining from incense, fixing incense, benefiting incense, releasing incense, and releasing knowledge to see incense. Really following the teachings of the Buddha and being diligent in practice can be described as igniting inner fragrance and sincere dedication. The incense made of agarwood, Daphne or Sandalwood of Junyouhui is the top grade of Buddha offering. It can send good information to all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas and increase the roots of the yogi's body. Incense is ignited in the fire, which is cool from heat, permeates the heart, keeps people mindful and turns troubles into bodhi. The importance of practicing Buddhism lies in providing for the buddhas, bodhisattvas, King Kong, dharma protectors and ancestors in the past dynasties. In "Nine Kinds of Offerings", Volume 10 of the Biography of Fahua, Kumarajiva once said that ten kinds of offerings must be prepared to support torchbearers, one flower, two fragrances, three wreaths, four fragrances, six fragrances, seven flags, eight clothes, nine geisha and ten fragrances. Among them, there are four kinds of incense, which shows the importance of incense in various offerings, especially in providing good and strange incense. In the offerings, smearing incense represents abstinence from paramita, and burning incense represents diligence in paramita. The Secret of the Tang Dynasty is recorded in the book "Burning incense separately" by Roger Sutra in Suzhou. It is recorded that the Buddhist practice should burn agarwood, the diamond department should burn white sandalwood and the lotus department should burn tulips. Five kinds of incense must be prepared for the achievements contained in "Bei pian", namely, the fragrance of submerged water, white sandalwood, rosewood, Miluo and Tianmu. However, Tommy's Six Ancestors Sanzang's "The Buddha's Peak is Better than Dalagni's Ritual of Chanting" states that the method of repairing disasters should burn the fragrance of sinking water, and the method of increasing laws should burn the sandalwood. The way to surrender is to burn benzoin, and the way to love is to burn styrax. When practicing Peacock Classic, five kinds of spices should be burned, namely agarwood, white gum, purple incense, benzoin and smoked Lu incense. When Tommy made the altar method, he used five kinds of incense, namely agarwood, sandalwood, clove, tulip and borneol, representing all the incense and five treasures, and put them in porcelain bottles, porcelain boxes and gold and silver vessels, and buried them in the center of the altar with the curse of heaven and earth, a total of 108 times. In the law of protecting motorcycles in the Tang Dynasty, scattered incense and pill incense were put into the fire to burn and support, on the one hand, they showed the meaning of diligence; On the other hand, burning incense means subtle troubles, stupidity, pills means anger, flowers mean greed, and burning in the fire means that all troubles are exhausted by the fire of wisdom. Aquilaria sinensis ranks first among many fragrance types.
Cultural Folding of Perfume
Fragrant culture is a series of articles, techniques, methods, habits, systems and concepts that can reflect the spiritual temperament, national traditions, aesthetic concepts, values, thinking patterns and unique world outlook of the Chinese nation in the long historical process around the production, processing, compatibility and use of various fragrant products. Xiang culture permeates many aspects of social life, and the study of Xiang culture should also start from many aspects, involving a series of topics, such as the history of Xiang culture; Production, processing and compatibility of spices; Develop aromatic products; Production and use of incense utensils (utensils for making incense) and incense utensils (tools for using incense); Incense and religion; Incense and various cultural and artistic works and so on.
Meaning folding of fragrance
Ming, silk, enamel, gluttonous fragrance, smart, noble and unpretentious; Mysterious, profound and approachable. It accompanied the sages of the Chinese nation through five thousand years of vicissitudes of life and walked out of the glorious course of Chinese civilization shining in the world. It enlightens talents and virtues, nurtures the mind and body of people with lofty ideals, and builds a golden bridge of wisdom between man and nature. It is an important catalyst and promoting factor for the birth of China's humanistic spirit and the formation of philosophical thoughts.
People's love for incense is innate, just like butterflies' love for flowers and sunshine of wood.
Incense, arousing the spirituality of the soul in euphoria, can adjust the breath, dredge the nasal cavity, enlighten the mind, and reconcile the body and mind between the tangible and the intangible, which has endless magical uses. It is precisely because of this profound understanding that emperors, generals and literati of past dynasties have always treasured incense as gold and loved it.
Fragrant, not only leisurely with the piano room in the study, but also ethereal in the temple altar; Not only can you watch silently in a quiet room, but you can also entertain yourself at the dinner. It can not only soothe the nerves in the air, but also cure diseases; It is both an elite culture and a popular culture. In fact, there is no fixed label for its origin, only beautiful nature comes from nature.
The poem "Burning Incense" written by Chen Qufei in Song Dynasty can represent the ancient people's evaluation of incense in China to some extent.
Open the window to prolong the quiet day, sit quietly and eliminate the dust;
I want infinity. I want to smoke this cigarette.
At that time, I was cautious and wise, and I was wonderful to everyone.
I am not a good friend, but I am sober now.
The furnace smoke is lonely, and there are thousands of clouds;
Long volley away, ethereal with the wind.
Everything has happened before, and the smog has not changed;
It should be the moon in the water, and the waves will be round.
It is the best fragrance for human beings in our nature, but it is difficult to verify the exact time when people began to use incense. Judging from the existing historical materials, the history of using incense in China can be traced back to before the Spring and Autumn Period. By the Han Dynasty, incense burners were widely used, incense and clothes were popular in the upper class, various techniques of spice blending appeared, and incense culture began to take shape. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the literati class began to use incense more. By the Tang Dynasty, incense had made great progress in many aspects. In the Song Dynasty, Hunan culture reached its peak and was completely integrated into people's daily life. Since then, it has maintained and developed steadily in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The development of Hunan culture in China can be summarized as follows: it started in the Spring and Autumn Period, became in the Han Dynasty, became in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.
Since modern times, the fate of the Chinese nation has been ill-fated, and the development of incense culture has been greatly hindered, gradually confined to temples and shrines. Even today, many people still regard incense as a corner of religious culture and even fall into the category of feudal superstition, which is a regret of the times.
From Liu Xiang, Li Shangyin, Li Yu, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian to Zhu, Zhu, Zhu and Zhu, a large number of fragrant poems have been handed down. From The Book of Songs to A Dream of Red Mansions, from Abelu to Compendium of Materia Medica, there are records about incense in classic works of past dynasties. ...
After thousands of years of wind and rain, China's incense culture has left a rare wealth to the nation and history. It is worrying to pay attention to her weather today, but it is gratifying and exciting that China people who have walked through the turbulent 20th century are beginning to examine the merits and demerits of traditional culture with a clearer eye and repay its brilliant essence with more wise love and cherish. There are many people who know, like and enjoy incense, are interested in traditional culture and care about her development. China's fragrant culture, which has been involved in the long river for thousands of years, should make people full of confidence, and will certainly be able to overcome one or two twists and turns and show its charming brilliance again.