Loyalty means helping your motherland, your relatives and your friends wholeheartedly. Song Jiang is still loyal to his motherland under a kind of coercion and inducement, which is loyalty. Lin Chong's wife was humiliated by Gao Qiu's son after he was driven to Liangshan. She would rather die than surrender and eventually hanged herself. This is also loyalty. In today's society, I believe that many people can only achieve the word "loyalty", and those who can achieve this word "righteousness" can only be described in two words: very few, only a handful. A "righteous word" contains countless contents. One hundred and eight heroes in the Water Margin will go through fire and water for their brothers and friends. Just for a word "righteousness"; Eliminate violence for the people, and fight only for the word "righteousness". Therefore, although the word "righteousness" has only three strokes, it is sometimes written with a person's life or a person's reputation or something precious. In real life, anyone can give his seat to the elderly and pregnant women, but anyone can save people from danger. Because it requires considerable courage, even the determination to exchange life for life.
Righteousness can be interpreted as a sense of justice. A man with a strong sense of justice is a man of noble spirit. How many heroes have given their lives for justice through the ages? Aren't they afraid of death? They can risk their lives for justice and truth, because a strong sense of justice clearly tells them what not to do and what is worth fighting for with their lives. Therefore, we should be a person with a sense of justice. Don't be a person without a sense of justice. People who fear death.
This is what I wrote after reading Water Margin. I hope everyone can come and have a look] pay attention to the following.
On the title of water margin and the slogan of doing good for heaven.
Q: I heard that the title of Water Margin was discovered by Mr. Luo Ergang, and the source of the slogan "Doing Heaven for Heaven" in the book was discovered by you. I wonder if this is the case.
A: Not bad. Mr Luo Ergang discovered the origin of Water Margin in the 1940s. I found that the origin of "doing justice for heaven" was in the 1950s. In fact, finding the source of a word is very simple. I have studied a subject for a long time, and I have been exposed to more information. Sometimes I suddenly find the basis I am looking for, and it becomes "easy to get."
Q: Can you tell us about these two findings?
A: Of course. Let's start with the title. The word "Hu" in Shuihu is not commonly used. Shuowen explained: "Water is boundless." It means by the water. The combination of the word "Water Margin" comes from "The Book of Songs is elegant": "Gu Fu came to the DPRK to get the horse, and led it to the water margin in the west. As for ambiguity. Love and Jiang Nv, Yu Yu. " This is a place where the ancestors of the Zhou Dynasty opened their tombs and started businesses. 1In the autumn of 944, Mr. Luo Ergang worked in the Institute of Social Sciences in Lizhuang Town, Sichuan Province. Because of malaria, he stayed at home and occasionally read the Book of Songs, but found the source of the title of Water Margin, which was like a treasure. Taking the title of Water Margin as the title is really a complaint. The Water Margin means "water edge", but what are "whispers" and "righteousness"? That is to say, the author compares Liangshan in Shui Bo to the place where the ancestors of the Zhou Dynasty started their businesses, hoping that Liangshan Uprising would flourish and eventually establish a great dynasty as long as the Zhou Dynasty for 800 years. It shows that the author (I don't know who it is) is positive and admires Liangshan Uprising.
Has anyone explained the meaning of this title in the past? I did it. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Yuan carved the Complete Book of Loyalty and Righteousness, and said in the Model of Law: Hu, the water is elegant. Song Jiang called the place where he lived water margin, which means he dare not follow water margin. He wants to learn from Jiang Taigong and wait for the opportunity to help Zhou Wenwang.
At the end of Ming Dynasty, Jin Shengtan gave an opposite explanation to Water Margin. In the second preface of "Water Margin in the Flower Garden", it is said: "Water Margin is also, and there is water on the shore of the king's land, and water is also far away. Those who are far away are evil in the world, and the land in the world is also * * *; The evil things in the world are abandoned in the world. " He hated Song Jiang and others, and wanted to exile them to poverty, which was different from that of China.
Yuan and Jin Shengtan's explanations are all based on daydreams about the edge of water and the meaning of the edge of water, which is endless. You can't believe where you want to go. Mr. Luo Ergang found that Water Margin was a place name and the opening place of the Zhou Dynasty. Taking this place as the title of the book has its own meaning of affirming Liangshan's cause, which is not nonsense. A few months ago, Yunmeng Magazine published Li Wansheng's title of Water Margin and related issues in the sixth issue of 2005. The author said in the article: The title of Water Margin comes from The Book of Songs. "Liangshan one hundred and eight people gathered at the edge of Shui Bo, and described in the Book of Songs. They did not establish political power in the end, but ended in wooing, which can be said to have started in Shui Bo and ended in Shui Bo. It can be seen that the title of this book is "Water Margin", which is very appropriate. " Sixty years ago, Mr. Luo discovered the origin of Water Margin. The author may not know that he has found the true source of Water Margin, and naturally understands its meaning as well as Mr. Luo.
Q: How did you find the source of Liang Shanbo's political slogan "Doing Heaven for Heaven"?
& lt Water Margin > Reading Notes
The Water Margin is a bright pearl in China's literary treasure house and a rich literary legacy left by ancient literati. This long masterpiece mainly describes the legendary stories of 108 heroes such as Song Jiang during the reign of Huizong Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty. Their deeds of struggle have been endowed with a strong legend and are still widely circulated among the people.
This masterpiece can be divided into two parts as a whole. The first half mainly describes the official forced people to revolt, the people's uprising, and the charity event; The second half mainly describes the tragic ending that they put up the banner of "doing good for heaven", accepted the appeal, and made an expedition to the east and the west. The novel truly describes the basic contradictions in feudal society, profoundly exposes the evils of the ruling clique, boldly praises the rebellious heroes, and artistically reproduces the occurrence and development law of the ancient people's resistance struggle in China, which is quite valuable in the whole history of China literature.
From beginning to end, this book highlights the struggle between loyalty and betrayal. Although it is difficult to get rid of the shackles of Confucian ethics, the "righteousness" in Water Margin mainly shows that the masses unite and help each other in order to safeguard their own interests, and then "help the poor and help the poor", which has certain anti-feudal significance. As for "loyalty", although it also has the connotation of loyalty to Liangshan, it mainly refers to loyalty to feudal kings. Between "loyalty" and "righteousness", loyalty is in a dominant position.
Song Jiang, the hero of the novel, is a representative of "loyalty all his life". He once led the cause of Liangshan to prosperity with his fame and talent, but at the same time, under the guidance of "loyalty and righteousness", he adhered to the road of "only opposing corrupt officials and not opposing the emperor". The so-called "being in the water margin, with my heart above the imperial court, and wholeheartedly wooing the imperial court", finally led the rebel army to submit to the imperial court and "no" with good warfare. When Song Jiang and others were finally poisoned by treacherous court officials, the novel also praised his loyalty to the court and the emperor's loyalty to the court. Subjectively, I just want to explain that "the right to rape and destroy loyalty has been forbidden to form family gangs since ancient times", and I don't want to deny Song Jiang's surrender and submission, but in fact, the novel describes Song Jiang's ultimate tragedy because he accepted peace, which is objectively a strong criticism of capitulationism. This should be said to be a victory of realism.
The Water Margin is a highly political novel. But for a long time, the broad masses loved this novel, not only because it preached loyalty to the country or described class struggle, but also because it praised heroes, wisdom and sincerity to a great extent. Many heroes in Water Margin are symbols of "strength" and "courage". Some of them can fight tigers with their bare hands, some can uproot willows, and some can kill corrupt officials and be invincible. They outwitted the birth procedure, made three wishes for the village, were brave and resourceful, and made a surprise attack. Their strategy and struggle strategy are really admired by future generations. Especially some characters, such as, Ruan, and so on. , informal, regardless of fame and fortune, no affectation, no disguise, "do whatever you want, be spontaneous and move", which preserves a childlike innocence that is contrary to feudal Neo-Confucianism and is more loved by the masses.
The Water Margin is a novel with rich ideological content. It does not reveal the basic nature of Liang Shanbo's team to readers, nor does it tell readers what kind of class members it is based on, but only focuses on depicting a group of representative figures. People can only understand the nature of this team through these representatives, that is, the leaders of the team, and see what kind of social conflicts they are in.
"Forced to go to Liangshan" is a proverb used by the masses to describe the reason why Liangshan heroes became an outlaw. In fact, not all people in Liangshan are punished, and the methods of coercion are different. The most typical one is pushing Lin Chong. Lin Chong is the commander-in-chief of the 800,000 imperial army, not a city poor or a farmer. Because Gao Yanei tried to seize his wife and set him up, he became a prisoner, was sent to Cangzhou, and then burned the forage field and killed him. "It is too bright for him, and there is no home or country to vote for." In order to make a living, he had to go to Liangshan. What forced him to become an outlaw was the contradiction between big officials and small officials, which had nothing to do with the oppression of farmers by landlords and bureaucrats, nor was it the standard reason for the peasant uprising that was desperate because he could not make a living under the persecution of tax disasters, but the phenomenon that the strong who had nothing to do with opposition bullied the weak in any society, which could happen in large numbers within the same class without any class brand. This situation, like Gao Qiu's expulsion of Wang Jin, is an outbreak of personal grievances, which has nothing to do with class interests.
Similar to Lin Chong's background, there is Yang Zhi, who served as an ambassador before the temple. He lost his job because of the fall of Huashigang. If he wants to take part in the uprising, he should take part in the Fang La team pushed back by Hua Shigang. However, he is tired and frustrated, and he still wants to get a wife. The second cattle killing incident sent him to Daming Mansion, and he was willing to help Liang Zhongshu with stolen goods as a gift. It was not until the birth outline was lost that he had to go to Erlong Mountain to become an outlaw and move to Liangshan. This has nothing to do with the uprising of the peasant revolution.
Lu Shenzhi, who was also an officer, bravely saved people when he was in power, killed Zheng Tu with three punches and was forced to cut his hair and become a monk under the pursuit of the court; Later, Lin Chong was forbidden to live in Tokyo because of his heroic rescue, and he became an outlaw because of his wandering around the rivers and lakes. The reason why he became a fugitive had nothing to do with the peasant uprising against the landlord, but it was the biggest reason why many Liangshan heroes gathered, and he was called "Juyi". A group of chivalrous men get together to do chivalrous things, which is the most important intention given to readers by Water Margin, and it is overwhelming in the novel.
It is also a common chivalrous act in Jianghu to grab "ill-gotten wealth" for the reason that the Chao Gai gang who made Liang Shanbo embark on the road to prosperity tried to seize the birth class. Liu Tang's tip-off, Ruan Jinyong's Three Heroes collision and Gongsun Sheng's running to tell each other are all for the word "righteousness". Classical identity is to be the master of Bao Zheng. From the point of view of rivers and lakes, it can be called "an enlightened place"; Wu Yong is a teacher and can be called the rural poor; Gongsun Sheng is a Taoist priest, while Liu, Tang and Bai Sheng are unemployed. Only Ruan Jinyong Sanxiong is a fisherman and a farmer, who has been embezzled and blackmailed by officials. But what they yearn for is a happy life of drinking in a big bowl, eating meat in large chunks and dividing money on a large scale. They joined because the righteous landlord Chao took the lead. In the war of the officers and men captured, I sang "Loyalty and Repaying the Courtesy of Zhao Guanjia", which has an anti-kingship flavor! In "Water Margin", several people from peasant backgrounds are also more rustic. Only Li Kui jy's brother still looks like a farmer, but he opposes Li Kui jy becoming an outlaw.
Needless to say, the landlords in Water Margin are Shi Jin's father, Liu Taigong of Taohua Village, Song Taigong of Sung River, Kong Ming and Kong Liang's Kong Taigong, Mu Taigong and Mu Chun, and so on. They are all benevolent people in terms of portrait description and character description. Only Mao Taigong who framed Jie Zhen brothers and Cao Taigong who framed Li Kui jy in Yishui County are negative images, and the relationship between good and bad is marked by "righteousness". There are few scenes in the novel where landlords oppress farmers. The author's criterion is justice and injustice, not the antagonistic relationship between landlords and farmers.
Song Jiang is a county magistrate from a landlord background, making friends with Jianghu heroes. He is famous for helping the rich and the poor. He saved the Chao Gai gang through notification, killed the old woman and escaped (because he saved Chao Gai Tongliang Mountain). He is tired and hard to move. These are the risks of Liangshan hero's heroic rescue, but he still refuses to become an outlaw. Later, because Jiangzhou first line, things went up the mountain, and finally became the master of Liangshan. Others such as Dai Zong, Li Kui jy, Zhang Heng, Zhang Shun, Shi Xiu, Yang Xiong, Sun Li, Sun Xin, Green Island Sanshan, Yinmachuan, etc. , also eager to sung river's righteousness and Liang Shanbo's reputation to the partnership. Even Huyanzhuo and Guan Sheng who surrendered knew that Sung River was "deeply loyal" on that mountain. Only Lu Junyi was cornered because the fake admired him and failed to gather righteousness. Although the situation is different, the topic is the same: loyalty in the rivers and lakes.
All the wars before Zhao 'an were for "righteousness". Yan Shun, Hua Rong, etc. Save Sung River by playing Green Island, save Sung River by making Jiangzhou, save Sung River by playing Zhujiazhuang three times because Shi Xiu and his gang were trapped and humiliated by Zhujiazhuang, save Chai Jin by playing Gaotangzhou (the battle of Huyanzhuo was also triggered), save Lvdao and Kong Liang by playing Sanshan Juyi, save Luhe and Shijin by playing Huazhou, and save Lu Junyi and Shi Xiu by playing Daming House (the second battle is the rest). Dongping and Dongchangfu were attacked because of the uneven position of the shanzhai. In order to avoid hurting friendship, we attacked Tai 'an to cooperate with Yan Qing. Although it was not the battle of Tokyo, it was also a great effort to protect Song Jiang and his party from going to Tokyo to see the lights. The most lively places written in these novels are all to show the loyalty of the rivers and lakes.
Liang Shanbo's banner is "doing justice for heaven", which simply means doing injustice for the world. The dark and incompetent government can't solve the injustice of human beings. Explaining it with "righteousness" means punishing the disabled and eliminating violence. This is the exact meaning of "doing justice for heaven". "Doing justice for heaven" is another way of saying "exercising chivalry" and a more grandiose name.
After wooing An, although it was "righteousness" as "loyalty" to help the imperial court crack down on other robbers, it could be said that it was "injustice" to the object, but Song Jiang and his gang were still loyal to each other, and seemed to be a special group in the Song Dynasty army United by loyalty. But at this time, compared with when they occupied the cottage, the taste is very different, and it seems to have some defects. This may be the second half of the story of Water Margin.
In a word, Water Margin shows people a social picture of the heroic struggle between the broad masses of the people and the feudal bureaucratic forces with easy-to-understand language and vivid characters, which not only makes readers have a deeper understanding of the social situation at that time, but also reflects the greatness of the people's power, making this long masterpiece have far-reaching historical and practical significance. Water Margin 5, A Dream of Red Mansions and Notes on the Four Classical Novels Water Margin (1)-Drunk Jiang Menshen
Song Wu killed Ximen Qing, was sent to banishment in Mengzhou, and met Zhang Qing and Sun Erniang in Hengpo. But these are not exciting enough, but this episode of Song Wu's drunken beating of Jiang Menshen is the most exciting.
In this episode, Song Wu helped Mercy recapture the Happy Forest for personal friendship, and every wine officer on the way ate three bowls of wine. These two points show that he has a feeling of letting go of himself.
And his teasing before hitting Jiang Menshen was even more wonderful. He first found fault with the wine officer, and then provoked Jiang Menshen and beat him hard, which can prove that Song Wu was a careless person.
He can also be divided into several details when flirting. He changed the wine three times, and then said that he would let Jiang Menshen's concubine drink with him. If the wine is full, he will fight with them (including Jiang Menshen here).
After he killed Jiang Menshen, he was afraid that he would sue the official. When he asked Jiang Menshen for the third thing, he was afraid that he would sue officials and take back Happy Forest in the future, so he was told to leave Mengzhou and not to live here. This also shows how careful Song Wu is.
Notes on Water Margin (II) —— Four Tigers in Yiling
Li Kui jy saw the reunion of Song Jiang and his son and missed his mother, so he went to Baizhang Village in Yishui County to visit his mother.
On the way, I met Gui Li as a fake Li Kui jy threat. Gui Li was defeated and asked for forgiveness, saying that he had a 90-year-old mother. Killing him means killing him and his mother. Li Kui jy took pity on him, so he spared him and gave him a piece of silver to let him go.
I don't think the author likes people like Gui Li, so he let Gui Li and Li Kui meet again and let Li Kui kill him. One is that the author can vent his anger, and the other is to make those readers agree with him. After reading him, he has a heroic temperament, as if he were Li Kui jy. It's wonderful that Li Kui jy killed Gui Li.
But later, when Li Kui jy carried his mother through Yiling, the scene of killing the tiger was the most wonderful. First, I went to fetch water, and then I found my mother missing, and I found two tigers with two legs. I killed the tiger in a rage, and the male tiger and the female tiger came to seek revenge and were killed.
Unfortunately, he killed the tiger, was invited to his house, and was caught. After reading this, everyone wants to defend Li Kui jy, which shows the author's good intentions.
Notes on the Water Margin (III) —— Resentful Lion House
Song Wu was in yanggu county and went to Beijing for business. Only when I came back did I know that my brother Wu Dalang was dead. Song Wu became suspicious and discovered the truth. He went to sue the official, but the county museum took bribes. In desperation, he avenged Wu Dalang in Lion Building.
One of the highlights is the part that killed Ximen Qing in the final revenge. Although Wu Dalang died, Pan Jinlian and Ximen Qing got the consequences she deserved, and Song Wu was sent to Mengzhou to kill the people. I think it is possible that the author is satirizing the fatuity of the imperial court at that time. Ximen Qing's description here is simply "smelly", and almost anyone who reads it will scold him a word or two, which shows how good the author describes the characters!
Reading Notes of Water Margin (IV) —— Selling Knives in Bianjing City
Yang has no money, so he has to sell his treasure knife and earn some money in another country to make a living. Who knows that when selling knives, the local ruffians and scalpers insulted them in every way, and Yang Zhi couldn't bear it anymore. He killed Niu Er and went to the newspaper office. Finally, he was sentenced to banishment to Daming House.
The most interesting scene is that Yang Zhi sells knives. First, I asked who bought the knife. After Niu Er came, I asked him to try this knife. Niu Er tried every means to obstruct and humiliate him, and was finally killed. This tells us what some hooligans were like then. Niu Er's death not only vented his anger at the characters in the book, but also made readers feel relieved after reading it. Perhaps this is what the author wrote by grasping the reader's psychology.
Notes on Water Margin (V) —— Poems of Xunyang Tower
After Song Jiang arrived in Jiangzhou, he met Shen Xing Taibao and others. One day, drinking in Xunyang Building, I wrote an anti-poem on the wall and left my name. Huang Wenbing finally met him on death row.
This incident made Song Jiang laugh and cry for the readers. I don't know what to say about him, and this episode is nothing exciting. It's just that the author can write Song Jiang to the extent that readers can't say anything about Song Jiang. It's really amazing. I can only say that Song Jiang is too confused to mention any poems. It is with this episode that we can better set off the scene of the next episode. Song Jiang's poems were robbed for a while to set off the scene of cutting the court behind him. Indeed, it is better to be with Song Jiang's poems than with others. One is that you can't say anything, and the other is that you can make them stop the court for more reasons.
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Reading Notes of A Dream of Red Mansions
Let me talk about the idea of A Dream of Red Mansions. Then I think the thought of A Dream of Red Mansions has several important aspects. What kind of thoughts does a Jia Baoyu represent? Judging from the story of the novel, Jia Baoyu is young, and what he says is crazy. Sometimes you can understand it, and sometimes you can't. What does this mean? For example, he doesn't want to do anything all his life, just want to be with his sister and be free all his life. When he died, he turned into a puff of smoke, and it was over. It seems that he can't figure out what this means, but one of them refuses to study and opposes the career economy. He and Xue Baochai are not bad. Once Xue Baochai talked to him, he mentioned that you should also study. You are old enough to prepare for the exam and take the road of career economy. As a result, he immediately turned against each other. Get out of here There is no place for you in my place. I don't know anything about career economy, so get out. It is unambiguous, so that Xue Baochai can't step down.
Then combine these contents with my own inaction life thought. In fact, he wrote through this plot that Jia Baoyu opposed the imperial examination system at that time and the road of official career economy. If you study, I won't study. It's OK to learn The West Chamber. It's quite interesting. What else are you reading? That's all. Mainly Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, which you all made up. It is hard to say whether Confucius' words are worth a try. You insisted it was, and you made it up. Jia Baoyu will never take the road of official career economy, nor seek any other birthright. I will be with my sisters and sisters and live happily and freely for the rest of my life. What is he actually promoting? In terms of the road of class arrangement at that time, he was the road to resist the arrangement of the ruling class, because intellectuals were studying to be officials at that time, that is, taking the imperial examination. There is no other way. He resolutely refused to go this way. His own way is to live a free and unrestrained life with his sisters. In fact, he is preaching that kind of free life. Because that era is too far away from us after all, he can't find another way and can't think of a better way. The problem is that I don't take the road of studying as an official that you arranged. I am free, and I can do whatever I want. This road of free life is so different from all those who were not officials in the past. For 50 years, there has been a view that Jia Baoyu refused to be an official, which is nothing. Ji Kang and Ruan Ji are unwilling to be officials, and Tao Yuanming is unwilling to be an official. I don't think there is anything unusual. This can't be compared. The era of Ji Kang and Ruan Ji is completely different from that of Cao Xueqin. Two different acts of being an official have completely different connotations. Not being an official in A Dream of Red Mansions is a way for those who oppose his official career economy to deny the literati the opportunity to be an official. The feudal dynasty wanted to induce all scholars to take the imperial examination and become officials, and then help him consolidate the ruling regime. The dominant thought in A Dream of Red Mansions tells him not to take this road, which is the opposite way, that is, the first aspect of the thought in A Dream of Red Mansions.
The second is the autonomy and freedom of marriage. Before A Dream of Red Mansions, there were some dramatic novels advocating this kind of free love in our classical novels and operas, the most famous of which were The West Chamber and The Peony Pavilion. However, if you compare this carefully, there will be a gap between the times. Although The Story of the West Chamber was ordered by Zhang Sheng and Yingying not to respect the old lady, it was finally freely combined. It must have been derailed in the first step of the whole marriage process, but at the bottom, it quickly made up for itself after crossing it, and walked step by step in full accordance with the road stipulated by feudal laws and regulations until the emperor gave the marriage, and the feudal etiquette was urgent and legal, even if it was over, it did not resist to the end. Moreover, his way of love is love at first sight, and he felt that the palace was beautiful as soon as he met. That's settled. This is a ... The Peony Pavilion is the same for Liu Mengmei, a man and a woman. They haven't met yet, dreaming, and finally the marriage was approved by the feudal emperor and finally recognized by the feudal ruling class. The once deviant marriage was finally brought into the track of feudal logic, so its original rebellion was eliminated and made up for the past.
In A Dream of Red Mansions, it is completely different. The love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu was not love at first sight. Although the first time we met, I felt that this person was familiar, as if I had seen it before. This is a psychological induction, a good feeling, but love did not happen. On the contrary, two people lived together for a long time, quarreled constantly and made up again. There is Xue Baochai in the middle, add another one. Three people are also very beautiful. Later, Shi Xiangyun was together, and other girls were together. They all came. For a long time, Jia Baoyu was with these people, and for a long time, he didn't clearly write which one he liked. This shows that the way of love in A Dream of Red Mansions is not love at first sight.