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Basic characteristics of folk lion dance skills in tengxian
Tengxian lion dance belongs to the Southern School. Folk artists who perform lion dances usually take time off for training while working, and perform lion dances at festivals, full moons, birthdays and opening ceremonies to add festive atmosphere to their families. The two sides agreed on the amount of remuneration, and the owner should give corresponding remuneration. The main family also compares the amount of remuneration, which shows that it is rich. The methods of lion dance performance are divided into barefoot lion, basic foot lion, high foot lion and short foot lion. Lion dance performance should not only pay attention to the expression of image, but also be vivid and vivid. This is the essence of Southern Lion Art. The basic features of tengxian Lion Dance are as follows: 1. The whole process of picking green flowers is like a dance drama, or a story. With the help of the design of equipment, the eight forms of lions are interpreted, expressing the artistic conception of climbing mountains, crossing mountains, climbing rocks, running streams, swimming streams, wading, crossing bridges and piercing holes. When picking green performances, the main family often seals thousands or tens of thousands of red envelopes to show wealth. "Green" is divided into ground green, high green, water green and bit green. Gao Qing hangs red envelopes at the door, even on the second and third floors, so that lion dancers can find ways to get them; Diqing put red envelopes in places with many obstacles, and lion dancers tried their best to collect them; Water green is to put a red envelope in a bowl and float it in a water tank. The lion dancer is on the edge of the water tank, picking green while jumping, and testing the lion dancer's kung fu. In order to compete for strength, competitiveness and skills, lion dancers have created many ingenious methods of picking green flowers. All walks of life combine their own characteristics and auspicious signs to form a unique "green". For example, as a result, the green categories placed by the bank include peach garden fairy fruit green, blooming flowers and evergreen flowers. Green categories placed in the teahouse, such as Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, Silver Plate Jade Beads and Carp Green; The types of green space put in by the Construction Bank include last month's Bridge and Nantianmen Tianqiao Green Space; Green categories placed in inns (hotels), such as birds returning to their nests and dragons appearing auspicious; The green categories placed in the pork line are Long Qing the pig, the star green in the basin and the golden dragon green in the fire fork. The green species placed in the fish industry are encirclement green and dragon palace pearl-picking green; There are seven kinds of greens in the grocery store, such as seven-star ruyi crock green; The place where the house and the boat are green, including water Millennium, light green, water lotus green and so on. It is said that the mining method of Coconut Seven Stars with Moon Green is the most difficult, and it is difficult to reproduce it now. Second, it has specific performance forms (1) Specific procedures and routines The lion dance process is divided into fifteen or six small parts, which can be summarized into three parts: the beginning, the theme and the end. The first part: at first, drum worship, patrol around, observe the green array, test the truth and find the way forward. Drum method with drums, chrysanthemum drum, slow drum, fast drum, front drum, middle shear drum, one-legged drum, big head Buddha drum and so on. The second part: theme, breaking the array, spraying water (without water), looking for green, seeing green, suspecting green, eating green, getting drunk and spitting green. Drum method with seven-star drum, slow seven-star drum, fast seven-star drum, urgent seven-star drum (depending on the situation, as long as one or two of the seven-star drum method is used), chrysanthemum-headed drum, water drum, green drum, drum roll, and drum edge beating. The third part: the ending, gargling, washing feet, scratching, rolling the floor, thanking humbly. Drum methods include tooth washing drum, foot washing drum, itching drum, tail wiping drum and drumming. Lion dancers are very particular about the manners and customs of dancing. There are rules of dance etiquette, rules of attending the God's Fair and going through the martial arts school, rules of entering the temple, entering the house and leaving, rules of the lion dance club and the dragon and lion club, rules of welcoming the lion, and rules of admission when changing the lion's head. There are certain routines in lion dance performance, and there are also procedures in performance significance, equipment arrangement and performance methods. The routine actions include the lion rolling the ball, awakening the lion to cross the pagoda, the lion swimming in plum blossom piles, the lion going upstairs, picking the green from the broken bridge, the lion playing with the sea and taking treasures from the air. Courtesy and elegance, neat formation and consistent movements are required when entering and leaving the site. (2) The lion dance with specific steps, footwork and movements has developed into a performance on the pile array, and it needs to jump and take off on the pile array to perform various difficult and thrilling movements of the lion. Therefore, the dancers with the lion's head and tail are required to cooperate with each other and perform seamlessly. Steps include lunge, horse stance, stride, imaginary step, servant step and so on. Footwork includes lifting step, backward step, leaning step, jumping step, stepping step, swinging step and lying step. Steps and footwork should be properly used, varied and consistent. (3) There is a reason why the beat of drum music should be clear, and the performances and stories of lion dancers should be fast and orderly, and the intensity should be slow. We should not only keep the traditional percussion music, but also join the innovative rhythm. If there are more changes, the lion-awakening action can cooperate with drum music and play its due role. Therefore, there are higher requirements for gongs and cymbals. The accompaniment of percussion drums, gongs and cymbals is an important link to realize the best performance of lion dance art, which plays an important role in determining whether the lion dance art is lifelike in form and spirit and whether the routine is completed. Emphasize: light, heavy, fast, slow, urgent, slow and stop. Light: then tap, tap, with the strength of the wrist. Weight: then hit high and fall high, using the joint strength of elbow, shoulder, waist and leg. Fast: just fast beat, fast beat, with the strength of wrist and elbow. Slow: It means slow beat and slow beat. Urgent: There are more drums between beats. Slow: Less drums between beats. Stop: all kinds of blows stop for more than one beat without music. Third, the artistry and appreciation of lion dance should show the demeanor of a lion. The eight forms of lions are joy, anger, sorrow, joy, movement, quietness, surprise and doubt, which should be interpreted one by one in the process of picking green. To show that lions are sometimes fierce, dignified and dignified, and sometimes playful and humorous, it is necessary to show the expressions of joy, anger, drunkenness, joy, fierceness, surprise, doubt, movement, quietness and wakefulness vividly. A successful performance can often make the audience see or experience the various thoughts and actions of the lion in the performance, personalize the lion dance performance and give people ideas. People are nervous, surprised, happy and intoxicated when watching the lion dance performance, so as to get the feeling and enlightenment of life, the sublimation of thoughts and the artistic enjoyment of beauty. Tengxian Lion Dance, especially Maozhou Lion, has formed its own unique concept in the design of high-stakes and lion dance movements, and created a series of high-stakes lion dance movements such as "monkey climbing trees" and "wire somersault", as well as difficult movements such as turning down piles, straight wire legs, apes climbing trees on piles, exploring peaks and climbing cliffs, and flying a distance of 2.8 meters (from the lion's tail to the landing point). During the performance, tengxian lion dances on high piles, jumping, rolling, soaring, spanning, exploring, carrying, turning and flying, with powerful drums. The whole routine is a combination of dynamic and static, combining rigidity with softness. Sometimes the lion explores, sometimes the lion shakes his strength, the cash lion hangs upside down, the drunken lion enjoys the moon alone, and the Swiss lion climbs the cliff and picks Ganoderma lucidum, which shows his contribution and strength in adventure.