First, you should know your blood pressure and try to control it within 140/90 mmHg. In case of target organ injury or diabetes, control it within 130/80 mmHg. Combined with renal insufficiency, it should also be controlled within 130/80 mmHg. Of course, it would be better if your ideal blood pressure is around 120/80 mmhg.
Second, do a good job in health education and pay attention to a healthy lifestyle. Prevention of hypertension is more important than treatment. Health education should start with children, such as educating them not to eat high-calorie junk food to avoid obesity. There will be a new slogan in 2007, which will focus on preventive science.
Third, it is very important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, which can be summarized as "less salt, less fat and more exercise, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol and reducing stress, and taking medicine on time according to the doctor's advice." There are mainly the following points:
1, effective weight control. Losing weight and controlling weight are the keys to controlling hypertension.
2. Quit smoking. Quitting smoking is also very important in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Tobacco contains nicotine, which can stimulate the heart, accelerate the heartbeat, contract blood vessels and raise blood pressure.
3. Low-salt diet. Hypertensive patients should consume less than 6 grams of salt a day, about half a spoonful a day, especially those who are sensitive to salt.
4. Limit alcohol. Drinking a lot of alcohol, especially hard liquor, will raise blood pressure. Even if the blood pressure of some patients is not high at that time after drinking, their blood pressure can still be higher than usual in the next few days.
5. Ensure a reasonable diet. Patients with hypertension should limit their fat intake, eat less fat, animal offal, fried food, cakes and sweets, and eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish and low-fat dairy products.
6, moderate exercise. Proper physical exercise can enhance physical fitness, lose weight and maintain normal weight, which is very helpful for patients with hypertension. Walking, jogging, brisk walking, swimming, cycling, gymnastics, Tai Ji Chuan and other activities can be done. Generally, 30 to 60 minutes is appropriate for each activity, and the intensity varies from person to person. Among them, I especially recommend walking, which is simple and effective.
7. Pay attention to psychological factors. Patients with hypertension should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, keep a good mood and avoid being too nervous.
8, if through 3-6 months of non-drug treatment, blood pressure control is good, can continue to maintain. If it doesn't work, you should add antihypertensive drugs, and you can't stop taking them because you are young or have no obvious symptoms.
(d) Pay attention to finding out the causes of hypertension.
For patients with early hypertension, we advocate observing several times before reaching a conclusion. Some people's "hypertension" is caused by some special things, such as meeting an important person, attending an important occasion, and some children's nervousness during exams. This is transient pseudo-hypertension. When things pass, blood pressure will return to normal. Don't let others take your blood pressure once or twice. If it rises, it will be labeled as hypertension.
Some patients with hypertension are secondary hypertension, accounting for a small proportion. Hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis caused by renal arteritis is common in Asian countries and rare in European countries. At present, its treatment is still a world problem.
(5) Drug treatment of hypertension
Some mild hypertension can be reduced by controlling weight, low-salt diet, exercise and other healthy lifestyles. If these methods can't be reduced, then take medicine. This situation generally requires long-term medication. Most mild hypertension can be controlled by only one antihypertensive drug; If one drug cannot be controlled, consider two or more compound drugs; At present, doctors prefer low-dose and fixed compound preparations in clinic, because there are few side effects and little harm to human body, which is also the trend of hypertension medication in the future!
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