Anti-Qin uprising
In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), the imperial court dispatched a large number of soldiers to defend Yuyang (now southwest of Miyun, Beijing), and Chen Sheng was also among the recruits and was appointed as the head of the regiment. [5]? He and 900 other poor farmers, escorted by two Qin officials, went to Yuyang day and night.
Dazexiang Uprising
When traveling to osawa Township, Qixian County (now Xisipo Township, Suzhou, Anhui Province), the road was blocked by floods due to continuous heavy rain. Seeing that the deadline to reach Yuyang is coming, everyone is anxious like ants on hot bricks, and I don't know what to do. Because according to Qin Liangfa, any soldier who is called to guard the border and fails to arrive at the designated place on time will be beheaded. [6]?
At the critical moment of life and death, Chen Sheng resolutely decided to plan an uprising. That evening, Chen Sheng quietly discussed with another chariot leader Guangwu. Guangwu, a native of Yang Xia, was also born in poverty. Although they have known each other for a short time, they are already friends who talk about everything. Chen Sheng said to Guangwu, "In our present situation, we will die if we go there, and we will die if we escape and get caught. Instead of all dying, we might as well choose to die for a country and do something great? [7]? "Chen Sheng then analyzed the current situation:" Everyone in the world has been ruled by the Qin Dynasty for a long time, and the common people's exorbitant taxes and levies on the Qin Dynasty have reached an unbearable level. It is said that Hu Hai, the second emperor, was the youngest son of Qin Shihuang. It was his eldest son, Fu Su, who should not have succeeded to the throne. Fu Su was sent out because of repeated persuasion [8]? , but was killed by II for no reason. There is also a famous soldier named Xiang Yan, who used to be a famous soldier of Chu. He made outstanding achievements in military service, cared for soldiers and won the hearts of the people. Now people don't know whether these two people are alive or dead. Why not call on the whole world to rise up against the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty in their name? [9]? "Guangwu admired Chen Sheng's courage, felt that his ideas were in line with the people's hearts at that time, and fully supported Chen Sheng's decision to" subjugate the country "and" seek great things ".
Ancient popular religious superstition activities predicted good or bad luck. After some planning, Bobby Chen and Guangwu specially found a fortune teller. [ 10]? The soothsayers knew their intentions and said, "Your career can be successful, and you can make great contributions to the people. But you should ask ghosts and gods about this. " Chen Sheng and Guangwu were very happy after hearing this. From their words, they realized the truth of "scaring the masses by ghosts and gods". [ 1 1]? So, they wrote "wàng" on the silk handkerchief with vermilion and stuffed it into the belly of the fish caught by fishermen. When the soldiers bought fish to eat, they were surprised to find the "Dan Shu" in the belly of the fish. [ 12]? At the same time, Chen Sheng asked Guangwu to lurk in an abandoned temple near the camp, lit a bonfire at the temple in the middle of the night, pretended to be a jack-o'-lantern, imitated the fox's voice and shouted "Great Chu Xing, Chen"! The sleeping soldier was awakened and very scared. The next day, the soldiers were whispering, and they all pointed the finger at Bobby Chen. In addition, Chen Sheng usually treats his subordinates warmly and kindly, and associates the image of Chen Sheng with the revival of Chu, so he praises Chen Shengbing for his higher prestige. [ 13]?
Seeing that the time was basically ripe, Guangwu took advantage of the drunkenness of the two officers escorting the foot soldiers and deliberately threatened to escape, so as to anger the commander escorting them to the border. The two drunken commanders were really angry, scolding and flogging Guangwu, causing dissatisfaction among the soldiers, and they began to coax them. Guangwu rose up and killed Wei Peijian, a famous soldier. Chen Sheng also took advantage of the situation to kill another famous soldier. [ 14]?
Later, Chen Sheng called 900 soldiers together and said loudly, "We were caught in heavy rain here, so we couldn't reach Yuyang on schedule. If we miss the deadline, everyone will be beheaded. Even if you are lucky enough not to be beheaded, the frontier guards will die. Besides, if a hero dies, he will achieve great fame when he dies! Will princes have natural noble species? [ 15]? "Bobby Chen's forceful words spoke out everyone's heart. The soldiers were full of resentment and anger towards the Qin dynasty, like a flood that burst its banks, shouting in unison: "We are willing to obey your orders! [ 16]? "So everyone under the guidance of Chen Sheng and, according to the plan in advance, exposed his right arm as a symbol, built an altar and vowed to announce the uprising in the name of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, the sons of the king of Chu. [ 17]? Chen Sheng established himself as a general and took Guangwu as his surname. He captured osawa Township in one fell swoop, and then quickly captured Qixian County. [ 18]? In this way, the first large-scale peasant uprising war broke out in the history of China.
Establish political power
Chen Sheng and Guangwu's feat of "strategizing" has received positive response from the people who suffered from Qin nearby, and they have joined the uprising team by "chopping wood into soldiers and raising the banner". Under the leadership of Chen Sheng He, less than a month after the capture of Qixian County, Keluo County (now Suixi County, Anhui Province), Suixian County (now Yongcheng West), Kuxian County (now Luyi County), Zhecheng County (now Zhecheng County) and Qiaoxian County (now Anhui Province) [19]?
Bobby Chen is a farmer leader with strategic consciousness. After controlling a large area of the border between Anhui and Henan, he decided to attack the strategic location of Chen County. Chen County was the capital of Chen State in the two weeks and the Spring and Autumn Period. At the end of the Warring States period, it was once the capital of Chu. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Six Kingdoms, Chen County was designated as a county, which shows the importance of its status. If we can win Chen county, it will undoubtedly be a major blow to Qin. So, Chen Sheng led the insurgents disguised as Chen Cheng. At this time, the insurgents had six or seven hundred chariots, more than a thousand cavalry and tens of thousands of people. Abatti Giresse Concorde's county magistrate and county magistrate were frightened and fled early, leaving only Chengjun (acting as county magistrate) to retreat to the city and fight back. Qin Jun, a frightened bird guarding the city.
Chen Guang Uprising
Under the strong offensive of the rebel army, it soon fell apart. The insurgents killed and marched into Chen County. [20]?
After Chen Sheng captured Chen County, he called local people (officials in charge of local education) and heroes (famous people) to discuss business plans. [2 1]? Although these people did not come from the peasant class, they all witnessed and experienced the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty. In particular, they saw that Chen Sheng led the insurgents to count several counties in just one month, and they had great respect for Chen Sheng. They suggested that Chen Sheng should be king. They said, "General, you went into battle in disguise, with a weapon in your hand, to crusade against the cruel and heartless State of Qin and restore the State of Chu. You deserve credit for being king. [22]? "But there are a few different opinions: to think that Bobby Chen is the king alone will make people feel that Bobby Chen is selfish and unwilling to follow suit. Chen Sheng thought twice and finally decided to be king. He took Chen County as the capital, "Zhang Chu" as the title, and "Zhang Chu" as the title (meaning Zhang Chu, with Zhang Chu as the slogan), and established the first peasant revolutionary regime in China history. [23]? Although Chen Sheng's banner is "Zhang Chu", it is not to restore the homeland of Chu, but to overthrow the Qin Dynasty and save the world's poor. This is the practice of his thought of "ambitious ambition" and "what kind of vassal would rather have", and it is also his strategic consideration of unifying the command of the rebel army. Later, the practice of the peasant revolution strongly proved the necessity of Chen Sheng's decision to be king and establish the country.
The establishment of Zhang Chu regime promoted the climax of the national anti-Qin struggle, and the banner of "Zhang Chu" flew high, becoming the symbol of the peasant uprising center, showing great appeal. In the name of the "Zhang Chu" army, riots were launched all over the country, and local officials were punished and killed in response to Chen Sheng's call. [24]? The fire of peasant uprising turned into a prairie fire. Driven by the torrent of peasant revolution, some aristocratic remnants also incorporated the old army and rose up against Qin. At that time, famous anti-Qin leaders around the country were Liu Bang, Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu, Ying Bu, Peng Yue and others.
In the face of the rising anti-Qin struggle, with the assistance of Chen Shengshen and other members of the peasant regime, the overall strategy of "focusing on the western expedition and neglecting the land" was further determined, and finally the rule of the Qin Dynasty was overthrown. He appointed Guangwu as the false king (deputy king), led the main force of the rebel army to attack Xingyang in the west, and took Hangu Pass to Xianyang and Qin Dou. [25]? At the same time, "ordered Luo Song to stay in Nanyang and enter Wuguan",
Bobby Chen's cartoon image
Then make a detour to solve the problem. [26]? Later, Chen Wu, Deng Zong, Zhou Shi and Zhao Ping served as generals and crossed the Yellow River to attack the former Zhao area (now northwest Shanxi and southwest Hebei) [27]? , south to capture Jiujiang county, in-depth Huainan area; Attack Guangling (now the northern part of Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and the old land of Wei, and capture the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south of the Yellow River (now Kaifeng). [28]? [29]? For a time, the fire of the anti-Qin struggle burned all over the country. Insurgents from all walks of life fought bravely and were invincible, and the peasant revolution reached its climax.