Although there are many reasons for neonatal jaundice, there are three common neonatal jaundice: biological jaundice, breast-feeding jaundice and neonatal hemolysis. Physiological jaundice refers to temporary jaundice caused by imperfect bilirubin metabolism, and breast-fed full-term newborns are prone to breast-milk jaundice. Hemolytic disease of newborn refers to a kind of hemolytic disease caused by the incompatibility of maternal and infant blood types, and the mother's blood group antibody enters the fetus through the placenta, causing the destruction of fetal and neonatal red blood cells.
The first two kinds of jaundice will not affect the health of Xiaobei nose, but hemolytic disease of newborn needs treatment. Therefore, when there is jaundice in Xiaobei nose, parents can make a preliminary judgment according to the time, degree and development speed of jaundice. Don't worry too much about physiological jaundice; If the degree of jaundice is serious and the development speed is fast, it may be pathological jaundice, and it should be sent to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time.
Symptoms of neonatal jaundice If life must go through the eighty-one difficulty, then neonatal jaundice is the first difficulty for most babies. So, what are the symptoms of neonatal jaundice? From what performance can hemp judge north nasal jaundice? Let's take a look!
1, physiological jaundice is light yellow, confined to the face and neck, or spread to the trunk, and the sclera can also turn yellow, but it will fade after 2 ~ 3 days, and the skin color will return to normal on the 5 ~ 6 days; In severe jaundice, yellow staining can be seen all over the body, vomit and cerebrospinal fluid can also be yellow stained for more than 1 week, and some premature babies can even last for 4 weeks.
2, jaundice light color is light color, heavy color is dark color, but the skin is ruddy, yellow and red.
3, jaundice is more common in the trunk, sclera and proximal limbs, generally not in elbows and knees.
4. Physiological jaundice in premature infants is more common than that in full-term infants, which usually appears after 1 ~ 2 days. Jaundice is severe and subsides later, which can be extended to 2 ~ 4 weeks.
Causes of neonatal jaundice What is the cause of neonatal jaundice? Many impatient children's mothers are very confused. Don't panic, mom. Com Encyclopedia will reveal the answer for you right away! Dear novice parents, move the stool quickly to increase your knowledge!
First, physiological jaundice
Physiological jaundice is a unique phenomenon in the neonatal period, and the reasons are as follows: the life span of neonatal red blood cells is short, only 70-90 days, but the more red blood cells are destroyed, the more bilirubin is produced, and the immature liver function of newborns limits the metabolism of bilirubin, which is the chief culprit of physiological jaundice, so newborns will have jaundice for a period of time.
Second, breast milk jaundice
Breast milk jaundice is a special type of pathological jaundice, which is caused by breast milk. Its etiology is related to a hormone called 3-2 pregnanediol contained in mother's milk. This hormone can inhibit the activity of bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase in liver, hinder the timely treatment of bilirubin, and greatly increase the total bilirubin in blood. In addition, the newborn baby's liver function is not perfect, the enzyme synthesis function is limited, and bilirubin can not be effectively combined, transported and excreted, which makes jaundice appear in the skin and sclera of the whole body.
Third, hemolytic jaundice.
Hemolytic jaundice is caused by blood group incompatibility between mother and fetus. The most common cause is ABO hemolysis (mother's blood type is O, fetal blood type is A or B), which causes severe jaundice. Others, such as maternal blood type A and fetal blood type B or AB; It is rare that the mother's blood type is B and the fetal blood type is A or AB, which causes mild jaundice.
Fourth, infectious jaundice.
Infectious jaundice occurs because of virus infection or bacterial infection, which damages the function of liver cells. Viral infections are mostly intrauterine infections, with cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B virus being the most common, while other infections such as rubella virus, EB virus and toxoplasmosis are rare.
How to treat neonatal jaundice: the difference between physiology and pathology? Generally speaking, physiological jaundice can resolve itself without special treatment. Pathological jaundice is caused by disease and needs to be sent to hospital for diagnosis and treatment. So, how to treat pathological jaundice? Let's have a look!
1, phototherapy: It is a simple and effective method to reduce serum unconjugated bilirubin. Let the newborn lie in the phototherapy box, protect his eyes with a black eye patch to avoid damaging the retina, cover the perineum and * * * with diapers, and the rest are * * *. Irradiate with single-sided light or double-sided light for 2-48 hours (generally no more than 4 days), and stop treatment when bilirubin drops below 7 mg/dl.
2, exchange blood therapy: exchange blood can effectively reduce bilirubin, exchange sensitized red blood cells, alleviate anemia. However, blood exchange requires certain conditions and can also produce some adverse reactions, so it should be used with caution.
3. Drug therapy: Liver enzyme inducer (such as phenobarbital) is used to induce hepatocyte microsomes to improve their vitality and convert unbound bilirubin into bound bilirubin.
How to prevent neonatal jaundice For Babe, the prevention and treatment of any disease is better than the treatment after illness. After all, the baby is still young, and the use of any medicine is not conducive to the healthy growth of the body in the future. So, how to prevent neonatal jaundice? Let's have a look!
1. Damp-heat invasion of pregnant women easily involves the fetus, leading to jaundice after birth. Therefore, during pregnancy, pregnant women should pay attention to moderate diet, but eat cold food, but not too hungry, and avoid drinking and spicy products to prevent damage to the spleen and stomach.
2. If a woman has given birth to a baby with fetal jaundice, she should take preventive measures when she is pregnant again and take Chinese medicine on time.
3. After the baby is born, it is necessary to closely observe the scleral jaundice, find that jaundice should be treated as soon as possible, observe the color change of jaundice, and understand the advance and retreat of jaundice.
4. Pay attention to the general symptoms of Huang Baobao, such as listlessness, lethargy, difficulty in sucking milk, anxiety, squinting, stiff limbs or convulsions, so as to find and deal with severely ill children as soon as possible.
5, pay attention to protect the baby's skin, keep the baby's navel and buttocks clean, to prevent damage and infection.