From the end of the 7th century to the beginning of the 8th century, great social changes took place in the Arab Empire, and some Muslims put forward the slogans of abstinence, poverty prevention and asceticism. Therefore, asceticism, as a force against the corruption and extravagance of rulers, began to appear in Iraq. Abu Hashim, an Arab in Kufa, first used the name "Sufi Sect". After the middle of the 8th century, asceticism developed into mysticism, and asceticism and asceticism were regarded as the practice methods of knowing and loving God, thus becoming one with God. Love has become the element and essence of mysticism. The representatives of mysticism are Mirouf Keltsch and Abu Sulaiman Dalagni. By the middle of the 9th century, Sufism developed from mysticism to theosophy under the influence of Neo-Platonism. Its representative figure is Zuo Nong of Egypt, who put forward the idea of theism, founded Sufism and shaped Sufism. Then, Sufism developed into pantheism under the influence of India and Iran. Persian Mansour Halaji is an extreme pantheist. He shouted "I am God" and was finally executed by Abbasi Inquisition. The most authoritative pantheist belongs to Ibn al-'Arabī, a Spanish Arab (1 165 ~ 1240), who systematized pantheism and put forward the view that everything is god.
Sufi movement was originally an unorganized way of belief based on personal activities. /kloc-some monasteries began to appear in the 0/0 century, and110 century saw the emergence of permanent religious organizations. Sufism is the only religious organization in Islam. Its leader is called "Sheikh" and its members are called "Delwiche". The first order was called Kadiri Order, which was established in Baghdad. Other famous religious orders include the Refai order in Iraq, the Qirawi order in Persia, the Shazli order in North Africa and the Batavia order in Egypt. Naturally, there are no unified doctrines and rituals among Su Fei sects, but they have their own special canon. They are similar in that they all use prayer beads as a tool for prayer. Because they think that God has 99 good names, there are generally 99 prayer beads. They use "Zikal" (meaning "praise" and "praise") as a way to commemorate God, some loudly and some silently. The founders of Sufi religious groups are often regarded as saints, and under the influence of Christianity, they have formed the worship of saints. In addition, under the influence of Sufism, the worship of saints became popular in the Muslim world. Therefore, the unique spiritual chain of Sufi order is: Allah-Gabriel-Prophet-founder of Sufi order-current leader.
Su Fei School's penance method is "from suppressing desire, through meditation and meditation, to sudden epiphany, in order to achieve the illusory realm of" unity "and" possession ".Sufei School uses hazy skills and symbolic language. It can be said that Sufi is an unwritten moral law. It is a moral science based on Islamic belief, a supplement to Islamic dogmatics and an integral part of the teaching method. Su Fei School also covers a wide range of fields, including morality, soul, belief, rule, universe and so on. However, it is not an independent political and religious faction, but a specific way of belief and principle of life.