Historical background
Under the rule of Qin dynasty, the corvee tax burden of ordinary people was heavy, and the criminal law became more and more harsh. Working people are struggling with hunger and death.
Explosive fuze
In 209 BC, Qin Ershi ordered the recruitment of 900 poor farmers in the Huaihe River basin to defend Yuyang.
Chen Sheng from a peasant family and Guangwu from a poor peasant family were appointed as captains. When they arrived at osawa Township, Qixian County, the continuous rain stopped them here, and they could not arrive at Yuyang Garrison as scheduled. According to the provisions of the Qin law, anyone who misses the deadline will be put to death.
The two military commanders who escorted them were very violent, so Chen Sheng and Guangwu took the opportunity to kill them, and then said to everyone: You are late for the heavy rain, and you will be beheaded if you are late. Even if they don't kill us, 67 people in 10 will die defending the frontier. What's more, the strong man's broken wrist is not dead yet. Since you are going to die, do something vigorous! Their words inspired the soldiers to fight. Everyone elected Chen Sheng as a general and Guangwu as a surname, and put forward the slogan of "No way to attack Qin" to form a peasant uprising army. The first peasant uprising broke out in the history of China.
After the uprising
In order to expand their influence, they lit a bonfire in the shrine near the station at night, made foxes, and made the sound of "Great Chu wàng, Chen Qiang", which was passed down as a myth by the people. Chen Sheng, led the peasant uprising army, occupied osawa Township, captured Qixian County, and soon captured five or six counties. Wherever the rebels went, poor farmers responded in succession. After Chen Sheng and the rebels led by him captured Chen County, the "Zhang Chu" regime was established, with Chen Sheng as king. This is the first peasant revolutionary regime in the history of China.
Chen Sheng's men, such as Lv Chen, persisted in their struggle. This insurrectionary army later joined the insurrectionary army led by Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, and continued to fight Qin Jun. In 206 BC, the Qin Dynasty was destroyed under the heavy blow of the peasant insurrectionary army.
Fault summary
This is the first civilian uprising in the history of China. In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), a group of more than 900 people who were recruited to be stationed in Yuyang were unable to reach the garrison in osawa Township due to heavy rain. According to the Qin law, if the deadline is lost, everyone is afraid. There are two captains to prevent stroke. One is Chen Sheng, a native of Yangcheng (now southwest of Henan Shangshui); One is the word uncle, from (now Taikang, Henan). They instigated the garrison uprising by means of "writing with the belly of a fish" and "singing with fire", and put forward the slogan "Great Chu prospers and Chen prospers" to rise up against Qin.
The rebels soon occupied several counties. Due to the continuous participation of the people, the army has developed rapidly. When Chen County (now Suiyang, Henan Province) was captured, there were already tens of thousands of infantry, more than a thousand cavalry and six or seven hundred chariots. Chen Sheng established himself as the king, and Zhang Chu (meaning Zhang Chu) was appointed as the fake king, and led the army to attack Xingyang (now Henan) in the west, killing Liu. All over the country, especially in the old Chu state, the people and the old nobles also rose up against the state of Qin.
The siege of Xingyang, Chen Sheng sent Zhou as a general, and the Western Expedition of the State of Qin. When Zhou arrived at the stage (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi, only a hundred miles away from Xianyang, the capital), he quickly ordered Shaofu to organize the torturers and slaves who built the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor into an army to fight. Due to the lack of combat experience, the rebel army went deep alone and suffered setbacks one after another. Zhou Wen committed suicide.
With the development of the anti-Qin war, the weaknesses and contradictions within the rebel army gradually emerged. Chen Sheng became proud, listened to rumors, killed old friends, became increasingly alienated from the uprising masses, and the generals sent to various places no longer obeyed his constraints. The fake Wang Guangwu who besieged Xingyang also disagreed with Tian Cang, the general of the rebel army. Tian Cang killed Guangwu under the wrong command of Chen Sheng, which led to the collapse of the whole army. Won Xingyang and pounced on Chen County. Chen Sheng was difficult to engage in war, so he broke through and fled to the city father (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui Province) and was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia. Since then, although Chen Sheng's Cangtou Army led by Lv Chen recovered Chenjun twice and executed Zhuang Jia, the Zhang Chu regime no longer exists. Although Chen Sheng and the Uprising failed in less than a year, they ignited the fire against the Qin Dynasty all over the country and soon overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty.
ultimate cause
The limitations of the peasant class, small-scale peasant thought, weakness