With the continuous development of engineering construction in China, the state has put forward higher requirements for engineering construction safety, and how to ensure construction safety has become an important management content. In the process of construction safety, we should not just shout slogans, but carry out safety management according to the specific conditions of the project and our own professional knowledge. Only in this way can a good safety control effect be achieved.
1 project overview
The total length of a passenger transport project is 2 1 1.2km, the railway design grade is I, and the design speed is 250km/h. There are 28 railway bridges, 7 extra-large bridges1,25 medium bridges and 26 tunnels. In the process of electrification capacity expansion and transformation, due to the complex construction environment, especially the construction of two sections, K36+20 1~K58+850m and tie line DK0+000~K 1+600m, on high subgrade, the construction safety risk is great and the construction is difficult. In order to ensure the construction safety, it is necessary to control and manage the construction safety during the construction process.
2. Safety measures taken during erection of hard beam
(1) form a joint blockade mode to ensure the basic safety of driving and construction. When the hard beam is installed, all the reserved measuring lines should be opened to traffic, and other station lines should be blocked. In the construction of throat bifurcation areas at both ends of the station, temporary management should be carried out by vertical occlusion. (2) Form perfect safety management measures and emergency plans to ensure that relevant problems can be solved quickly in case of emergency and minimize losses. (3) Form an effective emergency plan. In case of the following accidents, report to the leaders of the project department and supervision department immediately, and inform other relevant departments of the actual situation of the project construction at the same time [1]. If the wire rope suddenly breaks, it shall immediately notify the dispatching desk to delay, and at the same time, quickly move the beam out of the line to ensure no interference; If the beam cannot be connected, the beam being installed should be stopped immediately, and then technical review and improvement should be carried out; It is necessary to ensure that the standby power supply of the rail car is always in standby state. (4) Operation shall be carried out by vertical blockade. In the process of beam erection, if the upward main line and other upward lines are blocked with upward skylight points, the downward traffic operation will have to stop and the construction personnel need to get out of the way. The beam will be suspended in the air, posing a threat to the safety of operators and driving safety. Vertical locking mode is convenient to operate, with high reliability and safety. It is recommended to use vertical locking operation.
3 Basic safety measures for erecting pillars
Before the column is erected, the power lines, communication lines and other lines in the construction section should be inspected and corresponding safety measures should be formulated. The actual situation along the construction line should be explained to the construction personnel [2]. In the process of construction, it is not allowed to use a flatbed truck to carry a crane to carry out vertical pole work on the construction line. The shunting machinery used in vertical pole operation shall be approved by the competent railway department. After the installed train enters the construction area, it is necessary to obtain the construction order issued by the dispatcher or station attendant before the next work can be carried out. The construction train shall not carry out lifting operation in the process of moving forward, and the boom of the crane shall be placed in the required position and shall not exceed the boundary between the locomotive and the vehicle. When hoisting steel columns and concrete columns with cranes, the tops of the columns should be slightly close, and the columns between tracks should be inclined along the line. No one is allowed to enter the pit during the installation of the column. When the moving direction of the boom and the swinging direction of the column will invade the boundary of the adjacent line, the running time of the train on the adjacent line should be accurately grasped, and the lookout should be strengthened during operation. If into the pit is needed after the column is erected, the stability of the column and pit wall should be strengthened. If it is necessary to arrange construction personnel to move the pillar in the pit, the anchor bolt can only be loosened properly, and it cannot be removed. For the columns near the crossing and along the loading and unloading line where vehicles travel, effective protection must be carried out. When rail is used for alignment in jointless track section, high temperature time should be avoided. The actual locking rail temperature of straight line segment should be 10℃, and the actual locking rail temperature of curve segment should be 5℃. In the process of rectification, if various abnormal situations such as horizontal or vertical displacement are found, relevant measures should be taken to ensure safety.
4 Self-propelled equipment safety protection measures
4. 1 Safety protection measures taken for poling operation
When the distance between the center of the line occupied by the upright truck and the unclosed adjacent line
4.2 Problems that should be paid attention to when rail vehicles are working
When the rail car enters the closed section, the voucher is used as the main basis for dispatching orders and construction operations. The driver and assistant driver shall confirm the rail car, including the number of trains, running speed, operation time and place, operation content and return time, etc. , and in strict accordance with the provisions of the inspection. When the rail car passes through the station, it is necessary to confirm the warning signal, entrance signal, entrance switch, exit signal, voucher and exit switch. When entering the yellow block signal, you should immediately slow down and ensure that you stop before the signal. Shunting operation must strictly implement the main road and loop system. If you don't get the opening signal, you need to stop 50 meters in front of the signal. When carrying out construction work on the working platform, it must be operated by professionals, and the operators must be familiar with relevant operating procedures and requirements and carry out construction work in accordance with the project operation specifications. When the adjacent line is not closed, the operator of the operating platform should first press the switch to the corresponding position, and cannot rotate to the adjacent line beyond the boundary of the locomotive and vehicle. If the adjacent line passes the train, stop running immediately and start running after the train leaves; Sundries can't be placed on the platform and operation surface, so as not to affect the operation speed and safety. Rail car drivers must stick to their posts, cooperate with workers, keep close contact, pay attention to the operation of the operating platform, and take immediate measures to solve emergencies.
5. Protective measures to ensure the personal safety of workers
5. 1 Safety measures for bridge and tunnel construction
When construction is carried out on the pier without guardrail, certain protective measures must be taken, the safety belt must be fastened and fixed on the fixed facilities of the pier abutment, and special personnel must be appointed on the bridge to prevent the workers from falling. When constructing in the tunnel, safe and reliable lighting equipment must be provided. Workers working on the dock must wear overalls, safety helmets, safety belts and non-slip shoes, and take anti-slip measures when walking in places that are easy to slip. When it is foggy and rainy, you can't work high above the ground; In the process of working on the bridge, if the work is not used for the time being, it can be put in the tool bag, which can not only effectively reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, but also carry it with you when it is used. For tools and materials that are no longer used, tie the tools with ropes and level them to the ground. It is forbidden to throw objects at high altitude, and then put materials and tools in the designated place. In the actual construction process, protective measures must be taken, and the tread plate should be restored to its original state in time after a construction is completed.
5.2 Safety protection measures should be taken for clue erection.
Before paying-off, the coil must be inspected and fixed in detail to avoid damage caused by coil breakage, and other dangerous accidents are more likely to occur. In the process of defense, to ensure the normal operation of the coil, the tension of the conductor is always balanced. During the lifting of the workbench of the pay-off car, the operator may be injured when climbing the ladder because the fixed ladder frame and the movable ladder frame cross each other. At this time, the operator cannot climb up and down the ladder. The railing of the workbench is mainly to protect the life safety of the construction workers. If the operator drives unsteadily during stringing, it is easy for the operator to tilt and fall at high altitude.
5.3 Safety measures for elevator operation during suspension adjustment
In order to ensure the safety of construction, when suspension is adjusted by car body operation, more than 4 people are arranged for each car ladder, and the operator of the car ladder is controlled within 2 people. During the operation, if the vehicle is unstable, the operator is not allowed to climb the ladder, and it is not allowed to get up and down the ladder while the vehicle is running. Materials and tools should be put away on the ladder workbench, and it is forbidden to throw them away at will. The personnel pushing and supporting the escalator should obey the instructions of the escalator operator, keep the pushing speed within 5km/h, and no impact is allowed during the pushing process.
5.4 Safety guarantee measures in the process of construction protection of operating lines
There are four main safety measures included in the construction protection process of operating lines. (1) Protect the places that affect traffic construction accordingly. (2) Protection management personnel shall appoint personnel who have passed the examination. During interval construction, the single line is at both ends, and the double line is set up to stand guard in the direction of incoming vehicles. (3) Protective personnel on the construction site should carry corresponding protective articles. In the process of construction, if the job site protection personnel can't contact or talk clearly with the job site protection personnel, it is not allowed to start work. During the construction, they should talk every five minutes. When communication is interrupted due to telephone failure, the person in charge of construction shall order the termination of construction, and the construction can only be resumed after the telephone call is normal and the personnel on duty at the station are unified. (4) When the station-based protection personnel inform the interval protection personnel to come to the car, they are required to repeat it.
6 conclusion
At present, the railway safety situation in China is still very grim. Although the relevant units have issued safety-related documents, various accidents are still unavoidable. In order to truly put safety work in place, we should not only implement it in management's understanding, thought and slogan, but also implement it in operation. Only in this way can we achieve good results.
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