The closing movement is an extremely important historical event in modern Japanese history. Before the Meiji Restoration, in Japan, the reformist centers with the middle and lower samurai as the main body were in the economically developed four clans of Samo, Changzhou, Tosa and Feiqian in the southwest. They gradually realized the crisis of their backward ethnic groups and put forward the slogan of "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries", the essence of which was to overthrow the Tokugawa era.

motor process

As early as 1837, the young warrior Nohei Shiro launched an armed uprising against the tyranny of the shogunate in Osaka, with hundreds of participants. Although it was suppressed in one day, the uprising became a signal to overthrow the Tokugawa era. Since the mid-1960s, the Japanese people have set off the climax of their struggle. In this process, the young samurai in Changzhou, Satsuma, Tosa, and Feiqian in the southwest of Japan quickly expanded their strength and became the main force of the Japanese bourgeoisie and rebellion. 1in June, 863, the shogunate was forced to declare "anti-foreign", and then the American and French warships attacked Shimonoseki and the British fleet attacked Samoa. /kloc-in the spring of 0/865, Takayama Shin, the leader of the anti-foreign faction in Wang Zun, Changzhou, put forward the strategy of "opening a port to discuss the curtain", decided not to mention "anti-foreign" and turned to armed opposition, and formed a secret military alliance with Samoans. At the same time, Britain also weighed the pros and cons, changed its strategy and helped the rebels. On the other hand, the shogunate took refuge in France and launched the second war to conquer Changzhou Francisco in July 1866.

At this time, the people's uprising was surging, which dealt a heavy blow to the shogunate. Changzhou-Francisco joined forces to fight bravely and forced the shogunate to retreat in September of the same year. The authority of the shogunate plummeted. 1867 Emperor Xiaoming died, Prince Mu Ren (Emperor Meiji) succeeded to the throne, and shady forces actively allied to send troops. The anti-curtain faction stepped up its activities in the imperial court, contacted some dignitaries, won the support of the young Meiji Emperor, and obtained a secret imperial edict calling for a curtain call. 165438+1October 8, the emperor's secret imperial edict was proposed. Shogun General Tokugawa Yoshinobu called for "returning to power" on the 9th, but at the same time, he assembled elite troops in Osaka in an attempt to split and disintegrate the anti-Shogun faction, waiting for an opportunity to make a comeback and attempt to rebel. 1868 (the first year of Chen Wu) 65438+ 10. On 3 October, the Emperor issued "The Imperial Government Restoration", which abolished the shogunate and made Tokugawa celebrate "resigning from office and accepting land".

/kloc-at the beginning of 0/868, Tokugawa Yoshinobu sneaked out of Kyoto and fled to Osaka, gathering troops to prepare for the counterattack, and an open civil war broke out. On the 8th 10, Tokugawa Yoshinobu declared Osaka's "edict of restoring ancient ways" illegal. 1October 27th, 65438, the imperial army with 5000 men, mainly Saskatchewan and Changshan, fought fiercely with the shogunate army10.5000 men near Kyoto, and retired all the troops to fight a decisive battle with the government army near Kyoto. In this battle, the shogunate army was completely defeated and the shogunate army won a decisive victory. The closing troops pursued them and reached Edo. Tokugawa Yoshinobu was forced to surrender and Tokugawa Yoshinobu defeated Edo. The "Chen Wu War" began. The emperor's army invaded the east on a large scale, forcing Tokugawa Yoshinobu to hand over Edo City on May 3, 1986, and put down the rebel princes in the northeast at the beginning of 10, and the war basically ended.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/869, the imperial army went to Hokkaido and captured Hakodate, the last stronghold of the remnants of the shogunate, on June 27th, ending the Chen Wu War. In the war, the people's struggle effectively cooperated with the emperor's army, which was an important reason for the emperor's government to win the war. In this way, the last feudal shogunate regime in Japan was overthrown. 1869, the Meiji government moved from Kyoto to Tokyo and began a series of political and economic reforms, namely the Meiji Restoration.