On 20 14 65438+ 10/9, dozens of Vietnamese people held an anti-China demonstration in the center of ha noi to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Xisha naval battle, shouting slogans such as "Huangsha (Xisha, China) and Changsha (Nansha, China) belong to Vietnam". In Hue Palace, a world cultural heritage in Vietnam, two huge maps are hung, claiming that Xisha and Nansha Islands belong to Vietnam in Vietnamese, English and Chinese. It is worth noting that 1974 and 1 invaded China waters, and Chen Qingyu and Chen were all named after anti-China heroes in Vietnamese history. The first invasion was named after General Li Chao who invaded the Northern Song Dynasty in A.D. 1075.
After the Xisha naval battle, the Ancient History of Vietnam published by the Vietnamese Government Press said: "The history of Vietnam is a history of China's aggression". What kind of feud conflict existed between China and Vietnam in ancient times, which made Vietnam so bitter?
Is suppressing the county uprising a war of aggression?
"Yue" refers to the south of Baiyue. In 2 14 BC, Qin Shihuang settled in Baiyue, Lingnan, and established Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangsan Counties, in which Guilin and Nanhai were located in today's Guangxi and Guangdong respectively, and Xiangxian County included today's southeastern Guangxi and northern and central Vietnam. According to the Vietnamese side, this is the beginning of China's large-scale invasion of Vietnam. In fact, there were only some primitive tribes there at that time, and there was no independent regime. Qin Shihuang's occupation of South Vietnam was one of his steps to unify China. The 500,000 troops heading south were ordered to stay in the local area, mingle with the Vietnamese people, and develop production to promote development.
After the death of Qin Shihuang, various regions became independent, and Longchuan, Nanhai County, made Zhao Tuo take the opportunity to stand on his own feet and establish "Nanyue State". In BC 1 1 1, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty resumed the great cause of reunification and conquered the "Nanyue State", which was divided into nine counties. From this to the end of the Five Dynasties, this area was a part of China's ancient autocratic dynasty for about 1000 years.
At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu changed the system of Vietnamese tribute without paying taxes and sent officials to collect taxes locally. Luo Wang, Luo Hou, Luo Jiang and other primitive tribal leaders were dissatisfied with this. In 40 AD, a pheasant rebelled against her daughter, and her sister Zheng Er immediately responded. The uprising defeated the defenders of the Han Dynasty, gained 65 cities and became king on its own. The uprising led by him was called "Erzheng Uprising" in history. Zheng's regime lasted for three years and was pacified by the general of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
According to the records of the later Han Dynasty, the Trng sisters were captured and beheaded, and were declared as the first in Luoyang. According to Vietnamese historical legends, the Trng sisters were unyielding and committed suicide by throwing themselves into the river on February 6 of the 43 rd lunar calendar. Every year on February 6th of the lunar calendar, Vietnamese people hold commemorative activities.
After Ma Yuan's rebellion, he abolished the general system of pheasant and improved the county system. According to China historians, counterinsurgency promoted the progress of local relations of production. The Vietnamese side evaluated Erzheng Uprising as the beginning of national consciousness awakening, and the Tr?ng sisters were honored as goddesses in constant legend deduction.
At the end of June, a Vietnamese party and government delegation led by Comrade Ho Chi Minh paid its first official visit to China. Mao Zedong mentioned in the first meeting between the two sides that China invaded Vietnam in ancient times. 19561/in June, Zhou Enlai visited Vietnam and personally laid a wreath at Erzheng Temple in Hanoi to pay tribute to the "two queens who died fighting against the invading army led by Ma Yuan in the Han Dynasty in China more than 900 years ago". On that night, Zhou Enlai announced at the reception held by Ambassador Luo Guibo: I can guarantee that China will
Zhou Enlai chose to visit Erzheng Temple to promote Sino-Vietnamese relations in the new period, but objectively speaking, Vietnam in the Eastern Han Dynasty was not an independent country, but a county in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ma Yuan's suppression of Mrs Erzheng's uprising is an "internal contradiction" in the Han Dynasty, which is not essentially different from the suppression of peasant uprisings in other provinces, and can not be characterized as "aggression" in theory. Since then, nearly a thousand years of uprisings and repression have been similar in nature, such as Lady Zhao's uprising in the Three Kingdoms period, Li Ben's uprising in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Li Fozi's uprising in the Sui Dynasty, two civilian uprisings and two general uprisings in the Tang Dynasty, and so on. In Vietnam's history education, these uprisings are all the struggles of the Vietnamese people for national liberation under the leadership of heroes. Even in peacetime, the Vietnamese people never stopped resisting the "expansion policy, assimilation plot and cunning ruling means" of the Northern Han Dynasty.
Vietnam invaded China more than ten times in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In 939 AD, Wu Quan, a straddle-toed man, defeated the army of the Southern Han Dynasty and became king by expanding his territory. In 968, Dingbu in Jiaodi area proclaimed himself emperor and took the title of "Daqu Yue". Vietnam formally established an independent regime and became a country. Wu Quan was regarded as the father of the country by Vietnam, and his image was deified. According to Vietnamese history books, Wu Quan was born "full of strange light". "Like Chang (Qi), he has bright eyes, walks like a tiger, is both wise and brave, and can carry a tripod."
In 960, Zhao Kuangyin established the Northern Song Dynasty. In 972, Ding Bu sent an envoy to the Song Dynasty, saying that "the ambition of Chinese style is always attached" and asked for conferment. Zhao Kuangyin was named "King of Rubber-soled County". This indicates that Vietnam has become a vassal of China, and Sino-Vietnamese relations have entered a vassal period. Vietnam is not really willing to "possess". In the TV series "Su Dongpo" broadcast on 20 12, there is a plot of paying tribute to a monster that did not exist in the Central Plains. The civil servants in the Song Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty couldn't name it. Song Huizong felt humiliated, but the tiptoe messenger was very proud. Fortunately, Su Dongpo recognized this as an "elk" and solved a diplomatic crisis. Although this plot comes from legend, it also illustrates the attitude of Vietnam towards China at that time.
1009, Li established the most prosperous dynasty in Vietnamese history-Li Dynasty, and the rulers were ambitious, forcing Zhancheng and Cambodia to pay tribute, and on 10 1022, 1028, 1036.
In A.D. 1069, Wang Anshi carried out a political reform aimed at enriching Qiang Bing, which caused a strong controversy in China. Under the leadership of Qiu, the auxiliary country, hundreds of thousands of troops of the Li Dynasty seized the opportunity to attack the Song Dynasty and invaded the three countries of Qin, Lian and Yong. "More than 58,000 people were killed, and hundreds of thousands of people were killed in Qin and Lian." The Yong government was outnumbered. In such a cruel war of aggression, the reason for sending troops turned out to be that the Song Dynasty carried out political reform and destroyed the people, and Vietnam "tried to save the country." The way to save each other is to slaughter. In modern times, Vietnam claimed that it attacked the Song Dynasty "for self-defense", because Le Th??ng Ki?t believed that Song Jun had aggressive intentions, so it "pre-empted".
1076 In March, Song Shenzong sent Guo Kun to lead 300,000 troops to recover Yongzhou's lost land, and then pursued it and entered the territory of the Li Dynasty, only 30 kilometers away from its capital, Shenglong. Th??ng Ki?t made peace, withdrew from the land occupied by the Li Dynasty, and restored the relationship between the vassal and the vassal. At the Vietnam National History Museum in Ho Chi Minh City, you can see the scene of Li Dynasty's army fighting Song Jun through sand tables and character models. Th??ng Ki?t's "meritorious service" in capturing Song Cheng made him sit on the throne of national hero, and he was praised as "an outstanding strategist who combined genius strategy and outstanding political and diplomatic ability", but his story of killing China civilians was little known in Vietnam.
Heroes who love China also love Confucius.
In the early Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan expanded everywhere and attacked Vietnam three times. Only the first attack on Vietnam won, and the last two were defeated by Chen Guojun, the general of the Chen royal family in Vietnam. Chen Guojun was named the king of Sing Tao, so it was also called Chen Sing Tao. Mongolian soldiers traveled all over Eurasia, but failed to conquer little Vietnam. Since then, they have often been harassed by Vietnamese troops on the southwest border, which makes Vietnam very proud, and Chen Xing Dao has become the number one national hero. At that time, Mongolia had entered the Central Plains to establish the Yuan Dynasty, and the invasion of Vietnam was also blamed on China.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty and the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, China sent troops to Vietnam. The reasons for sending troops were basically internal rebellion in Vietnam or aggression by neighboring countries, and the precarious dynasty asked the suzerain for help. China did have the obligation to send troops under the etiquette system of the suzerain-vassal relationship at that time, and China could not be accused of interfering in Vietnamese internal affairs from a modern point of view.
/kloc-in the 1980s of 0/9, China fulfilled its duty as the suzerain for the last time to help Vietnam fight against the French army. In the end, China was unbeaten, defeated and the French won. Under the compromise of Qing Dynasty, 1885 French occupied Vietnam, and the relationship between China and Vietnam ended. It was not until 1949 that Sino-Vietnamese relations turned a new page and entered an unprecedented honeymoon period, and the leaders of the two countries also forged brotherly personal friendship.
In China's history books, there is often only one generation of Vietnam-related affairs. The names of Vietnamese generals who fought against China are rarely recorded because their ranks are very low. But for Viet Nam, China is one of the most important and powerful neighbors. Sino-Vietnamese relations are very important in Vietnamese history. Sacrifice and worship of China heroes have existed since ancient times. Tang Degang wrote in Seventy Years of the Late Qing Dynasty: "My Vietnamese students told me that in the history of Vietnam, all Vietnamese' national heroes' were' anti-China heroes'. I also told them that in the history of the civil war in zhina Peninsula, I don't know how many "national heroes" have been produced, which may be 100 times more than those who resisted China, but only "anti-China heroes" can go down in history. You don't even know the names of other heroes. The students smiled and said yes.