Hazard identification and emergency management in wind farm construction

With the continuous acceleration of China's modernization process, the demand for energy is increasing. Wind energy as a clean,

Environmental protection and renewable new energy sources have received unprecedented favor. According to the 11th Five-Year Plan of renewable energy development announced by the National Development and Reform Commission, by 20 10, the total installed capacity of wind power generation in China will reach 10 million kilowatts, and it is expected to reach 30 million kilowatts by 2020. The golden age of wind power development has arrived, and the whole country is in provinces with natural conditions, such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and coastal Jiangsu. Establishing an early warning mechanism for major construction safety hazards in wind farm construction and perfecting the emergency rescue system for wind farm construction are important contents for implementing the National Law on Work Safety and the Regulations on Work Safety Management of Construction Projects of the State Council, improving and improving the safety management level of wind farm construction and implementing safety production and emergency management. I have the honor to participate in the wind power construction team in China. Based on the actual situation of the project, this paper discusses the hazard identification and emergency management of wind farm.

1. Introduction to wind farm A wind farm is a place where natural wind energy is converted into electric energy. Wind farms are usually built in places rich in resources.

China's wind resources are mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Jiangsu and other regions. Wind farms usually have the characteristics of geographical location, poor natural conditions, large area and wide technical fields. Usually, a wind farm consists of wind turbine engineering, collecting lines, booster stations, transmission lines and extensions of the opposite substation. A 50,000 kW wind farm, covering an area of about 10 ~ 20k m2, usually consists of about 40 wind turbines. It is necessary to build 20 ~ 30 kilometers of collector lines, 50 mu of booster stations, dozens of kilometers of transmission lines and the expansion project of the opposite substation responsible for line access. In this long construction face, many teams are working at the same time, with many points and wide areas, and the contradiction of safety problems is prominent. For the safety management organization of the project, the construction project is a major hazard source. Only by identifying the hazards of each sub-project, establishing an accident emergency rescue system on the basis of hazard identification, and carrying out effective emergency management, can we truly achieve "safety first, prevention first" and "nip in the bud".

2. Hazard identification of wind farm The construction period of wind farm is usually 8 ~ 10 month. During this period, due to the long working face and high labor intensity of wind farm construction, the construction process is usually divided into three stages: foundation construction, equipment installation, network organization and electrical debugging, and each stage has different construction characteristics. According to the characteristics of different stages of construction, it is more scientific to identify hazards in stages and formulate emergency plans in a targeted manner.

2. 1 Foundation construction stage In the foundation construction stage, each unit project mainly focuses on foundation surface construction, and foundation excavation, steel bar binding and concrete pouring are started for fan project, gathering and transportation line, booster station and head and tail expansion. The characteristic of this stage is that although it is made up of

The industry is large, but the nature of the work is consistent, the characteristics are outstanding, and it is easy to carry out homogenization management. At this stage, the main hazard source is the collapse of earth and stone in the process of foundation excavation; Metal cutting and welding in steel bar binding and safety protection of various construction electrical equipment; Collapse accidents caused by formwork and support, material lifting and scaffold instability in foundation concrete construction; And accidental injuries caused by operation, maintenance and assembly of construction vehicles.

2.2 Equipment Installation Stage During the equipment installation stage, the working differences of each working face began to appear. On the working face of the fan project, the tower, machine room, hub, blades and box transformer of the fan began to be hoisted, and the hoisting hazards of large-scale lifting machinery, falling at high altitude during handling, including the disassembly and assembly of large-tonnage cranes and site moving accidents became the main hazards; At the booster station and the opposite expansion site, the support frame was assembled and the auxiliary facilities were built. In aerial work, accidents such as people stepping on the air, slipping and instability caused by inadequate protective measures and people not wearing safety ropes, accidents of falling objects and personal injury caused by cross operation of vertical working surfaces, and collapse accidents caused by formwork, support, material lifting and scaffold instability during construction are the main hazards at this stage; On the gathering and transportation line, the iron tower began to be assembled, and the accidental injuries caused by hoisting, climbing and material stacking during the assembly process of the iron tower, the metal cutting and punching of the iron tower components, and the safety protection of various construction tools became the main hazards.

2.3 Network Organization and Electrical Commissioning Stage

At this stage, the main means to prevent accidental liability injury caused by unclear construction demarcation point is to start the networking connection of each unit project, set a clear construction demarcation point, and reasonably arrange construction procedures and personnel at the demarcation point. In the gathering and transmission line engineering, the directionality and workmanship in the pay-off process are poor, and the use of safety belts and helmets during aerial work,

Insufficient safety protection facilities lead to falling objects from high altitude becoming the main hazard source. The auxiliary facilities of booster station began to be renovated, and the electrical and hoisting dangers in the installation of auxiliary equipment should not be underestimated. Electric shock injury and accidental injury of high-voltage equipment in electrical debugging of various units are also the main hazards.

2.4 Other hazards

Wind farms are usually built in areas rich in wind energy, and these areas are often prone to extreme weather. Therefore, in the construction of wind farms, we should actively respond to the extreme weather that may occur under different seasonal characteristics. It is very important to do a good job in wind prevention, sand prevention, rainstorm prevention, lightning protection, antifreeze and fire prevention in the wild.

3. Safety emergency management in wind farm construction Emergency management refers to the activities of preventing social, natural and engineering emergencies in advance, responding to them and managing them afterwards by establishing necessary response mechanisms to ensure the safety of people, machines and things. In the construction of wind farm, due to the remote geographical location, low population density, high probability of extreme weather and large-scale engineering equipment, the management is mainly aimed at extreme weather and engineering emergencies to ensure the safety of people, machines and things. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics and hazard sources of wind farms in different stages, we have formulated corresponding emergency plans for different seasons and different working stages, highlighting the characteristics of wind power construction in emergency management, fully embodying the emergency thinking of "prevention first, standing by constantly" and ensuring construction safety.

3. 1 Prevention in emergency management mainly refers to safety management and safety technology.

Prevent accidents or take preventive measures in advance to reduce or slow down the severity of the impact or consequences of accidents. In the process of wind farm construction, safety education for the personnel of each construction unit is one of the main means to prevent accidents. Safety education runs through the whole construction cycle of power plant, aiming at different construction stages and different construction teams, combining with each other.

At this stage, through publicity materials, propaganda films, safety questions and answers, concentrated lectures and other forms, the identification of dangerous sources and seasonal characteristics are studied and educated to enhance the self-protection ability of construction workers under construction and bad weather conditions. Improve the equipment of safety instruments, punish units that are not equipped with safety instruments, and educate, warn and punish units that are equipped with safety instruments but do not use them or cannot use them correctly. Because the wind farm has a large operating area and many operating points, all operating points must be covered with warning signs and obvious signs. Strengthen the safety inspection of the field construction site and minimize the night construction of the field construction surface. If construction is required at night, the operation surface must be recorded, and sufficient lighting should be ensured, which should be monitored by the safety officer.

3.2 Preparation work

Emergency preparedness is an extremely critical process in emergency management. It is all kinds of preparations and quick and effective emergency actions for possible accidents in advance. On the basis of the safety committee, an accident emergency leading group and an accident emergency command system were established, and an accident emergency plan was made according to the characteristics of hazard sources in different working stages. In the construction site of wind farm, due to the characteristics of vast territory, sparse population and long operation front, communication and traffic guarantee in emergency preparation have become the key to realize accident emergency plan. In the field, a mode of simultaneous operation of multiple communication systems should be established. Usually, GSM, CDMA, fixed telephone and special radio are used at the same time, and special emergency fixed telephone is set to announce the telephone number; Safety personnel are equipped with GSM/CDMA dual-mode mobile phones and walkie-talkies, and the heads of each operation team use mobile phones, and the walkie-talkies are in standby state to establish more reliable communication guarantee. In terms of traffic security, special vehicles are used as backup, and all the construction on site is under unified command. Special security vehicles equipped with special drivers shall not be transferred without authorization for other reasons; First of all, all engineering vehicles will be incorporated into the above communication system to facilitate dispatching in case of emergency and deal with possible traffic relays. In the case of communication and traffic security, drill the pre-made emergency plan for accidents, improve the plan on the basis of the drill, and make emergency preparations.

3.3 Response and Recovery

Emergency response is to take emergency and rescue actions immediately after the accident and implement the rehearsed accident emergency plan. After the accident, immediately restore the accident-affected area to a safe state and gradually return to a normal state. In the construction of wind farm, due to the multi-line length of the working face, the site is usually closed after the accident, and the site is unsealed after fully studying the cause of the accident and formulating corresponding countermeasures, and the construction is resumed under the condition of fully ensuring safety.

4 conclusion

Today, China is striding towards modernization, and large-scale engineering construction on all fronts is in full swing. At the same time, the project safety has also been highly valued by the state. The State Council has designated 2009 as the Year of Safe Production, and the theme of Safe Production Month is "Caring for Life and Safe Development". Based on the author's own accumulation in safety management of wind farm construction, this paper hopes to provide some reference for millions of colleagues and contribute to the safety construction of "people-oriented, safety first".