Question 2: What are the ideas advocated by Sun Tzu, Zhuangzi, Mencius, Confucius and Laozi respectively? 1. The Art of War is about military strategic thinking. Some strategic ideas that people pay attention to now are priceless to the formation of the management strategy of modern enterprises.
2. Zhuangzi's Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi is a representative of the Taoist school, the successor and developer of Laozi's philosophy, and the founder of the Zhuangzi School in the pre-Qin period. Together with Laozi, they are called "Laozi and Zhuangzi", and their philosophy is "Laozi and Zhuangzi philosophy". His thought contains simple dialectical factors, the main idea is "Heaven does nothing", and he thinks that everything changes. He believes that "Tao" is "the place of life" and a subjective idealism system starting from "Tao has no beginning" (that is, "Tao" has no boundary). Advocate "inaction" and give up everything. He also believes that everything is relative, so he denies knowledge, denies the essential difference of everything, denies reality, fantasizes about a subjective spiritual realm of "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me", and turns to relativism and fatalism. Politically, it advocates "governing by doing nothing", opposes all social systems and abandons all cultural knowledge.
3. Mencius
Mencius' main point is:
First, the theory of good nature
Mencius' main philosophical thought is his theory of good nature. The theory of "good nature" is the theoretical basis for Mencius to talk about life and politics, and it is the central link in his ideological system.
"Everyone has compassion; Everyone has a heart of shame and evil; Everyone has a respectful heart; Everyone has a right and wrong heart. Compassion, benevolence; Shame and nausea, righteousness also; Respect, right and wrong, wisdom. Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom are not foreign, but inherent to me. " ("On Gao Zi")
"People who can do what they don't learn have good abilities; Those who don't worry have a conscience. " (on "exclusive use")
He believes that "benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom" is something that people are born with, and it is not obtained from the external world that exists objectively. The theory of "good nature" is a set of idealism, but Mencius regards the theory of "good nature" as the theoretical basis of people's self-cultivation and benevolence. It also has certain positive significance.
Second, moral theory.
"Benevolence and righteousness" is the core idea of Mencius' moral theory. Mencius' "benevolence and righteousness" has a class nature and is based on the feudal hierarchical society. However, he opposed the exploitation of the people by the rulers and the war between the state and the family.
Benevolence is an ancient category of political thought. The interpretation of the word "benevolence" in Shuowen is: "Benevolence is also near. From the second person. " With the development of society, its meaning has also evolved. Confucius' theory of benevolence has given more enrichment and play. Benevolence is the highest moral ideal of Confucius: Confucius uses the concept of benevolence in various senses, which reflects that Confucius' theory is not complete and rigorous. Mencius is also the most benevolent. Mencius' development of Confucius' thought of benevolence is embodied in Mencius' theory of good nature. He put forward four virtues of benevolence, courtesy and wisdom, with benevolence as its central point. The relationship between benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom is further discussed. Secondly, based on the ethical thought of benevolence, Mencius put forward the theory of benevolent government. Mencius took benevolence as the starting point of his administration, asked the rulers to "govern the people with benevolence" (see King Hui of Liang), and also put forward specific economic and political measures of benevolent governance.
Three. Political and economic aspects
Mencius gave full play to Confucius' thought of "benevolence" and put forward the political proposition of "benevolent government"
"Benevolence" and "righteousness" are the core of Mencius' ideal theory and the starting point of his political economy theory. Mencius' political theory is king with benevolent governance as its content, and its essence is to serve the feudal ruling class.
Benevolence, according to Mencius' explanation, is "human heart" What is benevolence? According to Mencius, it can be summarized as follows: 1. Kiss. Mencius advocated that rulers should "share with the people" and "have fun with the people". Second, use virtuous people. "Those who win the world are called benevolence." ("On Teng Wengong") "Respect the sages and enable them, and Jie Jun is in office." ("Gong Sunchou") "When a saint is in office, an able person is in office; Ming's political punishment. " Third, respect human rights. Mencius publicly preached the slogan of "people value the monarch but despise him", and advocated reconciling the relationship between rulers and working people within a certain range. Fourth, compassion. The rulers are required to adopt the method of "old people and old people, young people and young people" to govern the people. I believe that this will be welcomed and supported by the people, so as to achieve "invincible in the world." Fifth, killing people who have no choice is also benevolence, which is the greatest benevolence. Mencius demanded that all tyrants and corrupt officials who show off their remnants be sternly condemned, trying to ... >>
Question 3: A hundred schools of thought contend about Confucius' main ideas and propositions: Confucianism's benevolence in the Spring and Autumn Period, self-denial and dedication to public service, regardless of teaching.
Mencius: Confucian people in the Warring States period valued the monarch, were benevolent and had good nature.
Laozi: Taoist meditation in spring and autumn
Mozi: During the Warring States Period, Mohism loved not to invade, but also not to invade.
Han Feizi: Legalist and Rule of Law in the Warring States Period (Note that it is not the rule of law)
Sun Tzu: During the Spring and Autumn Period, military strategists knew each other. He wrote The Art of War.
Sun Bin: The Art of War by Sun Bin was written by a strategist during the Warring States Period.
Question 4: What does Sun Tzu advocate? Confucius: At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism taught people by morality, governed the country by courtesy and taught students in accordance with their aptitude.
Question 5: What was Sun Wu's idea during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? Sun Wu's proposition is to revitalize the feudal Lord country and carry out political reforms to achieve this goal.
I. Consolidation
One of the most prominent political problems in the Spring and Autumn Period was annexation: not only predatory among vassal States, but also small countries among big countries, and ministers also competed with each other to annex territory. Sun Wu believes that we must be cautious in dealing with mergers and acquisitions and adhere to the following principles: unless it is profitable, don't move, don't use it, and don't fight unless it is dangerous. He enlightened the king of Wu, and when he used his troops, he should think carefully and never trifle with it. It can be seen that it is Sun Wu's consistent requirement for monarchs of all countries to be cautious about the merger war.
On the one hand, Sun Wu advocated caution and could not act rashly; On the other hand, actively support the profitable predatory merger and acquisition war. He formulated some operational principles: invasion and plunder are like fire; In other words, we should weigh the situation of the enemy and ourselves in the war. As the camera moves, plunder as much property as possible, open up more land and get the maximum benefit.
Sun Wu believes that the army is in danger, and he is cautious in the merger war, sounding the alarm, and advocates that we must strengthen our combat readiness and think twice before you act. However, as soon as Sun Wu thought of the military struggle for profit, he took the lead, pulled out the city and expanded the land, wantonly merged, and strived to be the overlord of the world. Sun Wu's two attitudes and two propositions towards the merger war are completely different, seemingly contradictory, but in fact they are unified. Such attitudes and opinions reflect that the feudal lords, represented by Sun Wu, were both afraid of being annexed by others in the war and eager to annex others.
Second, self-cultivation
It was a development path pointed out by Sun Wu to the lords and aristocratic ruling groups of various countries at that time, in order to strengthen military strength and win in the war, thus annexing other countries' land and becoming the overlord of vassal States. To achieve the above goals, Sun Wu believes that temples must be built. He said: People who are good at fighting cultivate and protect the law, so they can win or lose politics. Obviously, Sun Wu regards monasticism as the main condition to decide the outcome of the war. Sun Wu also repeatedly stressed that there are five things to judge the victory or defeat of both sides of the war, and the first thing is Tao.
Sun Wu's so-called cultivation, in a broad sense, refers to the monarch's enlightened politics, which can win the support of the broad masses of the people. The quality of politics is directly related to the outcome of the war and the strength of the country. In a narrow sense, Sun Wu's monasticism means that officers care for soldiers and win people's hearts with benevolence and righteousness, so as to achieve harmony within the army.
Sun Wu's proposition of benevolence, righteousness and Taoism has its specific background. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, class contradictions were further intensified due to the cruel exploitation and oppression of the people by the lords' ruling groups in various countries. People all over the world, unable to bear the exploitation and oppression of the rulers, fled to the barren hills, and some organized themselves to launch tit-for-tat armed struggles with the ruling class. This will inevitably weaken the power of the Lord ruling group and make it at a disadvantage in frequent merger wars.
Obviously, Sun Wu's idea of monasticism at that time was to ask feudal lords to improve political measures and reduce the exploitation and oppression of the people, so as to ease class contradictions, gain the consent of the people and their support, stabilize the feudal lords' political power, and make the whole country want the same thing, thus becoming a powerful force in the merger war. Sun Tzu's idea of monasticism, although its real purpose is to ask the people to fight hard for the merger war of the Lord ruling group, also has its deceptive side. But after all, it can improve people's living conditions, promote the development of productive forces, defend the security of our country and avoid being ravaged by other countries. Objectively speaking, it has quite positive and progressive significance.
Third, protect the law.
Sun Wu's other political proposition juxtaposed with monasticism is to protect the law. Grandson. Xing (surname of China) ... >>
Question 6: What is the proposition of Sun Tzu's Art of War? At the beginning of the Art of War, Sun Tzu pointed out that soldiers, the important events of the country, the place of life and death, and the way of survival must be observed. Sun Wu put forward the idea of going to the army to cut the plot, followed by cutting diplomatic relations. The thought of being cautious, preparing for war and fighting again is like a red line, which runs through thirteen articles of Sun Tzu's Art of War.
Question 7: Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi, Han Fei and Sun Wu, their thoughts and contributions. Confucius: Former (55 1-479) famous mountain, whose ancestral home was Zou, a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period. The core of thought is "benevolence". There are 20 Analects of Confucius, which are a collection of quotations recorded by his disciples. Read the Analects of Confucius and choose the meaning of the excerpt. Mencius: Before (372? -Before' 289', Minke, Zou (Shandong native) was a thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States period, and he was a master of Confucianism after Confucius. Its core idea is "benevolence and righteousness", which advocates benevolent government, emphasizes that "the people are more important than the monarch" and attaches importance to the people's hearts. There are seven works about "good nature" in Mencius, which are generally believed to be written by Mencius and his disciples. The articles in Mencius are famous for their eloquence, good use of metaphors to arrange husband and wife, rich in emotion and irresistible in reasoning. Laozi: Li, a famous ear, was a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of the Taoist school. He wrote Laozi, also known as the Tao Te Ching, chapter 8 1. Zhuangzi: A native of the Zhou Dynasty (369- 286) and the Song Dynasty (Henan) during the Warring States Period, he was the main representative of the Taoist school after Laozi. Later generations called him and Lao Zi "Lao Zi". He advocates conforming to nature and doing nothing without doing anything. There are 33 books about Zhuangzi, also known as the South China Classic. His masterpiece is Happy Travel. Mozi: (signature 468- 376) Di Di, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, was the founder of Mohism, and advocated universal love, mutual non-aggression, Shang Xian and frugality. He is the author of Mozi, and now there are 53 articles. Han Fei: (280- 233 BC) A Korean, a disciple of Xun Kuang and a representative of Legalism at the end of the Warring States Period. Politically, he put forward a variety of policies, such as heavy reward, heavy punishment, heavy agriculture, heavy war, etc., advocating centralized monarchy and opposing aristocratic manipulation of politics. There are 55 works by Han Feizi, including Wu Zhu, Naoko Doubting Neighborhood and Bian Que Meeting Cai Huangong. Sun Tzu: A famous martial artist, with the word evergreen, was born in the State of Qi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and was a military theorist. He wrote Sun Tzu's Art of War, 13, which was called "the classic of military strategists" in ancient times. This is China's first military work. I hope it works for you! Hehe ~ ~ ~ ~