/kloc-in the spring of 0/644, the peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng arrived in Beijing from Xi 'an via Shaanxi. Desperate, Emperor Chongzhen forced Empress Zhou to hang herself in Kunning Palace, then hacked Yuan Guifei and his daughter Princess Changping to death with his sword, and ordered his three sons: Prince Zhu Cilang, third son Zhu Cijiong, fourth son Zhu Ciying and fifth son Zhu Cihuan to go to the Zhou Dynasty of his grandparents. After the arrangement, he hanged himself on an ancient locust tree at the eastern foot of the coal mountain. At that time, Prince Xuan Ci 16 years old, Wang Cican 13 years old and Wang Yonghuan 12 years old. After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he didn't kill three children. Instead, the prince was named "King of the Song Dynasty" and a general named Du took care of him. Wu Sangui lured the Qing soldiers into the customs, and Li Zicheng led the peasant army to fight Wu Bing and the Qing soldiers, lost the battle, and then quickly left Beijing. Even in this case, the third prince of Emperor Chongzhen was not killed. After the Qing army occupied Beijing, Prince Xuan Ci was presented to the Qing court by his grandfather Zhou Kui. The Qing court killed the prince on the pretext that he was a fake. And all the people who proved that the prince was not fake 15 were killed, and all the people who said that the prince was fake survived. 1644 In June, Ming officials made Axe King Emperor in Nanjing, and changed the title to Hong Guang. At this time, a prince defected to Nanjing, which caused the infighting of the Nanjing regime. It is said that this prince is a fake and a "spy" sent by the Qing Dynasty, with the purpose of causing civil strife in Nanjing and overthrowing the Hong Guang regime at an early date.
After the peasant uprising army in Li Zicheng evacuated from Beijing, Wu Zixu fled to Henan with a general named Mao under Li Zicheng. They sold their war horses, bought cultivated land and prepared to farm for a living. However, due to the tight news that the Qing army arrested the insurgents, General Mao had to leave Cihuan and flee south. Ci Huan was only 13 years old at that time, and wandered from southeast Henan to Fengyang, Anhui, the hometown of his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang. There was a squire named Wang in Fengyang in Ming Dynasty, who was an admonition officer. When he learned about Wang Yong's life experience, he took him in and made him pretend to be his own child and changed his name to Shiyuan Wang to study with his own children. When Cihuan was eighteen or nineteen years old, King Taigong died, so he left Fengyang and went to Jiangnan. Because he was helpless, he went to a small temple to become a monk and drag out an ignoble existence. Later, he wandered to an ancient temple in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province to settle down. One day, a squire named Hu came to this temple. In a chat with Ci Huan, he found that Ci Huan was good at reading and quite talented. He said, "If a child has such a gift, why is it empty?" So he took him to his home, changed his clothes and hat, studied while plowing, and later married his daughter. Cihuan lives here, mainly teaching for a living. A few years later, he was introduced by a friend to teach at the home of Zhang and others in Shandong, and later changed his name to Zhang Yongguan. He was cautious and afraid of exposure, so when he was in Shandong, he met Li Fangyuan and others for more than 20 years. The Li family only knew that he was Mr. Zhang Lao, a famous man in eastern Zhejiang, but they didn't even know that his name was Wang Shiyuan when he was in Zhejiang. Of course, he didn't know his name was Zhu Cihuan. He was the prince of the first dynasty.
After the Qing Dynasty made Beijing its capital, Hong Guang, longwu, Lu Jianguo, Shaowu, Li Yong and other southern regimes resisted the Qing Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. The adherents of the Ming Dynasty had these regimes as banners to resist the Qing Dynasty, so naturally they didn't have to look for the prince who was hiding from the common people. Until 166 1, the last anti-Qing regime in Nanming was wiped out by Wu Sangui, and the Qing Dynasty also entered the Kangxi era. People who miss the Ming Dynasty played the banner of "Prince Zhu San". The so-called Prince Zhu San is just a general term for people who miss the descendants of the Ming Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, not necessarily who they are. It is called Prince Zhu San because there are princes, kings,
Wang Yong is three people. According to Qing Shi Lu, Donghua Lu and other books, the Kangxi Dynasty cracked many cases related to Prince Zhu San. For example, on December 22nd, the 12th year of Kangxi, Yang Qilong corrected the anti-Qing Dynasty in Beijing in the name of "Prince Zhu San" and established the Guangde title, but it failed immediately. After the failure, Yang absconded. Until the 19th year of Kangxi, there was another man who claimed to be Prince Zhu San in Hanzhong and Xing 'an, Shaanxi Province, secretly carrying out anti-Qing activities. But the Qing court failed to capture this person.
On the night of March 20th, 16th year of Kangxi, Cai Mao, a native of Zhangzhou, led tens of thousands of "White-headed Army" uprising under the banner of "Prince Zhu San", and then moved to the valleys of Nanjing, Changtai and Tongan counties.
In June of the 16th year of Kangxi, someone lied about the ming prince Uprising in Zhecheng County, Henan Province.
In August of the eighteenth year of Kangxi, General Dingyuan Pingkou and Ann Wang Qin, who were ordered to pacify San Francisco, captured the legendary ming prince alive in Fengmuling, Wugang Prefecture, Hunan Province. /kloc-in October/February, Yue Le ordered the prince of the Ming Dynasty to be sent to the capital and killed.
In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi made a southern tour and returned from Hangzhou. After passing through the Ming Tombs in Nanjing, Emperor Kangxi said to the university students, "Go and visit the descendants of the Ming Dynasty and give them a title so that they can leave their sacrifices on earth." This is the beginning of an open search for descendants and official positions of the Ming Dynasty. During the Shunzhi period, the Qing soldiers tried their best to deal with the Nanming regime, but they had no time to take care of the princes who fled the people. During the reign of Kangxi, the regime of Nanming fell one after another, and the adherents joined the princes of the Ming Dynasty, constantly launching an uprising in the name of "Prince Zhu San". The Qing court also began to step up the search. Therefore, the imperial edict of Kangxi at that time was nothing more than creating news in the sea, or luring the Ming people into a trap to facilitate their elimination. So, it took five months, and the courtiers repeated their orders: "The Ming Dynasty has been dead for a long time, and future generations are unknown. Although there is a visit today, it is really rare. " Later, Kangxi made three expeditions to the south to pay homage to the Ming tombs, but he never mentioned paying homage and making an appointment again.
Around the forty-fourth year of Kangxi, a monk from Taicang, Jiangsu Province, Zhang Nian and Zhang Nianer from Dalan Mountain, Zhejiang Province, started their activities in Taicang, Jiangsu Province under the banner of "Prince Zhu San".
Yang Qilong's men were rebelled by Prince Zhu San.
In the 18th year of Kangxi (1678), some people in Hanzhong and Xing 'an of Shaanxi claimed to be "Prince Zhu San" and were arrested by General Tu Hai of Fuyuan. This man calls himself Yang Qilong. Yang Qilong's family and associates identified him as a subordinate of Yang Qilong, and he knew the reason, so he plotted a rebellion in the name of "Prince Zhu San". In the 19th year of Kangxi (1690), Yang Qilong was escorted back to Beijing to be executed.
Although Yang Qilong himself disappeared and disappeared, the name "Prince Zhu San" was used as a powerful call by many people who launched the uprising. In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi (1698), Jin monk in Jiangnan named an old man in his seventies "Prince Zhu San" and gathered in Taihu Lake to plot to hijack Kangxi during his southern tour. At the critical moment, they were all arrested and punished because they didn't shoot.
In November of the forty-sixth year of Kangxi (1707), riots broke out in Taicang, Jiangsu Province and Siming Mountain, Zhejiang Province almost at the same time, and the leaders all shouted "Prince Zhu San", which attracted the special attention of Kangxi. He personally reviewed the paper and deployed the pursuit plan; They sent people to dress up in disguise and visited the thief's lair in detail; In particular, we should immediately arrest all the people involved and close the case as a thief.
For Kangxi, "Prince Zhu San" is not terrible in itself, but the appeal of the banner "Prince Zhu San" cannot be underestimated. Therefore, every time an uprising named "Prince Zhu San" breaks out, Kangxi will feel like a thorn in his back; But only the pseudo "Prince Zhu San" was caught every time, which made Kangxi very disappointed and uncomfortable. So, where is the real Prince Zhu San?
The real Prince Zhu San editor.
Chongzhen * * * gave birth to seven sons, two, six and seven all died early, leaving only the eldest son Zhu Cilang, the third son Zhu Cijiong, the fourth son Zhu Ciying and the fifth son Zhu Cihuan. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Cilang, Zhu Cijiong and Zhu Ciying lived among the people and disappeared. However, according to Zhu Cihuan's account after his arrest, all three brothers were killed by the Qing court. Zhu Cihuan and his fourth brother Zhu Ciying are the same age, so people used to call him "Prince Zhu San".
After Li Zicheng went to Beijing, Zhu Cihuan was forced to leave the imperial court, wandering around and living a precarious life. Later, Zhu Cihuan changed her name to Wang Shiyuan, and was adopted by her husband in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. She has six sons and three daughters. However, he was afraid of being used by others and becoming a sign of anti-Qing dynasty, so he dared not live in Yuyao, but lived near Siming Mountain for a long time and made a living by teaching.
The case of "Prince Zhu San" in Siming Mountain made Zhu Cihuan feel very scared. So he took his wife and children to hide in Ningbo. The Ye brothers in Cixi County, the fourth son Zhu Ren, "wanted to be a bandit", but later gave up because of an accident. Later, Zhu Cihuan fled to Zhenhai County under the pseudonym He Cheng. Landlord Zhang Yue Huai took the opportunity to secretly carry out anti-Qing activities in the name of "Prince Zhu San", which made Zhu Cihuan feel uneasy.
In the 45th year of Kangxi, Zhu Cihuan fled to Changxing County in Huzhou and Wenshang County in Shandong Province. In April of the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708), Zhu Cihuan was captured by the Qing court in Wenshang County. After the joint trial by Jiuqing, several old Ming eunuchs who had surrendered to the Qing court also called him "nameless". Therefore, the Qing court decided that Zhu Cihuan was an "impostor", put him to death and beheaded all his sons.
For decades, Zhu Cihuan has been hiding from others and hiding from Tibet, and has never really "fought against the Qing Dynasty and regained his sight". However, as a call, the name "Prince Zhu San" did pose a threat to the Qing government, so Zhu Cihuan was unjustly accused of an "unwarranted" rebellion. In Ming history, Zhu Cihuan was only five years old when he died, but Zhu Cihuan was accused of inciting people in the name of "Prince Zhu San".
With the death of Zhu Cihuan, it seems that the "Prince Zhu San" case should be solved. However, in the 60th year of Kangxi (172 1), Zhu Yigui's uprising in Taiwan Province Province still honored the title of "Prince of Zhu San". Visible, in the early Qing dynasty for a long time, "Prince Zhu San" has become an irresistible banner.
Heaven and Earth Society, one of the secret civil societies in Qing Dynasty. It is named after worshipping heaven as father and earth as mother. Also known as Hong Men, commonly known as the Red Gang.
At present, there are several different opinions about the time of the establishment of the heaven and earth society, but there is no conclusion. At first, its members were mostly farmers or small-scale craftsmen, small traders, transport workers along land and water transportation and other vagrants without fixed jobs. In the future, the composition is more and more complex, but it is still dominated by the poor at the lower level.
Slogans such as the anti-Qing Dynasty and the Heaven-earth Society, and the Heaven-earth Society's helping the poor reflected the national concept of the common people at that time and their demands against class oppression. Before the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Yuhan people played a great historical role in resisting the bullying and oppression of Manchu people.