Its name is transliterated from English Beret. The history of berets can be traced back to15th century. At that time, shepherds in southwest France liked to wear a round hat made of brown wool. This kind of hat can protect you from the wind and rain when you wear it, wipe your sweat when you take it off and put it on the ground as a cushion. Later, Basques on the border between France and Spain began to wear this kind of hat. They were called "Basque Berets".
The earliest army wearing berets in history was the British army. As early as World War I, some officers and men of the British Expeditionary Force sent to the European continent wore berets. But berets really shine, but it was during World War II. At that time, in order to infiltrate and destroy the European continent occupied by fascism, Britain began to form special operations forces. The first paratroopers were established. 1942, Britain established the Airborne Secret Service and the Royal Marine Corps Special Boat Force. Their clothes are marked with berets, and berets of different colors have become the distinguishing signs of these troops. Following Britain, in July 1942, the United States set up a special force marked by green berets. Since then, different special forces in many countries have been distinguished by wearing berets of different colors. Beret is a flat frameless soft military cap, which is usually used as a personnel symbol of imaginary enemy troops, special forces and airborne troops in some countries. Berets are easy to fold, not afraid of squeezing, easy to carry and beautiful. You can also cover it with a helmet from the outside. Marshal Montgomery, a famous general, often wore Bailey in World War II.
Hat, but also wearing a distinctive general and armor badges. Some countries mainly distinguish different arms by color. For example, American imaginary enemy troops wear black berets, special forces wear green berets, and airborne troops wear red berets. Berets of all arms are the same in style except for different colors and belong to a unified military standard. Soldiers of the Russian anti-terrorism agency take part in the annual examination for maroon berets near Balas Ha. Xinhua News Agency/AFP
In Russia, who is a "special soldier among special soldiers"? It is not the famous "Alpha" or the thunderous "signal flag", but the little-known "Maroon Beret".
The annual "Maroon Beret" trial is the biggest event of Russian special forces except war. Due to the confidentiality of the special forces, how to choose the "chestnut beret" has always been a topic of great concern to the outside world. Recently, the Russian media disclosed the inside story for the first time: how the "chestnut beret" was made.
Both brothers wore "maroon berets" for the first time.
Among the officers and men of the Russian internal security forces "Ross" special forces, there is such a resounding slogan: "If you join the army, you must be a real soldier." This is also the motto of Bolotov's two brothers Sergey Bolotov and yevgeny Bolotov.
In the "Maroon Beret" wearing qualification examination held in Russia in May 13 this year, the two brothers proved themselves by actions: both of them achieved excellent results and finally won the "Maroon Beret" that every special soldier dreamed of and symbolized the highest professional level of special soldiers!
Bolotov brothers served in Altai Territory. When they were still in middle school, they heard about the famous "Ross" and "Warrior" special police teams, and they always wanted to be one of them. After joining the army, the two brothers began to make unremitting efforts to achieve this goal. First of all, they practice basic skills hard and lay a solid foundation for physical fitness and combat readiness.
Many things happen, their efforts are recognized, and they wish to become a member of the special forces. Half a year later, the two brothers had a new idea: we should go further. So they aimed at the "Maroon Beret".
After hard training and careful preparation, the moment of decisive battle has finally arrived. On May 13, the spring examination of "Ross" special forces who tried on "Maroon Beret" kicked off in Balas, a suburb of Moscow. Thirty-nine special warfare players selected from 92 applicants fought selflessly on the "battlefield" in order to win the "chestnut beret" symbolizing honor and professional standards.
After a cross-country run with a weight of 20kg,12km, jumping over obstacles, demonstrating super powers and shooting skills, and storming the building, only 15 special warfare players were left. There is also the last test-cruel 12 minutes unarmed combat eliminated 8 players. In the end, only seven "black and blue" special warfare players, including Bolotov brothers, stood in front of the podium. When they received the sacred "Maroon Beret", all seven special warfare players shed tears of happiness.
In the eyes of those players who didn't pass the exam in the end, envious eyes flashed by. They swore in their hearts: come again next time!
The "Maroon Beret" was inspired by American special forces.
The birth of Russian "Maroon Beret" is closely related to 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. At that time, in order to ensure the safety of the Olympic Games, the Soviet government ordered the establishment of a special training company in the dzerzhinsky Division of the internal security forces at 1978. Since then, the famous "Warrior" special forces have been established through selection.
The idea of setting up the "Maroon Beret" exam comes from Sergei Reshuko, a former commander of the "Warrior" special forces and a former "Russian hero". At that time, he was inspired by the memoir "Alpha Command" by former American special soldier Miros Sabu. The author points out in the book that nothing is easy to get in the American special forces at any time. If you want to get the iconic "green beret", you must go through very cruel training and pay sweat and even blood.
After seeing this work, Lei Xiuke was deeply shocked and came up with the idea of setting up a "Maroon Beret" exam in his own army. According to his idea, "Maroon Beret" is not only a kind of clothes, it represents the highest professional standard of special forces.
1988, Lei Xiuke's idea was supported by his good friend Victor Putilov. Together, they wrote the conditions for the special forces to pass the physical and tactical development examination. Until now, Russian special forces are still implementing these examination conditions, and the content is only slightly changed.
1993 On May 3 1, Anatoly kulikov, then commander of the Russian internal security forces, signed an order to approve the professional examination regulations for internal security officers and soldiers to obtain the title of "Maroon Beret". The "Maroon Beret" officially became a symbol representing the highest professional level of Russian special forces.
It can be called "devil's style" that it is difficult to pass training and exams.
It is precisely because the "Maroon Beret" is the symbol of the highest honor of Russian special forces and rapid reaction forces that only those special forces with the best professional level, the strongest physique and the best mental state can get the honor of wearing the "Maroon Beret".
The selection of Maroon Beret is famous for its extremely difficult subjects and strict requirements. If you want to win the Maroon Beret, you must pass the special forces exam. This kind of exam is twice a year, once in spring and once in autumn. Those lucky enough to take the exam will face three stages of brutal competition. The first stage of the competition consists of four parts: cross-country running 10 km, sprint, obstacle crossing and super stunt, which mainly assesses the physical fitness of special forces.
Cross-country running is an extremely difficult task. Participants have to carry dozens of kilograms of equipment and run for more than ten kilometers in the complicated terrain with ravines, during which they need to overcome many difficulties. First of all, they need to cross long-distance obstacle areas: or cross water obstacles and wade through waist-deep mud; Or wear a gas mask to accelerate through the "polluted area" ...
After that, waiting for the candidates is a new problem-crossing various special obstacles, including dangerous minefields, smoke areas with difficult directions, and hot and difficult fire areas. Sometimes, heavy transport tires are suspended in the air in these areas. They swayed in the smoke and high temperature, hitting the head, legs, arms and trunk of the special forces from time to time. ...
During the arduous journey of 10 kilometers, the contestants have to crawl or jump forward from time to time to avoid the examiner's live ammunition. At the same time, in the whole cross-country process, there is always a special team to exert "psychological pressure" with the candidates-throwing mud at them from time to time and even throwing explosives at their feet!
After running the cross-country race, it is followed by a sprint; After that, I have to climb over various obstacles and practice super stunts. Only those who get straight A's have a chance to enter the next round of exams.
After the end of the first stage, candidates will devote themselves to the second stage of the exam, show their fighting skills to the examiner, and use anti-tank rocket launchers, howitzers, machine guns, automatic rifles, pistols, sniper rifles and other shooting weapons to hit the target quickly and accurately.
After the shooting, the exhausted special forces will receive new orders and put themselves into the storm action of "saving hostages". After that, the special warfare team members have to run to a table where radio parts are placed, assemble them quickly, and get in touch with the headquarters to report that the distribution task has been completed.
Relatively speaking, the second stage is the most "easy" and the third stage is the heaviest. Because the third stage * * * lasted 12 minutes, the contestants also called it "hell 12 minutes". In this 12 minute, they will be divided into four rounds, each of which lasts for 3 minutes, and they will engage in unarmed combat with four opponents. None of these four opponents are idle people. They are not only energetic, but also the owners of "Maroon Berets"!
Fighting is no longer taboo. This 12 minute was an extremely fierce battle, and the result was even more terrible. Broken teeth, broken ribs, black eyes, and bruises … these are just a piece of cake.
After passing these cruel tests, the best special forces will get the highest reward, which is the "chestnut beret" that once made them want to wear. At the award ceremony, the soldiers who passed the exam knelt down, took off their original green berets from their heads, and then kissed the hard-won "chestnut berets" affectionately. After getting up, they will swear: "Serve the motherland! Serve the special forces! "
Pay attention to character, make mistakes, misunderstand, and be deprived of "chestnut beret"
However, after winning the "Maroon Beret", it cannot be done once and for all. Every larger special forces unit has a "Maroon Beret" committee. It can punish those "Maroon Berets" who have made some mistakes and misdeeds until they are deprived of the qualification to wear "Maroon Berets". Among these evils, the most serious is to fight with comrades-in-arms or soldiers of brotherly forces.
In addition to members of the special forces of the internal security forces, some other elite force under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, such as the special police team of the Moscow General Administration of Internal Affairs, the "Torch" special police team of the General Administration of Law Enforcement, and members of individual rapid reaction forces and special police teams, can also take the "Maroon Berets" exam.
Blue beret (2)
198 1 year, the Soviet army officially adopted the blue beret as the standard military cap of Soviet airborne troops, but its hat shape was completely different from that of the west, and the top of the hat was extremely huge to show the greatness of Soviet soldiers. At that time, Soviet military caps were generally very large, but they were only suitable for tall and burly Soviet soldiers, not for Asian and African people.