(A) the status and role of teaching materials

Starting with the currency closely related to people's economic life, this lesson is the beginning of the book, which plays a leading and driving role and must be highly valued. First of all, understanding economic truth from daily life experience and grasping economic laws through economic phenomena is one of the core abilities of economic discipline and an important link in cultivating discipline thought; Whether the first class can make a breakthrough in this respect is very important. Secondly, commodities and money are very active and indispensable elements in modern market economy, and they are the basis for in-depth understanding of various economic phenomena and subsequent research. As a textbook, the contents of the first textbook chapter are very important, mainly reflected in:

1. From the theoretical system of Marx's political economy, money, as the most basic element in economic life, is the basic concept and theory of economics, which runs through Marx's political economy from beginning to end.

Second, from the perspective of textbook structure, the first lesson in this section is the basis of all economic knowledge. It is also the focus of this book. Only by letting students lay a solid foundation of the most basic economic concepts and theories can they be integrated in future study.

(B) Teaching objectives

According to the requirements of the syllabus and the characteristics of the teaching materials, the following teaching objectives are determined in this course.

1. Knowledge objective:

(1) Know the meaning of goods;

(2) Understand the inevitability of barter to currency exchange;

(3) Understand the nature of money;

(4) Understand the two basic functions of currency value scale and circulation means, and know that currency also has functions such as storage means, payment means and world currency;

(5) Understand the significance and advantages of paper money;

(6) Know that the circulation of paper money must be limited to the amount of money needed in circulation.

2. Ability objectives

(1) Cultivate students' ability to see the essence through phenomena and analyze practical problems with basic principles. Starting with a specific material, this paper briefly summarizes the inevitability of money in the long-term development of commodity exchange and the universal equivalence of money, and trains students to analyze and summarize the rational understanding of the meaning of money on the basis of a large number of perceptual knowledge.

(2) By simply explaining the meaning and function of paper money, we can understand that it is illegal to make * *, and understand the knowledge of caring for and using RMB correctly, so as to improve our recognition ability (Jia Chao).

3. Emotion, attitude and values.

(1) gradually establish the concept of commodity currency suitable for market economy. It is necessary to understand the role of money in economic life, but not blindly worship money, and establish a correct view of money, so that gentlemen can love money, use money wisely, use money moderately and use money profitably.

(2) Establish a sense of honesty and fair competition that is compatible with the market economy.

(3) Key points and difficulties

1. Difficult.

(1) The essence of money is universal equivalence.

(2) Paper money is a currency symbol issued and enforced by the state.

2. Key points.

The basic function of money.

Second, oral teaching methods

Because money will be encountered everywhere in real life, students are familiar with it. Moreover, the textbook tells stories with life examples, which is easy to understand. In order to make students understand more deeply and comprehensively. According to the characteristics of teaching materials, as well as students' cognitive psychology and cognitive laws, I mainly adopt the target teaching method, which runs through the basic procedure of "reading-discussing-speaking" and comprehensively uses various teaching methods to complete various educational and teaching tasks. Specific methods include: examples, lectures, discussion and analysis to inspire students' thinking.

1, modern teaching methods, highlighting key points and breaking through difficulties.

The use of audio-visual multimedia to display the image of multimedia materials, through vivid stories and pictures, to increase the appeal of the classroom, its purpose is to make abstract questions concrete and boring questions visualized. Let students truly feel the economic activities and phenomena in life, stimulate students to actively participate in economic life, and solve problems in life with the knowledge of economics. Cultivate students' correct understanding of "money"

2. Clarify blind spots through discussion.

In order to mobilize students' subjectivity, give full play to teachers' leading role, strengthen "hot spots" and clarify "blind spots", this class arranged a discussion on the teaching content of "How to treat money objectively" to correct students' correct attitude towards money.

Third, theoretical study.

Learning method is one of the important contents of classroom teaching. For students, a certain learning method is actually the expression of ability and quality, and mastering scientific learning methods means having the ability to learn, choose and create knowledge. According to the characteristics of the textbook, this lesson gives the following instructions:

1. Method of integrating theory with practice: This method is the most basic method of learning political lessons, and the vitality of ideological and political lessons lies in integrating theory with practice. Through the display of RMB and the image display of barter pictures, the abstract theory is combined with real-life examples.

2. Question guidance method: In this lecture, I will guide students to think in the form of a question for every question. First, let the students explain their views, and then I will correct and summarize them. Cultivate students' study habits of independent thinking.

3. Reading-discussion-oral learning method: "Reading" is to let students read paragraphs of the text, read materials and understand its spiritual essence. The theory of "discussion" is to let students analyze and discuss the materials. "Speaking" is to let students try to put forward their own views and express their views. Develop the habit of self-study, which is the most basic and important learning method. This lesson designs some small questions such as thinking, discussing, thinking and talking to guide students to read materials, analyze knowledge points and reach the standard of self-study.

Fourth, classroom design.

Introduce a new lesson: Take out a stack of RMB with different denominations and ask the students, "See?" "Do you know what this can do?" "Do you know why a paper towel can be exchanged for other things in my life?" Do you think it's amazing? Well, today we will unveil the mystery of "money" for everyone!

1. Unveil the Mystery of Currency (blackboard writing)

Teacher: To understand money, we must first start with a concept, and that is commodity. Money is developed from the history of commodity exchange, so we must first understand the history of commodity and commodity exchange.

1. The meaning of goods: labor products used for exchange. (blackboard writing)

Teacher: Why do you want to buy goods? What factors should be considered when shopping? Cheap, good quality, etc. ) What idioms can be used to sum up all these factors?

Students discuss and teachers summarize:

Good quality and low price. This involves two basic attributes of goods, namely value and use value.

In modern life, it takes money to buy goods. Commodities and money seem to be twin brothers, but not all people have used money to buy commodities since ancient times. The appearance of money is much later than the appearance of goods. Money is the product of the development of commodity exchange to a certain stage. Let's know the history of money.

2. The generation of money (blackboard writing)

Teacher: Four stages of money production.

The first stage: occasional barter. In primitive society, people's trading activities were mainly a barter. The exchange at that time was very accidental, because the level of productivity was relatively low and there were few kinds of goods.

The second stage: expanding barter. With the development of productive forces and social division of labor, exchanges become more and more frequent, the scope of exchanges becomes wider and wider, and the difficulty of exchanges becomes greater and greater. The situation described in "Teaching Material P4 Inquiry Activity 2" often occurs.

The third stage: the emergence of universal equivalents. In order to overcome these shortcomings, people have found solutions. They first change their goods into goods that everyone in the market is willing to accept, and then exchange them for what they need. These goods that everyone is willing to accept are called "universal equivalents". Historically, many commodities have served as universal equivalents, such as shells, tortoise shells, leather, fabrics, livestock and so on.

The fourth stage: the emergence of money. But problems have arisen again, such as shells, which are relatively small and easily broken, and it is very inconvenient to trade in batches; Livestock will age and die; Cloth is easy to be polluted, damaged and inconvenient to carry. Later, because of its small size, great value, easy division, not easy to wear, easy to store and carry, gold and silver were gradually separated from commodities and served as universal equivalents. The commodity that acts as a universal equivalent is "money". The essence of money is universal equivalent.

(Summary) Accidental barter → expanded barter → universal equivalent → currency (on the blackboard)

3. The meaning of money: separated from commodities and fixed as commodities in common equivalents. (blackboard writing)

Teacher: Why is it so magical to fix it as a universal equivalent currency, and it can be converted into any commodity we need? This makes it necessary for us to understand the function of money, that is, the function of money. We solve this problem by designing a scene:

(B) the function of money (blackboard writing)

1. Basic functions (blackboard writing)

(1) Value Scale A. Meaning B. Price C. Currency in Concept (blackboard writing)

(2) Means of circulation A. Meaning B. Meaning and formula of commodity circulation C. Real money (blackboard writing)

Here, guide the students to discuss "P6 Inquiry Activity 2".

Teacher: In the circulation process of "commodity-currency-commodity", "commodity-currency" is the selling stage and "currency-commodity" is the buying stage. If you can't sell it, you won't have the strength to buy it back. When the unsold goods reach a certain level, the owner will go bankrupt. Therefore, people call sales a thrilling leap in commodities. If this jump is not successful, it must be the owner. This means that commodity producers can only sell marketable high-quality goods. This is the requirement of the market. Commodity producers must have a sense of integrity and rely on product quality and service to win in the competition, otherwise they will be eliminated (such as Sanlu Group).

When money performs the function of circulation means, it can be exchanged with all commodities. Does it mean that the more money in circulation, the better?

Teacher: No, the actual amount of money needed in circulation is governed by certain laws, mainly determined by the total price of goods and the speed of money circulation. (Guide students to understand the "moderation principle" initially)

(See the textbook P7 "Expert Review")

formulization

Total price of goods for sale

Amount of metal money needed in circulation = ———————

Currency circulation era

(3) Other functions of money: means of storage, means of payment and world currency (blackboard writing)

With the development of economy, the circulation of commodities is more and more frequent, and there are some defects in metal currency. ), so the paper money that replaced gold and silver to exercise the function of circulation means appeared (after the process of gold and silver bars → full-value coins → insufficient coins → paper money). Why does a small bill have such a function? This is mainly because paper money is a currency symbol issued by the state, which means that the state gives paper money such magical power and coercive power.

(3) Paper money (blackboard writing)

1, meaning: currency symbol (blackboard writing) issued and used by the state.

Teacher: The state gives paper money such magical power by coercion, so the state has the right to issue paper money, but can it be issued at will? We already know that the circulation of paper money must be limited to the amount of money actually needed in circulation. Beyond this limit, it will be "worthless", resulting in rising prices and inflation; On the contrary, if it is less than this limit, it will lead to difficulties in selling goods. If you want to buy something, you may have no money at hand, leading to deflation (see P8 "noun click"). In addition, the paper money of every country is made of advanced technology and special paper. Why does the country spend so much effort to make these banknotes? Mainly to prevent the prevalence of (Gaby).

(Gaby) What's the harm?

Teacher: As far as the whole country is concerned, (Gaby) will disrupt the market economic order and cause inflation (because the circulation of paper money must be limited to the amount of money needed for circulation, and (Gaby) will cause too much paper money in the market, leading to inflation and soaring prices. ), soaring prices have seriously affected the development of the national economy, but also affected the reputation of the renminbi, restricting the renminbi from further going to the world; For individuals, it will seriously damage their own interests.

Why do criminals make (Gaby)? I hope to have more money, but as the saying goes, "a gentleman loves money and gets it properly", so we should establish a correct view of money.

4. Treat money correctly (blackboard writing)

Teacher: We are now in a market economy environment. Many people are mercenary. They all look at "money" and think that money makes the mare go. Money can buy everything in the world, but do you really have everything with money?

Teacher: Happiness, health, freedom, affection, friendship, happiness, etc. You really can't buy it with money. If all this needs money to maintain, then it is really sad for people to live in the world.

Is it that "money is the root of all evil", which constantly lures people to the abyss, so we shouldn't have money? Of course not. Our survival and development are inseparable from money. As the saying goes, "money is not everything, but we can't do anything without it." It's just that the money must be obtained according to law through your honest labor.

If you have money, can you squander it at will? As I said just now, everything should be measured, and money should be used to do really meaningful things. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a correct view of money: a gentleman loves money, takes it wisely, uses it properly, and uses it wisely.

Teacher: If we go to the market to buy bulk commodities, are there any other payment methods besides carrying a lot of cash?

Such as credit cards, checks, money orders, etc. With the rapid development of information technology, especially the realization of bank computer network system, electronic money has appeared for storage, transfer, purchase and payment by electronic computers, and people are increasingly relying on bank computer system to complete automatic transfer business.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) electronic money (blackboard writing)

This lesson begins with the origin of money, and discusses the essence and function of money, the related knowledge of paper money and electronic money, and the price of goods. Through the above-mentioned gradual unveiling of the mystery of money, we should acquire it legally, make rational use of it and be the master of it on the basis of a correct understanding of it.

Article 21, teaching material analysis

1, teaching focus: the essence of money, the basic function of money.

2. Teaching difficulties: foreign exchange and exchange rate; The difficulty of barter; The function of money in commodity exchange. Status of this section: Magic Money is a compulsory course of ideological and political education 1 the primary course of Economic Life, because in daily life, we can't live without money, but in modern society, "a clever woman can't cook without rice". Money is not only indispensable in life, but also an important basic concept in economics. The section "Unveiling the Mystery of Money" expounds the origin of money from a historical perspective, analyzes its essence and explains its functions.

Second, multimedia technology teaching preparation

Third, the teaching goal (three-dimensional goal)

1, knowledge target:

(1) Through teaching, let students memorize the essence and basic functions of money, as well as the meanings of price, paper money, common credit instruments, foreign exchange and exchange rate.

(2) Make students understand the difficulty of barter and the inevitability of currency generation through teaching.

(3) Through teaching, students can initially apply what they have learned and explain how to treat money correctly in combination with people's views on money in real life.

(4) By using the knowledge of credit tools and combining with practice, talk about the role of credit tools in modern economic life.

2. Skills objectives:

(1) Cultivate students' ability to see the essence through phenomena and analyze practical problems with basic principles.

(2) Starting from a specific material, this paper briefly summarizes the inevitability of money in the long-term development of commodity exchange and the universal equivalence of money, so that students can analyze and summarize the rational understanding of the meaning of money on the basis of a large number of perceptual knowledge.

(3) By simply explaining the meaning and function of paper money, make students understand that making * is illegal, and understand the relevant knowledge of caring for and using RMB correctly, so as to improve their ability to identify counterfeit money.

(4) By deducing the use of several credit tools such as credit cards and checks, students can feel the benefits and convenience of learning to use credit tools correctly in modern economic life, and enhance their awareness of accumulating relevant knowledge and ability in daily life.

3, emotional goals:

Through the study of this course, students will gradually establish the concept of commodity currency suitable for market economy; We should not only know the role of money in economic life, but also not blindly worship money; Establish a correct view of money, so that gentlemen love money, take it properly, use it properly, and use it wisely.

Fourthly, the analysis of learning content.

This lesson focuses on the emergence and evolution of money. This paper analyzes the essence of money, summarizes the functions of money, and briefly introduces credit instruments and foreign exchange. In the supplementary part, some important concepts such as commodity value, inflation and deflation are clicked, and relevant examples and materials are linked. In teaching, students should be guided to reveal the mystery of money by analyzing and experiencing phenomena; Understand the use of credit instruments in displaying credit cards, checks, money orders and foreign exchange.

Verb (verb's abbreviation) learning process design

(A) the introduction of new courses

Teacher's activity: It is common sense for a three-year-old to buy things. Money mentioned in daily life is called money in economics. There is a close relationship between commodities and money. Students may realize in their daily life that if they want to get goods, they must pay. They seem to be twin brothers. So do calendar coins and commodities appear at the same time? What is the essence of money? To understand these problems, we must "unveil the mystery of money". Student activities: under the guidance of teachers, recall life activities and feel that life can not be separated from money, which leads to inquiry and interest.

(B) the new curriculum teaching

First, unveil the mystery of money.

1, the essence of money

Teacher's activity: instruct students to read the first paragraph carefully, and ask questions at the same time: to understand money, we must first understand goods.

(1), commodity and its value

Commodities are exchanged for labor products. Teacher's activity: lead the students to discuss, is everything a commodity? What kind of things can become commodities?

Student activity: Think about P2 and comment after the discussion.

Commodities must be labor products, and if they are not labor products, they are not called commodities; Labor products are commodities only by exchange. Teacher's activities: Since commodity is the product of labor, it consumes human labor, and human labor condensed in commodity is called the value of commodity. (2), the emergence and nature of money.

Teacher's activity: instruct students to think that buying goods needs money. Are goods and money produced together?

Student activities: Students discuss the questions raised and express their opinions.

Teacher activities: comment on students' opinions and answer questions that students may ask. Money came into being much later than commodities, and it is the product of the development of commodity exchange to a certain stage.

Teacher's activities: guide students to read textbooks, understand the process of money generation, and think about P3 three thinking questions. Student activities: read textbooks and discuss problems.

Teacher's comment: The initial commodity exchange is the direct exchange of things. With the expansion of exchange, exchange becomes more and more difficult. Because the success of the exchange must be the exchange of goods that both sides need each other. In the exchange, people find that everyone is willing to accept a certain commodity. They trade their own goods for it first, and then trade it for the goods they need. As long as they exchange it twice, it will be successful. As a result, all kinds of commodities that everyone is willing to accept are gradually separated from commodities and become the intermediate media of commodity exchange. We call it universal equivalence.

Historically, many commodities have served as universal equivalents. What happened to universal equivalence later? Please read the textbook.

Student activities: Read the textbook and find out the problems. Teacher activity: comment on students' answers.

People use gold and silver instead of other commodities as universal equivalents. Why is this? Guide students to find out the characteristics of gold and silver. The teacher concluded: When people regard gold and silver as universal equivalents, we call them money. Therefore, money is separated from commodities and acts as a fixed commodity in universal equivalents. The essence of money is universal equivalent.

Teaching transition: money is available. What does it do? What role does it play in commodity exchange?

Chapter 3 1. Teaching objectives

1. Knowledge target

(1) Remember the essence and basic functions of money, as well as the meanings of price, paper money, common credit instruments, foreign exchange and exchange rate.

(2) Understand the difficulty of barter and the inevitability of currency generation.

(3) Apply what you have learned initially, get in touch with people's views on money in real life, and explain how to treat money correctly.

(4) By using the knowledge of credit tools and combining with practice, talk about the role of credit tools in modern economic life.

2. Ability objectives

(1) By sorting out the history of currency production, analyze the inevitability of currency production and cultivate students' ability of comparison and induction.

(2) Analyze the essence and function of money from concrete life phenomena, and cultivate students' ability of abstract generalization.

(3) Through the analysis of inflation and deflation, cultivate students' ability to see the essence through the phenomenon and analyze practical problems by using basic principles.

3. Emotion, attitude and values goals

By understanding the nature and function of money, students can gradually form a concept of commodity money that is suitable for market economy, treat the power of money rationally and establish a correct concept of money.

Second, the teaching content and class arrangement

Teaching content: Lesson One: Magic Money

Class arrangement: 3 ~ 4 class hours

Knowledge structure:

Third, the focus and difficulties in teaching

Teaching emphasis: the essence of money and its basic functions; Paper money.

Teaching difficulties: the essence of money; The difference between paper money and currency; Foreign exchange and exchange rate.

Fourthly, teaching design.

Design intention of introducing teaching content into students' activity situation

Photo display: Hot auto show scene. Various models, multiple price points. Mr. Li wants to buy a Peugeot car of about 500 thousand. How to pay? List the common payment methods.

Starting from the phenomenon of life around students, we will pay attention to and understand money knowledge.

Scene reappearance: If Mr. Li lived in ancient times, the means of transportation he could enjoy could not be cars, but horses, carts and sedan chairs. How did he get it? 1. Students brainstorm and use their imagination.

(Teacher's guidance: raise yourself and do it yourself, and exchange in the trading market)

2. Describe the buying and selling scenes in ancient times. (Descriptions in TV plays and novels are also acceptable) The meaning of goods.

Various forms of money.

Cognitive goods are labor products for exchange.

From simple barter exchange to expanded barter exchange, and then to the exchange with universal equivalent as the medium, it finally leads to the inevitability of money. It shows that the emergence of money is the product of the development of commodity exchange to a certain stage. The essence of money is universal equivalent. With the development of productive forces, the form of money is also developing.

Historical review: show the forms of money in different historical periods with pictures. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various currency forms. The historical development of money: gold bars and silver bars, coins, currency with insufficient value, paper money and electronic money.

Coming back to life: What payment methods can Mr. Li choose?

There are two ways of settlement: cash settlement and transfer settlement using credit cards, checks and other credit instruments. The meaning, function and advantages of credit card; The meaning and types of checks.

Story enlightenment: Mr. Li's embarrassing experience in the primitive jungle of Africa.

Mr. Li traveled to the primitive jungle of Africa, and when he saw the water, he wanted to rent a canoe from the tribe to swim on the lake. When he took out RMB to charter a boat, the owner refused and offered to exchange it with ivory. Mr. Li then went to another tribe with ivory to buy ivory in RMB, but was rejected again. The shopkeeper offered to change gauze. So he went to a tribe with gauze and bought gauze with RMB, not wanting to be rejected. The shopkeeper offered to exchange needles. It suddenly occurred to him that his hat had been pricked with needles, so he exchanged needles for gauze and gauze for ivory. When he came to the owner with ivory, the owner had already gone home. Mr. Li came back depressed.

Discussion question: 1. Why can't RMB, which can buy a car in the domestic market, rent a boat in primitive tribes in Africa? Teacher's instruction: barter, no need for RMB. )

A shrewd businessman plans to develop tourism in this primitive tribe that doesn't accept RMB. What do you think is his first problem to solve? Why? (teacher's guidance: choose a commodity as a universal equivalent; Develop the economy, strengthen foreign exchanges, and let local people accept RMB or other currencies. This is an open question, which can be guided from many angles. The disadvantages of barter and the historical inevitability and significance of currency generation. The essence of money.

Scene setting: Mr. Li bought a Peugeot car with a price tag of 520 thousand for 500 thousand. The next day, Mr. Li hired a driver with a monthly salary of 2000 yuan and started a happy and comfortable working life. Read the textbook before answering the question: How much important role did Qian Qi play in this scene? The function of money is to guide students to sublimate the economic phenomena around them into economic knowledge cognition through familiar life scenes. Understand and distinguish the functions of money.

Theoretical assumptions:

We all want to own a car. With more money (paper money) issued by the state, we can easily have 65438+ 10,000 yuan to buy a car. Well done! B: I might as well issue less, then the car price will be reduced, and I can buy a car with my savings now! Pro-and-con: Divide into two groups to discuss the benefits of issuing more or less paper money.

Teacher's guidance: the issuance of paper money is determined by objective factors, and too much and too little is not good. Analyze the adverse effects of the two phenomena. ) the meaning of paper money; The difference between paper money and currency; Determinants of paper money circulation; Inflation and deflation and their effects. Let's take buying a car as an example. The issuance of RMB by the state depends on the amount of money needed for circulation. Too much or too little is not good. We should proceed from reality, adhere to the principle of moderation and consider the overall situation.

Scene: David, an American who is going to settle in Beijing, decides to buy a Peugeot 407 in a 4S shop in Beijing. He needs to pay 350,000 RMB, and he only has US dollars. What should David do? What is foreign exchange? The significance of foreign exchange is closely related to the introduction of selling cars.

Read the questions on page 1 1 and answer the questions. The meaning of exchange rate.

How to judge the fluctuation of exchange rate?

Small financial management: Xiaoming has RMB 7700. If the current exchange rate is 1 USD =6.5 yuan RMB, the one-year deposit interest rate of RMB is 3% and that of USD is 4%. It is estimated that RMB will appreciate to 1 USD =5.5 yuan RMB in one year. Should Xiaoming deposit RMB or US dollars?

The impact of exchange rate fluctuations on personal life (here refers to financial management). Belonging to expanding knowledge. From the perspective of financial management, let students feel the impact of exchange rate on their lives, paving the way for the subsequent changes in the value of RMB.

Photo display: cartoon interpretation of RMB appreciation

The impact of appreciation on citizens' personal employment, personal wage income, ability to buy imported products and cost of studying abroad. Group exploration:

Why can't RMB exchange rate reform be "eager for success"?

If the RMB exchange rate appreciates sharply in the short term, what adverse effects will it have (hint, it can be considered from both domestic and international aspects)? The significance of maintaining the stability of RMB. On the basis of fully understanding the exchange rate changes, students can independently analyze the vicious consequences of the sharp appreciation of RMB in a short period of time on the domestic and foreign economies.

Summary of current affairs: focusing on RMB appreciation

Since 2005, the United States has been putting pressure on China on the RMB exchange rate issue, and even suggested that if the RMB is not allowed to appreciate, it may impose punitive import tariffs on China.

Wen said that China will further improve its market-oriented and more flexible exchange rate system. As for the timetable that the outside world cares about, he said that he can't "rush for success."

Classroom part: the magic of magic money.

Five, the principle of teaching design

1. Coherence of teaching cases.

2. The logic of teaching.

3. Selectivity of teaching content.

4. Subjectivity of the teaching process.