Although the Daze Township Uprising led by Chen Shengnian Guangwu ended in failure, it set off a wave of anti-Qin, and the subsequent rebels finally overthrew the rule of Qin.
The peasant army attacked the landlord class, promoted social progress, and opened up the revolutionary road of peasant armed resistance to feudal rule in China history.
Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising
Refers to the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu at the end of Qin Dynasty. This is the first nationwide peasant war in the history of China. At the end of the Warring States period, after years of annexation war, the situation of vassal separatism was replaced by the unified Qin Dynasty. However, after Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries, he did not pay attention to rest with the people, stabilize the society and restore the economy. During the war of annexation, he had the architectural styles of the palaces of the Six Kingdoms drawn, copied in Xianyang, reaching 200 to 300, and built a large-scale Epang Palace and a luxurious Lishan Mausoleum. Others, such as building the Great Wall, repairing the Equator Road, and sending troops to crusade against Xiongnu and South Vietnam, have played a positive role in consolidating national unity. However, due to the long-term consumption of a lot of human and financial resources, it not only increased the burden on the people, but also made farmers too busy to engage in production, which seriously damaged social and economic life, resulting in a situation of "men's farming is not enough to eat, and women's spinning is not enough to cover up". At the same time, the rulers of the Qin dynasty also enacted cruel laws with severe punishments. People often violated criminal laws, with hundreds of thousands and millions of criminals and prisoners. The people of the former six eastern countries suffered more. In the later years of Qin Shihuang's rule, the resistance of the broad masses of the people continued to occur, and the remnants of the nobles of the six countries also took the opportunity to carry out anti-Qin activities. In the twenty-ninth year (2 18), Qin Shihuang was attacked by an assassin while crossing Bolangsha (now northwest of Zhongmou, Henan). In thirty-six years, a meteorite landed in Dong Jun, and someone carved the words "the first emperor died and divided the world" on the stone to carry out anti-Qin propaganda.
Qin Ershi Hu Hai acceded to the throne after Qin Shihuang died of illness in the sand dunes. He appointed Zhao Gao to rebuild Epang Palace. He recruited 50,000 troops to guard Xianyang, making him "more legal", with strict supervision and deeper usage. The result is that "criminals are half in the road, and the dead are in the city." Many old ministers of Qin Shihuang and Qin imperial clan were killed because of Zhao Gao's framing, and the contradictions within the ruling class became increasingly acute. By the end of the second year, there was a social crisis. "The ministers' admonishers thought it was slander, the officials stood their ground, and their fears were aroused at the first time."
In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), 900 people were stationed in Yuyang, with Chen Sheng and Guangwu as commanders. Bobby Chen (? Word ~ 208) refers to Yangcheng (now southwest of Henan Shangshui), and he worked as a servant in his early years. Guangwu (? Uncle ~ 208), a native of Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan), was also a poor peasant. They arrived in osawa Township (now the southeast of Su County, Anhui Province), and were delayed by heavy rain. According to Qin law, if it expires, it will be beheaded. Chen Sheng launched a garrison uprising with the tactics of "a fish full of Dan" and "Fokko", and put forward the slogan of "Great Chu Prosperity, Chen". Chen Sheng encouraged the guards to say, "When a strong man dies, he is himself. If he dies, he will raise his name and the prince will have seeds! " So he established himself as a general, took Guangwu as his surname, and called on the masses to revolt in the name of Fuxi, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, and Xiang Yan, the general of Chu.
The insurgents quickly captured Qixian (now south of Suxian, Anhui Province). Chen Sheng sent troops eastward, and at the same time captured Luo (now southwest of Suxian County, Anhui Province) with the main force. Zan (now west of Yongcheng, Henan Province), (now east of Lu Yi, Henan Province), Zhe (now north of Zhecheng County, Henan Province) and other counties. The broad masses of peasants "cut firewood for soldiers and uncover poles as flags" and actively participated in the uprising team. When the rebels entered Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), there were tens of thousands of infantry, more than a thousand cavalry and six or seven hundred vehicles. Chen Sheng called on the old heroes of the local people to discuss big plans. After and after, Wei's celebrities advised him to establish six countries in order to win the support of the old nobles. Chen Sheng didn't listen, became king on his own, made him a fake king, led the army to attack Xingyang in the west, ordered Zhao in the north, Deng Zongnan conquered Jiujiang, and Zhou seized Wei in the city.
The establishment of Zhang Chu regime promoted the climax of the nationwide anti-Qin struggle. Suffering from Qin politics for a long time, people everywhere killed Qin officials in succession and responded to Chen Sheng. Especially in the old Chu state, thousands of people gathered. Ying Bu and Fan Yang, criminals from Mount Lishan, led Wu Rui to revolt with thousands of soldiers. Dongyang teenagers killed the county magistrate and elected Chen Ying as the leader, and the team quickly developed to 20 thousand people. Qin Jia, Zhu Jishi and others rose up and surrounded Tancheng. Liu Bang, then the director of Qinshui Pavilion (see Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang), killed Pei Ling and, with the support of Xiao He and others, quickly formed an armed force of 2,000-3,000 people. At the same time, the remnants of the nobles of the six countries rose up against Qin. For example, Tian Yun, a descendant of Qi nobles, killed the Mausoleum and became the king of Qi. Xiang Liang, a descendant of Chu nobles, and an uncle of Xiang Yu also attacked and killed Hui Jishou Yin Tong. Xiang Liang established himself, with Xiang Yu as the general, and soon assembled an army of 8,000 people. Others, such as Cai Ci, an aristocrat of the former Chu State, and Confucius, the eighth grandson of Kong Qiu, also defected to the Zhang Chu regime.
So he led the rebel army to besiege Xingyang, and Chen Sheng sent Zhou as a general to explore the state of Qin. On the way to Xianyang, Zhou Wen's team is expanding. When we arrived at Hangu Pass, there were thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of soldiers. When the rebels arrived at a scene hundreds of miles away from Xianyang (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi Province), they hurriedly ordered Shaofu to organize hundreds of thousands of prisoners and slaves who built the tomb of Lishan Mountain into an army to fight. Due to the lack of combat experience, the insurgents went deep alone and suffered setbacks one after another. Zhou Wen committed suicide.
With the development of the anti-Qin struggle, the weaknesses and contradictions within the rebel army gradually emerged. Chen Sheng developed a sense of pride, listened to rumors, killed old friends, and became increasingly alienated from the uprising masses. Generals sent to various places did not listen to Chen Sheng's restraint, and even killed each other for power and interests. Such as Chen Wu to handan, self-reliance for the prince of zhao, Chen Yu as general, Zhang Er as prime minister. Chen Sheng ordered the army to enter the customs to support Zhou Wen, but he didn't listen and sent Hanbitsoft to attack Yan. Hanbitsoft, egged on by the old aristocrats in Yan Di, also established himself as the prince. From the Wei Dynasty to the Wei Dynasty, Ningling, as an old aristocrat of Wei State, was regarded as the chief culprit of Wang Wei. Tian Cang, the rebel general who besieged Xingyang, disagreed with Guangwu's opinion and killed Guangwu under the guise of Chen Shengzhi's life. As a result, this rebel army was completely annihilated.
When the siege of Xingyang was lifted, he pounced on Chen County with all his strength. Chen Sheng personally bid, unfortunately lost. In December of the second year of Qin Ershi, Chen Sheng retired to the lower city (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui Province) as his father and was sentenced to be killed by Zhuang Jia. Chen Sheng and Lv Chen led the Cangtou Army, recovered Chen County twice and executed Zhuang Jia.
Chen Sheng and Guangwu died one after another, which made the peasant uprising suffer a temporary setback, but the insurgents all over the country continued to fight. Chen Sheng will call Ping, make Xiang Liang a pillar country under the guise of Chen Sheng, and order him to lead the troops to attack Qin in the west. When Xiang Liang led the army to cross the river and Huaihe River, he joined forces with the insurgents led by Chen Ying, General Ying Bu and Pu, and the number of troops expanded to 670,000. After Xiang Liang got the news of Chen Sheng's sacrifice, he called various rebel generals to discuss in Xue County, accepted the advice of counselor Fan Zeng, and made Chu king. Soon, among the people, Chu Huaiwang, the grandson of a shepherd, became king, still known as Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Liang led the insurgents to defeat Qin Jun in East Asia (now northeast of Yanggu, Shandong Province) and sent Liu Bang and Xiang Yu to capture Chengyang (now east of Heze, Shandong Province). Liu Bang and Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun in succession in Puyang, Dingtao and Qiu Yong (now Qixian County, Henan Province) to defend Li You. After a series of victories, Xiang Liang was arrogant, underestimated, attacked by Zhang Han and even sacrificed. Liu Bang, Xiang Yu and Lv Chen led the troops to retreat to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and Dangshan (now Dangshan, Anhui).
After Zhang Han attacked Liang Jun, he sent troops to attack Zhao. Wang Li was ordered to leave and led the troops to surround the giant deer. Chu Huaiwang was appointed as the general, Xiang Yu as the lieutenant, and led the division to save Zhao. After Yi Song arrived in Anyang, he hosted a banquet for the guests and stayed for 46 days. Xiang Yu's suggestion of a quick invasion was rejected, so he killed Yi Song and was appointed as a general by Chu Huaiwang. He immediately sent Ying Bu and General Pu to rescue Zhao with 20,000 troops. Then he ordered the whole army to cross the Zhanghe River, cross the rubicon and give three meals to show their determination to win. After nine fierce battles, the insurgents defeated Qin Jun, killed Su Jiao and abandoned Wang Li. Since then, General Pu and Xiang Yu have broken the sewer of Hehe. Seeing that the tide was gone, Zhang Han was afraid of being framed by Zhao Gao, so he led the rest of the soldiers to surrender.
While Xiang Yu led his troops to save Zhao, he ordered Liu Bang to lead his troops westward to enter the customs and attack Xianyang. At that time, Qin Jun's main force had gone to Zhao Di, the western front was empty, and Liu Bang's army was progressing smoothly. He adopted Chen Hui's suggestion and implemented the policy of surrender, and local officials of the Qin Dynasty surrendered to him in succession. So Liu Bang quickly captured Wuguan and went straight to Guanzhong. In August of the third year of Qin Ershi, Zhao Gao threatened Hu Hai to commit suicide and made Zi Ying the king of Qin. Zi Ying murdered Zhao Gao and sent troops away from the garrison. Liu Bang bypassed the customs and defeated Qin Jun in Lantian. In 206 BC 10, Liu Bang's army arrived at the dam, and Zi Ying, the king of Qin, surrendered to Fu, the emperor, and the Qin Dynasty perished.
At the end of Qin Dynasty, the peasant uprising launched by Chen Sheng and Guangwu overthrew the dark rule of Qin Dynasty. For the first time in the history of China, it showed the great power of the peasant class in feudal society. Although Chen Sheng and Guangwu died shortly after the uprising, the demise of the Qin Dynasty was inseparable from their achievements in launching the uprising.