"The Soviet government's first declaration to China was received on March 26th by the acting foreign minister of the Russian government.

The foreign minister in Beijing turned to teach the people of China and the governments of the north and south of China a lesson: today, the army of the generalized government is about to put out the dictatorship of Chagnar and the army that betrayed the revolution. It has arrived in Siberia and will unite with the revolutionary people in Siberia. Therefore, the administrative department of the People's Committee gave the following loving advice to the people of China: and the Red Army in its broad government fought for two years, that is, they made incredible efforts, and today they are marching eastward to the mountainous area of Wubang, neither suppressing nor seizing the land of the slave people. We (Press: Friends, Yinmu; Today, we are willing to give people everywhere the right to freedom, so that all ethnic groups in the East can get rid of the oppression of foreign forces and foreign money. The Chinese nation is one of these oppressed nations, and it is also the most authentical nation.

Today, we not only help the Labour Party, but also help the people of China. So, please tell the people of China the secret that our newspapers have been sold to Europe, America and Japan since the October Revolution of 1997: since the October Revolution, when our working people's government came to power, we have written to the people of the world many times on behalf of all Russian in the name of people, urging them to establish lasting peace. This kind of peace should be based on mutual abandonment of other people's land and absorption of other people's money. All ethnic groups, big or small, wherever they are, whether they are free or not, and whether they are oppressed by other countries' power, should be completely free in their internal life, and no rights should be bound by this.

Our working peasant government once again declared that all secret treaties concluded between Russia, Japan, China and former allies are null and void. Therefore, this kind of treaty is a mechanism for the Russian imperial government and its allies to forcibly invade, induce and oppress all ethnic groups in the East, among which the people of China benefited the most, only the capitalists, landlords and senior Russian officers. In a broad sense, our government invites the government of China to start negotiations immediately to discuss the abandonment of the 1896 treaty and the 190 1 Beijing treaty, as well as all the agreements concluded with Japan from 1907 to 1996. In short, the owner of the Russian imperial government's self-aggression or the Japanese and allies' plunder of the people of China will be returned to the people of China. This negotiation will last until March 1998. At that time, China officials and newspapers were widely bought by the allies, and the China government was forced to refuse to negotiate with the Russian government of workers and peasants. However, the Japanese and the Allies did not wait for the return of Manchuria Railway, and the people of China rose up to seize and invade Siberia, thus forcing China's army to send troops, which was regarded as a horrible and guilty robbery. The workers and peasants of China people don't know the truth and reason of Japanese invasion of Manchuria and Siberia in Europe and America.

Today, we write a letter to the people of China, hoping that they can understand that the government in a broad sense has announced that it will give up all aggressive products seized from China by the former Russian imperial government, such as Manchuria and other places. People everywhere should choose the country they want to belong to and adopt their own government system.

The generalized government is willing to unconditionally return the eastern railway in China and all the gold products and other industries leased by it from the Russian imperial government and kerensky, as well as thieves such as Gao, Semenlov and Circea, and those who were occupied by former Russian officers, businessmen and capitalists, without making any demands.

The generalized government gave up the reparations owed by the boxer movement in China in 1900, so the government had to announce it three times. Because we have repeatedly stated that we have given up, the indemnity is still collected by the governments of the allied countries to help the envoys of the old Russian imperial government in Beijing, the consular officials of the old Russian imperial government in China and other people who abused the slaves of the Russian emperor. Their full power has long been abolished, while Iraq and others still retain their old posts, backed by Japan and various covenants.

Broadly speaking, the government gives up all kinds of special rights and all leased land occupied by Russian businessmen on the ground in China. Russian officials or priests are not allowed to interfere in the China incident. Crimes like Iraq should be tried locally according to the laws of China. In China, there can only be the rights and justice of China people, and there can be no other rights and justice. In addition to the above points, the government in a broad sense is willing to negotiate with the people of China and conclude with its plenipotentiary all the violent and unjust events committed by the Russian government, the Japanese and the treaty countries against China in the past.

It is clear to the government in a broad sense that the signatory countries and Japan will try their best to make the language of Russian workers and peasants fail to reach the people of China, and make the people of China not know that if they want to recover the seized property, they must first reconcile with Manchuria and Siberia. Therefore, the government in a broad sense has sent a special message to the people of China today. The Red Army of the government is now marching to the east of the Wubang Mountains to rescue the farmers and laborers in Siberia. Leaving equals the tyranny of thieves and their allies, the Japanese.

If the people of China follow the example of the Russian people and are willing to restore their freedom in the Philippines (according to Versailles) and escape the fate set by the treaty countries, making it a second Korea or a second India, then there will be no allies and brothers except Russian workers, peasants and the Red Army when fighting for freedom.

The generalized government indirectly invited the people of China to establish formal negotiations with us and sent representatives to join our army.

Signed by Acting Foreign Minister Kanakang of the Lao Government.

The certified copy is correct and signed by Jiang Chun (March 24th), Plenipotentiary of the People's Committee for Foreign Affairs of Siberia and the Far East.

The above is excerpted from the Reference Catalogue of Modern History of China, page 524.

Two. Shen Bao 19 19 Edition

Declaration of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic to the People of China and the Governments of North and South China (1965438+July 25, 2009).

The Soviet army defeated the army of Colta, a counter-revolutionary tyrant who relied on foreign troops and foreign money, successfully entered Siberia and joined the revolutionary people of all ethnic groups in Siberia. On this occasion, the People's Committee issued the following friendly declaration to the people of all ethnic groups in China:

After two years of war and great efforts, Soviet Russia and the Soviet Red Army crossed the Urals and marched eastward. This trip is not to bully, enslave people, embezzle and plunder. At this point, every Siberian farmer and Siberian worker has understood. We liberated the people from the shackles of foreign troops and foreign money because they oppressed the enslaved people of all ethnic groups in the East, especially the people of China. We not only help the working class in our country, but also help the people of China, so we remind the people of China of the statement we made to the people of China after the great October Revolution 19 17. This statement may have been concealed by American, European and Japanese newspapers that sold themselves for refuge.

After the government of workers and peasants took power in 19 17, it immediately proposed to the people all over the world to establish a consolidated and lasting peace on behalf of the Russian people. This kind of peace should be based on never invading other countries' territories, never forcibly annexing other nations, and never extorting compensation. Every nation, big or small, no matter where it lives, whether it is independent or forced to belong to other countries, should enjoy the freedom of internal life, and no regime can force them to stay in their own territory.

The workers' and peasants' governments subsequently announced the abolition of all secret treaties concluded with Japan, China and other former allies, because the czar government and its allies used these treaties to enslave the people of the eastern countries by coercion and seduction. Immediately after the Soviet government returned to the people of China everything plundered by the czar government alone or jointly with Japan and its allies from the people of China, it suggested that the China government abolish the 1896 treaty, 190 1 Peking treaty, 1907 to 19 16 with Japan. The negotiations lasted until March, 19 18. As a result, it was found that the Allies held the Beijing government hostage, bribed Beijing officials and China newspapers, and forced the China government to sever all relations with the Russian workers and peasants government. Japan and its allies took the Manchuria Railway as their own before it was returned to the people of China. They invaded Siberia and even forced China's army to help this evil and unheard-of robbery, while the people of China, China workers and China farmers could not even know the truth. They did not know why bandit troops from the United States, Europe, Japan and other countries invaded Manchuria and Siberia.

Now we tell the people of China once again and let the people of China know the truth.

The Soviet Union has given up Manchuria and other areas seized by the Tsar government from China. It is up to the people in these areas to decide which country they want to belong to and what form of government they want to establish in their own country.

The Soviet government refused to accept the compensation paid by China for the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. This is the third time that it has to make such a statement. Because according to the information we got, although we refused to accept reparations, the Allies were still recovering reparations to meet the illegal demands of the former Tsar's envoys in Beijing and the former Tsar's consuls in China. These slaves of the czar have lost their authority, but they still stick to their original posts and cheat the people of China with the support of Japanese and allies. The people of China should know this and deport these crazy liars.

The Soviet government gave up all its privileges and all the commercial stations of Russian businessmen in China. No Russian official, priest or missionary should interfere in the affairs of China. If there is any illegal act, it should be tried by the local court according to law. In China, there should be no other regimes and courts except those of the people of China. In addition to these points, the Soviet government is also prepared to reach an agreement with the plenipotentiary representatives of the people of China on all other issues, and put an end to all atrocities and unjust actions taken by the former Russian government, Japan and its allies against China forever.

The Soviet Union knew that the Allies and the Japanese would try their best to prevent the people of China from hearing the voices of Russian workers and peasants this time. To return everything plundered from the people of China to the people of China, we must first eradicate the bandit troops in Manchuria and Siberia. Therefore, the Soviet government is sending the Red Army across the Urals to the east to help Siberian farmers and workers get rid of the Colta Gang and its Japanese allies while delivering news to the people of China.

If the people of China are willing to be as free as the Russian people, to get rid of the fate arranged by the Allies for the people of China at Versailles, and not to be the second Korea or the second India, then please ask the people of China to understand that in the struggle for freedom, the only allies and brothers are Russian workers, peasants and their Red Army.

The Soviet Union suggested that the people of China immediately establish formal relations with us through their own governments and send their own representatives to meet our troops.

Karakhan, Vice Foreign Minister

The above is excerpted from Selected Works of International * * *, Communist Party * * * (Bolshevik) and China Revolution, page 79.

Three, two versions-or two versions of the comparison

The contrast between the two makes people feel that they are translated from the same mother, but the latter is really different from the former. Generally speaking, the former translation lacks logic and obscure writing, which makes people feel that the translator's Chinese is not very good. The latter is clear in explanation and fluent in writing, but generally speaking, it is a free translation rather than a literal translation. The latter, the first Soviet-Russian declaration on China, has the following changes compared with the "Declaration 19 18 Edition":

1. The word "we" used to refer to the first-person plural in the Declaration 19 18 was changed to "we"; We can't see the words used in Manifesto 19 18, but we can see the words advocated by Bolshevik thought at that time, such as "laborer". Regarding the identity of the signatory of the statement, Abraham was changed from the acting foreign minister of the "Declaration 19 18 Edition" to the Deputy Foreign People's Committee.

2. The name of "Russian government of working peasants" in the Declaration 19 18 was changed to "Russian Soviet Socialist Republic". As we all know, the Soviet Union is the abbreviation of "Soviet Socialist Union", and of course it is also the abbreviation of "Russian Soviet Socialist Union". The appellation of the Soviet Union can only appear at the end of 1922-after being "linked", the formal application of the word Soviet Union in China is also late 1924. In the early years after the founding of the Soviet Union, China simply refused to recognize its existence because of the hostage-taking of the great powers and its own position. At that time, China media called it "generalized party, generalized government" or "excited party, Red Army" and so on, and some people called it "exposing the country" and "old peasant regime" with the Japanese. After the founding of the Far East Republic, China people called the Chita regime "East Russia" and the Moscow regime "West Russia"-at that time, the accusations against Russia were so confusing that some people wrote articles in the media to explain them one by one. The translation of "government of workers and peasants" in "Declaration 19 18 Edition" embodies the era mark of the emergence of a new type of government in the world, and also includes the diplomatic historical process of China and Russia from breaking, chaos and alliance due to the October Revolution. Now the "Declaration 19 19 Edition" has been translated into the well-known "Soviet Union", which I thought was completely obliterated.

3. There is no signature of the translation reviewer-and the translation reviewer of "Shen Bao 19 18 Edition" recorded Jiang Chun; Jiang Chun: Later translated into Song Yang by some people; Yang: "Plenipotentiary member of the People's Foreign Affairs Committee of the Far East and Siberia". In contrast, "Statement 19 18" not only has the signature of the statement publisher, but also the signature of the reviewer, which at least gives people a sense of seriousness.

4. In the "Declaration 19 18 Edition", "At that time, the Allies suddenly trusted the Beijing government and widely bought off China officials and newspapers, forcing the China government to refuse to negotiate with the Russian workers and peasants government ..." was changed to "Unexpectedly, the Allies held the Beijing government hostage and bribed Beijing officials and China newspapers, forcing the China government to sever all relations with the Russian workers and peasants government." This revised the views and judgments of the Bolshevik government on the China government and the world situation at that time, and exposed the mentality of self-narration and self-appeal in free translation, which was a failure for such a diplomatic document with historical weight.

5. Compared with the version of "Declaration 19 18", it deleted a paragraph-exactly the words about the return of the Middle East Railway to China. The original text of "Declaration 19 18" reads: "The generalized government is willing to unconditionally return all gold products and other industries of mining forests leased by China Eastern Railway, Russian Imperial Government and kerensky, as well as thieves such as Gao, Semenlov and Circea Ke, and those who were occupied by former Russian officers, businessmen and capitalists, without any requirements." Deleting this paragraph will eliminate the legal basis for the Soviet Union and Russia's claim that the Middle East Railway should be returned to China without any claim, but they broke their word. It is worth noting that in the historical documentary "Xuezhong East Road" recently broadcast by CCTV, an authoritative person also clearly stated that "no words have been formed". Looking back at the newly compiled historical materials about the early contacts between China and the Soviet Union, there is no such passage in the records of the first Soviet-Russian declaration-looking back at historical materials:1At the end of 923, a newspaper in three northeastern provinces went to Beijing with Zhu Qinglan * *, and the inspector of the Middle East Railway Company who attended the preparatory meeting between China and Russia with Yang Zhuo and on behalf of Fengtian spoke to a Russian newspaper, saying, "As a railway issue in the Middle East, the representative of China has an unshakable position. The reason is that Mr. Abraham, the representative of Russian workers and peasants, signed the special memorandum of the Russian workers and peasants government, stating that everything that the old Russian government obtained from China should be returned to China, including the Middle East Railway, of course ... "If the special memorandum mentioned by Yang refers to the Soviet Union's first declaration to China, then there is a feeling that the meaning of this word has not been specially formed for returning to the East Road. However, in April 1923, the Riverside Times published Lenin's talk to a reporter about the Middle East road: "Last time, the road made by Russia with 8 million gold rubles was given to China by hand, but China did not receive it. It is reported that China has changed hands several times, and nobody cares about diplomacy ... "On this basis, it seems that there is a specific negotiation on the East Road.

What needs to be pointed out in particular is that the historical archives about the foreign negotiations on Zhongdong Road, especially the negotiations between Su Feng and the Soviet Union, are classified as secret archives by a certain part of China and will not be decrypted. The historical materials of East Road are related to China and Russia. From the Qing Dynasty to Russia, it directly involves many historical sites of Beijing regime, Fengtian regime, Southern Sun Yat-sen regime, Far East, Soviet Russia, and even Japan and the great powers at that time, which is complicated and chaotic. Nothing is richer and heavier than Si. We don't decrypt it, but Russia makes it public, which leads to the imbalance between the bias and openness of international historical information; I think this is the source of confusion about time, place, people, events and nature in the discussion of the early contacts between China and the Soviet Union.

As for the time difference between the two versions, it is said that there was a war at that time, and there were intermittent power outages in China and Russia. The release date of the Russian document was March, and when it reached the ears of the Beijing regime, it was already July. The difference in years is a clerical error. In fact, there is only one version. As a telegram, who signed it for China? What did you do after receiving it? How to deal with politicians? What was said in the disposal? They are all "stories" that need to be found in historical materials.