The Battle of Kunlun Pass was China's first major victory over the Japanese army, which dealt a heavy blow to the 5th Division, the ace of the Japanese army, especially its 2 1 brigade, and greatly inspired the hearts and morale of China.
Kunlun Pass War:
1939 65438+February 4th.
Lieutenant General Imamura, head of the 5th Division of the Japanese Army, ordered the 2 1 brigade, known as the "Iron Corps", to station in Nakamura, head of the brigade.
Under the command of Major General Masao, he captured Kunlun Pass, a strategic place in Guangxi. So the anger of China's army's winter counterattack was burned.
South China-Kunlun Pass.
Chiang Kai-shek is determined to show the Japanese in Kunlun Pass. Personally selected a group of elite troops to participate in the war, including
China's only mechanized army (5th Army).
The commander-in-chief of the counterattack against Kunlun Pass is Bai Chongxi.
The order of participating troops is as follows:
Xu, commander-in-chief of the 38th Army, leads the 5th, 6th, 99th and 36th Army, with about thirteen divisions.
Xia Wei, Commander-in-Chief of 16 Army, and his subordinates, 3 1 46 Army, have about six divisions.
Cai Yankai, four infantry regiments.
Deng Longguang, two divisions of the 64th Army.
Ye Zhao, two divisions of the 66th Army.
A division and training regiment of the 43rd Army.
One hundred air force planes.
Total: 154642 people.
According to the orders of Chiang Kai-shek and Bai Chongxi, the participating troops secretly moved to Nanning from Hunan, Guangdong and Sichuan.
Bai Chongxi divided the counter-offensive forces into east, west and north roads.
The marked army consists of 5 divisions of 16 army. Attack the area west of Dafeng.
The East Route Army, composed of four divisions of Cai Tingkai and other departments, attacked the area east of Qin Ning Highway.
The Northern Route Army was composed of ten divisions of the 38th Army (and about six divisions in reserve) to counterattack the Kunlun Pass area.
After February 7, 65438, it was reported that there would be100000 students in the village about 40 kilometers north of Nanning.
The Central Army arrived and counterattacked Kunlun Pass. The arrogant Imamura will scoff at this and assert that it is absolutely impossible to be in the mountainous area north of Nanning.
One hundred thousand troops can pass.
65438+mid-February. In this will be cocky village, China's army commander in chief general Bai Chongxi ordered, no.
Quietly entering the attack area, more than 100,000 troops ambushed in the mountainous area north of Nanning, just waiting for the order.
Attack on all fronts.
65438+February 16.
General Du, commander of the Fifth Mechanized Army, held a meeting of cadres above the army level in Tanlian Village to announce the operational tasks and plans of the Fifth Mechanized Army.
Row. The army undertook the task of attacking Kunlun Pass. The operational deployment of its three divisions is: Zheng Dongguo 1 Division as the front of Kunlun Pass.
Attack; Dai Anlan 200 Division is the general reserve team; The 22nd Division of "German General" Qiu Qingquan detoured behind enemy lines and inserted into Kunlun Pass.
Between Nanning and Liutang, attack the enemy on the defensive, cut off the traffic between Nanning and Kunlun Pass, and block the retreat of the enemy of Kunlun Pass.
The meeting is in progress. Two generals, Chen Cheng and Bai Chongxi, went to the front line to inspect the preparations of various forces and specially went to the Fifth Army.
Assembly site, inspect and patrol this ace force. Two people came to the meeting, Chen Cheng with a straight face, commanding Du to come.
Take Kunlun Pass as scheduled, otherwise, Du went to see Chiang Kai-shek with a head in his hand.
Du stood upright in front of Chen Cheng and answered "Yes!"
When the officers saw it, they all stood in awe.
This is a very successful action, secret work and mobilization of the army, just like a month ago, the Japanese army went out against the wind and waves.
Unexpectedly. /kloc-more than 0/100,000 troops successfully passed the place that Imamura thought was completely impossible. Imamura thinks
It is impossible to assemble there. Du's mechanized heavy artillery brigade drove to the dense forest in the hilly area near Kunlun Pass.
Positions were quickly established only three or four miles away from the enemy's forward positions, and rows of cannons quietly aimed at the enemy's array 2.
Land. Qiu Qingquan's 22nd division chariot troops have crossed the mountains from Si Long, north of Kunlun Pass, and arrived at Kunlun Pass through Taiping Village.
Wutang area in the south is interspersed with it.
65438+February 17.
Lieutenant General Imamura still thanks him for his wisdom and correct judgment that there is no war in the north of Nanning. It was not until eight o'clock in the morning that he was relieved.
Boldly ordered Hechuan detachment to attack Longzhou and Zhennanguan and seize two strategic locations on the Sino-Vietnamese border.
Major General and Chuan led his team to take hundreds of big trucks and set out from Nanning in a mighty way.
Eight o'clock that night. Under the guidance and cover of tanks, China's troops lying in ambush in the mountains are as fast as lightning.
Potential, launched a comprehensive counterattack against Kunlun Pass.
The cannon roared, the earth shook, and the Kunlun Pass was swallowed up by fire and smoke.
Shouting the slogan of revenge, China's army rushed to the enemy position like a flood.
Qiu Qingquan's mechanized chariot troops suddenly appeared in front of the enemy after Kunlun Pass, and captured Wutang and Liutang in one fell swoop.
Area, cut off the Kunlun pass on the defensive retreat.
Du, and other commanders of various counter-offensive forces are directing operations at the front. Du Chang Jun put the telescope on his chest and risked it
The enemy's fierce artillery fire and the dive bombing of enemy planes led the troops to calm down and narrow the encirclement step by step, bite by bite.
Eat Kunlun Pass to defend against the enemy.
The unresponsive Imamura Lieutenant General didn't know the news of China's massive counterattack against Kunlun Pass until February 08 18. He ignored the attack.
The advantages and disadvantages of both sides, immediately decided to counterattack panic in the China army. Let 2 1 United rush to reinforce Kunlun Pass first.
65438+February 18.
At five o'clock in the afternoon, 2 1 wing set off from Nanning, arrived in Tang Jiu at eight o'clock, and was immediately ambushed in Qiu Qingquan on both sides of the road.
The tank cut off the back road. Tank fire destroyed all bridges from Liutang to Tang Qi. The entire flank is controlled by the China army.
Surrounded by division, it was completely isolated and completely annihilated.
Qiu Qingquan commanded the chariot troops to attack the besieged enemy, and the tank convoy rushed out of the Woods and rushed at the enemy on the central highway.
Hit and shoot. The enemy fled and rushed to the mountains on both sides.
More than 200 enemy bodies and various vehicles were left on the road, leaving countless light and heavy weapons.
On the same day, China's East and West armies also launched a counterattack near Nanning.
65438+February 20th.
Lieutenant General Imamura ordered Nakamura detachment to set out from Nanning to reinforce Kunlun Pass. Team just arrived in Wutang area, and was taken away by Qiu Qingquan.
Surrounded by a 25-kilometer-long narrow ravine, the Ministry was desperate.
The village feels that the situation is not good, and it is urgent that the main force of Hechuan detachment, which is advancing to Longzhou and Zhennanguan, should return to Kunlun Pass.
65438+February 2 1, early morning.
Ito Brigade of Sichuan detachment, 105 trucks, rushed back to Nanning for rescue. However, when powerful
When our truck brigade drove to the west of Nanning, it was ambushed by the superior China army, and the convoy was trapped. Enemy country of Iraq
The rattan brigade failed to break through many times.
65438+February 22nd.
China's air force frequently dispatched planes for several days to bombard the enemy troops on the defensive in Kunlun Pass and the besieged enemy troops from Liutang to Tang Jiu.
Blow.
The Japanese army is on the verge of running out of ammunition and food. From that day on, enemy planes dropped ammunition and food on Japanese troops around the besieged city. But,
Most of the "flying objects" in the sky were robbed by China's army, and the Japanese plane became the transport brigade of China's counter-offensive forces.
That night, due to the close combat between the two sides, many places were in a state of melee, and the China army made mistakes with each other north of Tang Jiu.
During the war, both sides bombed with grenades all night.
65438+February 23rd.
At about eleven o'clock in the morning, Major General Nakamura, the division commander, held aloft his combat knives and howled and commanded his troops to break through. A flowering bullet shot from him.
Through his left cheek, he tore off a large piece of face and suddenly blood gushed. After emergency dressing, this person can no longer
The "General of the Iron Legion" who answered once again waved a combat knife and commanded the remnants to break through to death.
65438+February 24th.
The main force of Nakamura detachment made a desperate dash from Tang Qi to Kunlun Pass. At eight o'clock in the morning, Nakamura was in charge of the war in the west and was attacked by Qiu.
Qingquan troops fired machine guns at close range and were killed immediately.
The main force of the Nakamura detachment was completely annihilated.
When China's army was cleaning the battlefield, it found a diary on the body of the brigade commander Masao Nakamura, which was written on the eve of his sacrifice.
It reads: The 2nd1Brigade of the 5th Division of the Imperial Army won the title of "Iron Corps" in the Russo-Japanese War because my tenacity defeated the tenacity of the Russians. However, in Kunlun Pass, I should admit that I met an army stronger than the Russian army. ...
65438+February 28th to 30th.
China's army launched a continuous attack on Kunlun Pass, and the fighting was extremely fierce. There are bodies of Chinese and Japanese troops everywhere.
The enemies in Kunlun Pass ran out of ammunition and food, so they had to dig wild vegetables to eat ears to satisfy their hunger. One by one unkempt, hungry and cold to work.
Dying.
When the shells were used up, they smashed or buried the guns, burned the military flag, and cut them into bamboo guns and knives to work with the China army.
Finally fighting.
65438+February 3 1.
On the last day of 1939, China's army wiped out the enemy troops on the defensive in Kunlun Pass at great cost and recaptured Kunlun Pass.
Lieutenant General Imamura reported to the high command: "In this area (referring to Kunlun Pass), Jiang Jun is braver than anyone, which is worthwhile.
Our army salutes. "
1940 65438+1early October.
General Ando Ji, 2 1 Japanese army, decided to make a surprise attack on China's army at Kunlun Pass in order to recapture Kunlun.
Close. So the soldiers were transferred from Guangdong to the west.
In the middle of 5438+ 10, the Japanese base camp ordered two flights from the kwantung army to support the 2 1 army to raid Nanning.
Team, deployed in South China.
1On October 22nd, 65438 guard mixed brigade and 18 division assembled in Tang Qi and Nanningnan respectively.
At this point, Bai Chongxi, Chen Cheng, Zhang Fakui and others have drawn up the defense plan of Kunlun Pass.
However, the Japanese army in China has not yet been deployed, and the follow-up troops are also moving into Kunlun Pass, when they suddenly launched a counterattack.
Attack. The Japanese fleet has been dispatched continuously to carry out surprise bombing on the defenders of Kunlun Pass and its nearby China, and it is also on the way to Kunlun Pass.
China's army stopped it.
Because the follow-up troops of the Chinese army did not arrive in time, the Kunlun garrison rushed to fight, and the weak points on the left and right wings quickly exploded.
Show yourself to the enemy. Within a week, the Japanese main force continuously captured Wuming and Si Long, west of Kunlun Pass, like a strong wind sweeping away leaves. north
Positive Binyang, Zou Wei, Shanglin and other places cut off the back road of Kunlun Pass, and confronted the defenders of Qingshuihe River basin, which shocked them.
The whole rear of Guizhou and Guangxi.
At this time, the troops in Liuzhou and Genshan were empty. If the enemy crosses the river and advances northward, it will be difficult for China's army without a large force to cope.
Resist. Liuzhou is in a panic, and people are more ready to flee. Any rear troops that can be used, even those that are still in training.
The students are all ready to go to the front to resist the enemy.
February 3(rd)
Kunlun Pass fell. The defenders of China suffered a heavy blow.
Chen Cheng, Bai Chongxi and others immediately changed their troop deployment, strengthened their wings and attacked the enemy's rear. Occupy the left side with one force
Point, in an attempt to stop the enemy from going north; With the main force in the direction of VIP road, we tried to cut off the rear traffic line of the enemy advancing northward.
However, the Japanese army's action was aimed at a surprise counterattack and vowed to avenge the annihilation of the "steel army." They acted suddenly.
After the blitzkrieg, the China army in Kunlun Pass was hit hard. Before the China army launched a large-scale counterattack, February 10,
Suddenly turned to the south. In addition to the 5 th Division and other departments still staying in Nanning and the main strongholds nearby, the main force boarded the ship safely in Qinzhou Bay.
Let's go
This is a beautiful long-distance raid.
The battle of southern Guangxi ended in the defeat of China's army.
Lieutenant General Du Yu Ming, commander of the Fifth Army, commemorates the fallen soldiers of the Anti-Japanese War at the majestic Kunlun Pass.
Far from mourning and calling, the last drop of blood was shed for the independence and freedom of the Chinese nation, and 27 thousand people were buried in Kunlun Pass.
4 1 the soul of a soldier. In this battle, 4000 enemies were killed and 4000 wounded. China's army killed 27,000 people, with unknown injuries).
Bai Chongxi was demoted after the war.
Attachment: (The Battle of South Guangxi-Kunlun Pass as the main battlefield, and the punishment of the generals who later participated in the war)
On February 22nd, at the Liuzhou military conference, Chiang Kai-shek was very angry. He reduced the salary of Commander-in-Chief Bai Chongxi and Central Warfare Officer Chen and resigned, and removed eight generals, including Commander-in-Chief Xu of the 38th Army, for investigation.
Attachment: On February 26th, 2 1, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Liuzhou and stayed in Yang Jiao. That is, there is a traitor's tip. That evening, Japanese planes bombed Chiang Kai-shek's official residence in Yang Jiao. On the 22nd, Jiang presided over a review meeting. At the end of the meeting on 25th, Jiang announced:
Bai Chongxi, the director of Guilin battalion, was poorly supervised and was reduced from a first-class general to a second-class general;
Chen Cheng, the political minister, was badly guided and was reduced from a first-class general to a second-class general;
Ye Zhao, commander-in-chief of the 37th Army, was detained and handed over to a military court for joint trial.
Xu, commander-in-chief of the 38 th Army, was dismissed for investigation;
Yao Chun, the commander of the 36 th Army, was dismissed for investigation;
Kelvin Chen, the commander of the 66 th Army, was dismissed for investigation;
Fu, commander of the 99th Army, was dismissed for investigation;
Su Guo, chief of staff of the 36th Army, was dismissed for investigation;
Li Jingyi, the 49th division commander, was dismissed for investigation;
160 division commander Song Shitai was dismissed for investigation;
Zheng, the commander of the ninth division, has been killed and exempted from investigation. The designation of teachers has been cancelled, and there are no famous teachers.
Su Zuxin, 135 division commander, dismissed and retained;
135 Wu zongjun, head of the 405th regiment of the division, was detained and handed over to a military court for joint trial;
Deng Longguang, commander-in-chief of the 35 th Army, recorded merit once;
He Jiong, the commander of the 46 th Army, recorded merit once;
Wang Lingyun, the division commander of the 76th Division, recorded merit once. (According to Cheng Siyuan's "Political Memories" and other materials. )
In addition, Jiang also announced the cancellation of, Xu, Cai Tingkai's position; Guilin battalion no longer commands all troops, but is under the command of the fourth theater according to the battle sequence; The Fourth Theater Command was moved from Shaoguan to Liuzhou.
On the 26th, Zhang Fakui, commander of the Fourth Theater, announced: "There is no need to counterattack Nanning at present." The whole battle of southern Guangxi ended here.