At that time, the Luding Bridge, which was more than 0/00 meters long, had been demolished by the enemy for about 80 meters, and the bridge deck of Luding Bridge was tightly blocked by intensive fire composed of machine guns and artillery. At noon, the Red Fourth Regiment held a cadre meeting in Shaba Catholic Church to mobilize the fight, and organized 23 commandos to seize the bridge, led by company commander Liao Dazhu and instructor Wang Haiyun. At four o'clock in the afternoon, 23 soldiers hung submachine guns, saddled with sabres, wrapped around a dozen grenades, braved the bullets, climbed the naked chain and rushed to the East Bridge. Three soldiers led by Wang Youcai followed closely behind, carrying guns, holding boards in one hand and chains in the other, laying the bridge deck while advancing. When the soldiers climbed to the middle of the bridge, the enemy set fire to the east bridge head in an attempt to stop the Red Army from attacking the bridge with fire. Faced with this sudden flame, the soldiers shouted: "Comrades, this is the last moment of victory. Summon up your courage and rush over! Don't be afraid of fire, go! The enemy has collapsed, go! " Liao Dazhu jumped up and set foot on the bridge deck and rushed to the east bridge. The soldiers also rushed up, pulled out their sabres and started hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. At this time, political commissar Yang Chengwu led a team across the East Bridge, repelled the enemy's counterattack, occupied Luding City, and quickly put out the bridge fire. The whole battle took only two hours, and then the Luding Bridge was captured in a thrilling way, crushing Chiang Kai-shek's dream of turning the Red Army into a second Shi Dakai with the help of the natural barrier of Dadu River. Therefore, Luding Bridge became an important milestone in the long March of China's * * * production party, which laid a solid foundation for the realization of the historic Red Army, the Second Army and the Fourth Army to join forces and finally ended the Long March in northern Shaanxi. With the magnificent praise of "13 iron chains splitting the road between * * * and the country", the top ten founding marshals of new China were named, among which seven marshals passed through Luding Bridge in the Long March. At that time, on the Luding Bridge after the fierce battle, Marshal Liu Bocheng stamped his feet heavily on the bridge deck and said with emotion, "Luding Bridge, Luding Bridge, how much energy and hard work we have paid for you, and now we have won, we have won!" ! The poem written by Commander-in-Chief Zhu De with the inscription "The Yangtze River still remembers the danger of Lu Guan" in the memory of the Long March fully illustrates the dangers and heroism of the Red Army's long March to capture Luding Bridge.
On May 25th, 1935, the Central Red Army troops successfully crossed the Dadu River in Anshunchang, Sichuan, and went north along the left bank of the Dadu River. The main force went north from Anshunchang along the right bank of Dadu River. Twenty-two commandos, including Liao Dazhu, the second company commander of the Red Fourth Regiment, seized the bridge along the chain covered with bullets and fire walls and besieged Luding City with the troops on the left bank. The main force of the Central Red Army then crossed the natural barrier from Luding Bridge, crushing Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to annihilate the south of the Red Army Dadu River.
Compared with the miracle created by the Red Army's forced March, the 22 warriors flying over Luding Bridge is a miracle among miracles. The story of 22 warriors flying over Luding Bridge has long been known. However, of these 22 warriors, only 5 are known by later generations, and most of them, we don't even know their names.
The name of 17 Warrior who forced the Dadu River is known to future generations because of the record in 186 issue of Warrior Newspaper. However, the names of the 22 warriors who flew away from Luding Bridge were not so lucky to be recorded.
As the same unit of the Red Army Corps, why did the Soldiers' Newspaper published by the Political Department of the Red Army Corps only publish the names of 17 soldiers and not the names of 22 soldiers? This is a mystery in people's minds for a long time. Lao Wang Man Yongmian gave a guess: at present, only 184, published on May 26th, 935, and 186, published on June 3rd, 935, can be found in the Warrior's Newspaper related to the Red Army's Dadu River Campaign, and their originals are kept in the China Military Museum. The battle to cross the Dadu River started on May 25th, and the battle to capture Luding Bridge started on May 27th. The main content of WarriorNo. 184 is to introduce the battle that Anshunchang forced the Dadu River the day before, but by WarriorNo. 186, the content has already introduced all the battles of Dadu River, with the title of "Summary of Victory along the Dadu River". In this way, we can naturally think that there must be the 185 issue of "Warrior", and the content of this newspaper is almost certainly about the battle of flying over Luding Bridge. Then, can we reasonably guess that the list of 22 warriors who flew to Luding Bridge was published in the 185 issue of Warriors Daily? 17 warriors' list published in issue 186 is a supplement to what 184 warriors should have published?
This is just a guess. Of course, there is another possibility, that is, because of the limitation of newspaper space, they have no time to publish the names of the 22 warriors. The No.1 185 issue of Warrior has disappeared, which has brought too many question marks to the study of the history of the Red Army.
How were the 22 warriors chosen?
In fact, it is not entirely clear whether there are 265,438+0,22 or even 23 warriors flying over the Luding Bridge. For example, the issue of Warrior Daily 186 reads "Erlian 2 1 Heroes climb the chain first and cross the river in a blaze". Now, according to the famous reminiscence article "Flying over Luding Bridge" published by General Yang Chengwu, then the political commissar of the Red Fourth Regiment, the number of warriors flying over Luding Bridge is set at 22.
1986, Wang Yongmian, appointed by Luding County, rushed to Beijing to visit General Luo Huasheng, secretary of the Party branch of the Red Fourth Regiment and deputy commander of the Railway Corps Command after the founding of New China. General Luo told Wang Yongmian that he personally went to Erlian to select 22 warriors of that year. At that time, his selection criteria were: all cadres, including company commanders, instructors, party branch secretaries and platoon leaders, should be selected first. Those who used to be war heroes, such as those who remained neutral in the battle of crossing the river, should also be singled out. Pick out those who are brave in peacetime. The selected people must be party member, a member of the Youth League, or at least an activist to join the Party and the League. The task of the commando team was robbed by Liao Dazhu, the second company commander, who served as the captain of the commando team.
During the period of 1985, Luding County is preparing for the 50th anniversary celebration of "Flying over Luding Bridge". Appointed by the county, Wang Yongmian went to Beijing to invite General Yang Chengwu to attend the celebration. He once asked General Yang for clues about these 22 warriors. General Yang told Wang Yongmian that the war was very tense. After the Luding Bridge was built, the troops continued to fight, and the names of 22 warriors were not written down in time. Later, in the Long March, most of their comrades died one after another. General Yang Chengwu was very excited when he said this. He called again and again-my 22 warriors, where are you, where are you? As he spoke, tears welled up in his eyes. ...
According to Yang Chengwu, Luo Huasheng and other old generals, among the 22 warriors who flew to Luding Bridge, four names can be remembered. They are Liao Dazhu, company political instructor Wang Haiyun, company branch secretary Li Youlin and company branch secretary Li Jinshan.
During the follow-up visit after liberation, the comrades in Luding County also found the whereabouts of the fifth soldier, that is, the vice squad leader Liu Zihua.
How was the whereabouts of the fifth soldier found?
In the "Red Army Flying over Luding Bridge Memorial Hall" next to Luding Bridge, 22 square pillars represent the 22 warriors who flew over Luding Bridge that year. Most of them are wordless monuments, and only five pillars are engraved with names. Of these five pillars, only one is engraved with a head, and the warrior represented by this pillar is Liu Zihua.
Among the 22 warriors, the only warrior who left his whereabouts and photos was Liu Zihua, and Liu Zihua's head was made according to his own photos. There was a tortuous and difficult search for Liu Zihua's whereabouts and photos, and our interviewee Wang Yongmian personally participated in this process.
Wang Yongmian clearly remembers in his diary that in June,19741kloc-0/9, Dani, then deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Culture, proposed at a meeting that it was really unreasonable that the situation and whereabouts of 22 warriors captured by the Red Army in Luding Bridge had been unclear for so many years since the founding of New China. Comrades in Luding county should make efforts to do some investigations. Dany is an actress who once played her father in the film da ji and Her Father. Perhaps it has something to do with Dani's speech, and perhaps there are other driving forces. A three-member Red Army Long March Cultural Relics Investigation Team was established in Ganzi Prefecture 1975 where Luding County is located, with Wang Yongmian as the team leader.
1975 During the five months from May to September, the investigation team traveled from Sichuan to Beijing, Tianjin, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi, and almost traveled to more than half of China to collect the related cultural relics of the Red Army's Long March, among which investigating the whereabouts of 22 warriors was an important task they always remembered.
1In August, 975, the investigation team came to Nanchang, Jiangxi. When visiting Jiangxi Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Hall, in a large exhibition hall, they saw many photos hanging on it, all of which were Jiangxi martyrs who participated in the revolutionary war in various historical periods. Here are their short lives.
Wang Yongmian watched carefully one by one, and suddenly his eyes lit up and he was ecstatic. He found a photo named Liu Zihua, and his biography said, "Comrade Liu Zihua is one of the heroes who crossed the Dadu River and flew over the Luding Bridge."
Wang Yongmian quickly called the comrades who went with him. A comrade reminded him: "Did you see it clearly? What is written in front is crossing the Dadu River. " Since General Yang Dezhi wrote "Forcing the Dadu River" and General Yang Chengwu wrote "Flying over the Luding Bridge", these two words have almost become special phrases, specifically referring to the battles that took place in Anshun Field and Luding Bridge respectively.
But after all, this is a major discovery. They immediately went to the management comrades of the memorial hall, but the other party told them that what the memorial hall knew was limited to the contents of the exhibition, but they told Wang Yongmian that the source of these materials was the Langfang Military Division of Hebei Province.
1976 65438+1On October 26th, Luding County sent a letter to Langfang Military Division to learn about Comrade Liu Zihua. 197765438+1October 15, Luding County received a reply, affirming that Liu Zihua was the hero who flew over Luding Bridge that year, and explaining that Liu Zihua was the deputy chief of staff of Tianjin Langfang Military Division before his death and died of malignant lymphoma in 195 1 year.
Although the letter from Langfang Military Division is inspiring, it is also very simple and abstract. In order to further understand the facts, in May 1978, Luding County sent two comrades, Zheng Farong and Wen Rongpu, to Langfang Military Division for investigation. At that time, Comrade Liu Zihua's wife was still there, and so was his son. They borrowed Liu Zihua's "military registration form" and diary from the military sub-district and Liu Zihua's home respectively. In Wang Yongmian's hands, he still keeps a "military registration form" of Liu Zihua.
In this transcript, the reporter saw that several of them were written like this:
Liu Zihua. Native place: Kimura, Erxiangzi, Anyuan District, Pingxiang County, Jiangxi Province. 1929 joined the army,1931June joined the * * * Youth League,1933 joined the party in August. The introducer is Xiaohua. Number of operations: countless. Number of injured: 9. Disability level: second class. In what kind of reward column, it shows that it is one of the seventeen or eighteen warriors who crossed the Wujiang River and the Dadu River in the Long March. In the column of what kind of punishment, it shows that 1936 lost 18 Hero Medal and was warned once by the party. The key is that the resume column is clearly written.1Since February 1935, he has been appointed as the vice squad leader in the Fourth Regiment of the Second Division of the Red Army Corps. And this is the company responsible for flying Luding Bridge!
Why do warriors only have 18 medals?
Here's another question. The flying capture of Luding Bridge is 22 warriors. Why did Liu Zihua write 18 warrior on the military registration form and lose the 18 hero medal? Wang Yongmian told us that according to General Yang Chengwu's recollection, after the battle of flying over Luding Bridge, 22 warriors were found to have sacrificed three or four comrades in the battle. General Yang couldn't remember whether it was three or four. If four comrades are sacrificed, then the rest is just 18 warrior! We can imagine that under the special circumstances of the Long March, the reward for sacrificing comrades-in-arms can neither be recorded in the file nor sent home, and perhaps only medals will be awarded to the surviving comrades-in-arms, so the medal will only be the 18 hero medal.
After returning to Beijing, the reporter found circumstantial evidence in the book Long March-An Unprecedented Story written by American journalist Harrison Salisbury. In the book, he said: "In this desperate attack, 18 of 22 people survived and were not injured."
Today, it is difficult for us to find the complete whereabouts of the Red Army soldiers on the Dadu River, but their spirit has deeply infected and influenced countless descendants, including those lovely and respectable interviewees in front of us. /view/ 120260.htm
The story of flying over Luding Bridge /b5 126/d27490002.htm