1, the yellow turban insurrectionary
The Yellow Scarf Uprising was a peasant war at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was also one of the largest religious uprisings in the history of China, which began in the seventh year of Han Dynasty (A.D. 184).
At that time, the imperial court was corrupt, the eunuchs and consorts were constantly fighting, the frontier war was constantly going on, the national situation was weakening day by day, and taxes were not reduced because of the national drought. The poor farmers who had no choice but to turn the corner rose up under the orders of the Julu people.
Wearing a yellow turban and shouting the slogan "Heaven dies, Heaven should stand, and the world will be fine at the age of 60", launched a fierce attack on bureaucratic landlords and had a great impact on the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty court.
In order to quell the rebellion, all localities have paid tribute to their soldiers. Although the uprising ended in failure, the situation of warlordism and the survival of the Eastern Han Dynasty was irreversible, which eventually led to the formation of the tripartite confrontation between the three countries.
2. Dong Zhuo rebelled
In the sixth year of Zhong Ping, Dong Zhuo led the army into Luo, abolished the Han emperor, made Xie the emperor, and became the prime minister, taking charge of state affairs.
The following year, the Kanto vassal pushed Yuan Shao as the leader, crusaded against Dong Zhuo, defeated Dong Zhuo, held Liu Xie, the Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, and marched millions of people from Luoyang to Chang 'an. Before the trip, Dong Zhuo's foot soldiers burned and looted, and Fiona Fang around Luoyang was reduced to ruins within 200 miles. In the third year of Chuping, Dong Zhuo was killed by Wang Yun and Lu Bu.
Dong Zhuo's rebellion, which lasted for three years, was short, but it caused great changes in the political situation in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The warlord crusade caused by Dong Zhuo's tyranny laid the foundation for the separatist situation. The regime of the Eastern Han Dynasty gradually declined, and the Three Kingdoms appeared one after another during this period, thus opening the chaos of the Three Kingdoms in which warlords fought each other.
Step 3 compete with the group
At that time, the Eastern Han Dynasty was divided into thirteen states, each with its own strongmen. The forces of all parties are at war with each other, and the lives of the people are naturally miserable.
Among these separatist forces, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Sun Jian and Liu Bei are well-known forces, and the rise of other forces can better show the different patterns of development in troubled times.
4. The positions of the three countries.
Battle of Red Cliffs and Cao Cao were defeated by Sun Liu's allied forces, which laid the rudiment of the tripartite confrontation among the three countries. In 220, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, with Luoyang as its capital and the title of "Wei", known as Cao Wei in history, and the history of the Three Kingdoms officially began. The following year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, making Chengdu his capital, which was known as Shu Han in history.
In 222, Liu Bei lost the battle of Yiling, and Sun Quan won most of Jingzhou. When Liu Bei died in 223, Zhuge Liang helped Liu Chan, the son of Liu Bei, reunite with Sun Quan. In 229, the rising sun rose, the capital was established and Jianye was named "Wu", which was called in history. At this point, the three countries were formally established.
In the following decades, Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei of Shu Han led troops to the northern expedition of Cao Wei many times, but they never changed the pattern of tripartite confrontation.
5. The Three Kingdoms Return to Jin
In 263 AD, Si Mazhao ordered Zhong Hui, Wargo and Zhuge Xu to attack Shu, and Jiang Wei, commander-in-chief of Shu Han, blocked the enemy at Jiange. Finally, Wargo attacked Fucheng and advanced into Chengdu.
Finally, Liu Chan surrendered and Shu Han perished, which was the famous battle of Wei destroying Shu. After Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei attempted to defect, they were immediately put down by Si Mazhao. Si Mazhao died soon, and his son Sima Yan finally usurped the throne in 265, and Cao Wei perished. Sima Yan established the Jin Dynasty for Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital, which was called the Western Jin Dynasty in history.
After years of preparation, in 279, Wang Jun and Du Yu wrote that it was time to attack Wu, but Jia Chong and Xun Yu opposed it on the grounds that the northwest was undecided. Finally, in 65438+February, it was decided to attack Wu. In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Soochow and unified China, thus ending the Three Kingdoms period and entering the Jin Dynasty.