Tangshan is famous for its rare earthquake on July 28th, 1976. Some people think that this city has disappeared from the earth. It is precisely because of ten years of reconstruction, ten years of revitalization and ten years of rapid development that a new Tangshan has amazed the world. After 30 years of construction, New Tangshan has become a very unique earthquake-resistant city in the world.
The city's seismic fortification height, the level of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction is the first in the country, forming an earthquake-resistant residential culture. This culture contains the power to enhance people's self-confidence and inspire miracles. This unique culture has eliminated Tangshan people's fear of earthquakes, and Tangshan people live and work in this cultural atmosphere. Tangshan earthquake-resistant residential culture needs to be confirmed and protected.
Tangshan people are very sensitive to whether the houses can resist earthquakes after the earthquake. During the earthquake, there were more than 1 10 people in the building where I lived, and only more than 20 people survived. After I fell from the third floor, my mouth, nostrils, eyes and ears were covered with sand and ash. Although it was built less than a year ago, the building structure was not earthquake-resistant, and it was like a loose sand in the 7.8 earthquake.
More than 240,000 people died or suffocated due to the collapse of houses in the city, and more than 0.6 million people were seriously injured/kloc-0. All survivors, who climbed out of collapsed houses or were stripped out, are called "unearthed cultural relics". So after the earthquake, people lived in simple houses of bricks and linoleum for 4-5 years and refused to move into new earthquake-resistant buildings, which really frightened the earthquake.
Tangshan was an undefended city before the earthquake. China residential earthquake experts said: "Tangshan in the construction before the earthquake, the consideration of building earthquake is too thoughtless. The national seismological department has previously set the building seismic standard of Tangshan as 6-degree intensity resistance. Obviously, for strong earthquakes with intensity of 9 degrees, even 10 degrees and 1 1 degrees, such a house is just like paper. " The earthquake brought a great disaster to Tangshan and a profound lesson to mankind.
The earthquake 30 years ago almost flattened Tangshan. However, at the later cleaning-up site, it was found that there was almost no loss in Tangshan No.1 flour mill at that time. Later, the investigation found that the factory used foreign design drawings when building houses, which met the requirements of seismic fortification of eight degrees.
At that time, people often observed around the site of Tangshan reconstruction to see for themselves how the house was built, how the building was built, and whether it was strong or not. The construction scene at that time was spectacular. 654.38+10,000 construction troops from more than 50 aid construction units across the country gathered in Tangshan, all of whom were elite soldiers. Quality first is not just a slogan, but a sincere commitment to Tangshan earthquake survivors.
The first batch of residential buildings rebuilt in ten years is the first of its kind in earthquake resistance, which mainly adopts the structural types of "internal pouring and external hanging", "internal pouring and external masonry" and "brick-concrete plus structural columns". "Internal pouring and external hanging", also known as "one mold and three boards", the internal wall is poured with large formwork and the wall is equipped with steel mesh; Precast concrete composite wallboard is hung on the external wall, with structural columns and ring beams.
"Internal pouring and external masonry", also known as "one mold and two boards", is the same as "internal pouring and external construction". The external wall is made of brick, reinforced concrete structural columns and ring beams are added, and the "beard reinforcement" thrown from the floor is connected with the wall reinforcement and poured into a whole with concrete. "Brick-concrete plus constructional column", reinforced concrete cast-in-place constructional column is added in the brick wall, and each floor is designed with closed concrete ring beam, which is integrated with the constructional column.
Most of the completed buildings are rated as high-quality projects, such as copper pouring and iron casting. After reading it, the ordinary people commented: "This house will definitely not fall down if it catches up with a major earthquake, that is, it will catch up with this earthquake that is bigger than Tangshan. Even if the house is skewed, it will never die. " The matchbox architecture that Tangshan people are familiar with is uniform and special in that special era.
By the anniversary of the Tangshan earthquake 10, 100, more than one such residential area appeared on the ruins. I personally witnessed the construction of Kailuan Tangshan Mining Fair, which is completely steel beams and iron columns, called "iron forest", as dense as the "Bird's Nest" built by Beijing for the Olympic Games, and the roof of this club is alive, supported by many big and round steel balls and placed on the track.
It is said that it is specially designed to prevent earthquakes, because it can accommodate more than 1000 people. I'm afraid that in case of an earthquake, no matter how you shake it, it will not collapse. When it is shaken to the head and exceeds the designed inclination, the roof can slide to one side as a whole, absolutely ensuring the safety of people's lives. Of course, this is just an intuitive understanding of Tangshan people. It is precisely because people see that the newly-built houses are really strong and can resist earthquakes that all earthquake survivors feel reassured.
In fact, the national fortification standard for dangerous houses in Tangshan is 8 degrees. Since the post-earthquake reconstruction, all the houses in Tangshan have been designed according to the seismic octave, which can resist the strong earthquake equivalent to magnitude 7. In the load-bearing structure, it can guarantee nothing for at least 50 years. Even so, Tangshan people are hesitant when they look at the erected buildings. Nobody wants to be the first person to live in the new building.
City leaders of Tangshan Earthquake Relief Headquarters took the lead in moving into a residential building, and then began to mobilize and relocate. Since then, people's courage has only increased a little. The first person who lives in a building said that he lives in a simple room. "It's okay, don't be afraid, move quickly, or live in a new building comfortably."
In this way, they influence each other, and it is normal to work upside down. It was distributed according to population at that time. In principle, it is to live separately, give the house to the tenants, and put in a good word to urge you to move. Where is it like now, a house with a square meter of 4,000 yuan is still rushing to buy. Times are changing, and people's ideas are also changing.
By the end of 1986, Tangshan had built 5,972 3-8-storey houses, some of which were bungalows with good seismic performance, with a construction area of 12 1800 square meters, with an average per capita of 9.3 square meters. 1990, 1 1 year1October, the United Nations awarded Tangshan the "Habitat Honor Award", which is the first time that a domestic city has won this honor.
The first batch of houses and public buildings rebuilt in Tangshan in the past ten years are miracles on earth and "solidified music" that touched the world. It is full of human wisdom to overcome natural disasters and has the unique light of Tangshan earthquake-resistant residential culture. Although the houses are all four or five stories high, they look a bit like the height of ancient Paris urban buildings. Although not as elegant as Paris, it has the characteristics of simplicity and generosity.
It is said that some people in Paris want to tear down some lower buildings and build skyscrapers, but after building only one building in the old city, they immediately feel obviously out of harmony with the whole city. Since then, they no longer have this plan, but chose a new site in the suburbs to build the most modern new city. Today, we should pay attention to the first batch of buildings in Tangshan after reconstruction, further improve it, make it more perfect, and better display the earthquake-resistant residential culture here.