A. Field and players: American football field is often dubbed as barbecue grill, because the pattern of marking lines on the field makes the field look like a shelf that can help food bake on the fire. The competition was held on a field with a length of 120 yards (1 10 meters) and a width of 53 1/3 yards (49 meters). The longer boundary is called the edge and the shorter boundary is called the bottom line. The marking line next to the bottom line is called the score line, and the distance between the score lines is 100 yards. The area with a width of 10 yards between the bottom line and the score line is called the touchdown zone. Mark a code line (code line? ), every 10 yards, the number is marked with 50 yards at most, or the midfield area. There are two marking lines in the middle of the court, parallel to the two lines, called hash lines? )。 Any player must serve on or off the court. Erect two doorposts at the bottom of the touch area, with an interval of 18.5 yards. The doorposts are connected by cross bars, and the height of the cross bars from the ground is 10 yards. In order to shoot successfully, the ball must cross the crossbar and pass between two goalposts. In the competition, both sides sent 1 1 players to play. But during the game, some or all players on the field can be replaced at any time. In this way, each player has an exclusive task, and all 53 players in the team will be sent to play in each game. Therefore, the team divides players into three attributes, namely offensive players, defensive players and special players.
B. Competition time: A standard competition consists of four quarters, each of which is 65,438+05 minutes (65,438+02 minutes for middle school competition), including the intermission between the second and third quarters. In some cases, the timing of the game will be suspended, so the game time will often exceed the prescribed time by more than three hours. If after four quarters, the points are divided equally by both sides, and the game is extended by 15 minutes, the rule that the first scorer wins will be adopted. If no one scores, the game will be a draw. Overtime rules of college games are more complicated and different.
C. attack method:
Attack formation:
The attacking way of American football is similar to that of six-a-side football. The side with the ball (the attacker) has four offensive opportunities to advance ten yards (the touchdown zone of the defender), and each opportunity is called a fall. When the attacker successfully advances ten yards four times, he can get four chances to continue attacking. If the attacker can't move ten yards forward in four chances, he must give the ball to the other side. Except kick-off, kick-off at half-time and kick-off after scoring, every attack should start in the same way: the offensive and defensive players are arranged on both sides of the kick-off line, facing each other. One of the attacking players, the center, passes the ball back between his legs to his teammates, usually the quarterback who catches the ball.
There are two ways for the attacker to move forward:
Running forward with the ball is called rushing.
Throwing the ball to a teammate is called passing. Passing the ball forward is the characteristic of American football. The attacker can only pass the ball forward once every attack opportunity and must pass the ball forward after the kick-off line. Horizontal and reverse transmission is not limited by this. Unlike other football, American football rarely crosses or returns. Every attack opportunity ends in the following circumstances (called a dead ball).
The Football Association will whistle to inform:
The player holding the ball is pushed to the ground, or the ball card thinks that its progress is blocked by the opposing player.
The forward ball goes out of bounds or touches the ground before anyone receives it, which is called unsuccessful passing;
Put the ball back on the original service line and start again at the next opportunity.
The player with the ball is out of bounds.
One of the teams scored.
Players and spectators usually need to know how many attacks they have and how many yards they have left before they can get four chances. For example, before an attack, TV or scoreboard will write: 1st, 10, which is the first chance, ten yards short. If an attack moves forward three yards, it will become: No.2 and No.7, which is the second time, seven yards short.
D difference between offense and defense: the attacker can hold the ball all the time until:
The attacking team didn't get four new chances. In other words, the attacker failed to advance ten yards in four chances. The defender can start to fight back at the end of the last attack. This simple ball is called a mistake.
An offensive touchdown or score. The attacking team then kicked off.
The attacker kicks the ball by throwing it down and kicking it away with his big foot before landing. Usually, if the attacker fails to move the top ten yards in the first three chances and the distance is not close enough to shoot; In order to avoid giving the opponent a chance to start attacking there after the change of attack and defense, he will clear the gap with his kick at the fourth chance.
A player on the defensive side receives a pass from the attacker, which is called interception. A defender who intercepts an opponent's pass can immediately move to the opponent's baseline until he is pushed down, out of bounds or scored.
The attacker threw the ball to the ground and then conceded the ball, but the defender got the ball first. Just like interception, the defender can fight back immediately after getting the ball dropped by the opponent until it is pushed down, out of bounds or scored. The ball dropped and intercepted by the attacker is collectively called a mistake.
The attacker failed in his attempt to shoot. Defenders can start attacking from the last tee (in the NFL, where they shoot). If the shooting place is within the first 20 yards of the baseline, the defender starts from the 20-yard line.
The attacker is pushed down, out of bounds, or fouled on his own baseline. This is called a safety ball. Safety balls are rare.
E. Scoring: The scoring methods of both sides are as follows:
Grounding (TD)
Get six points. Touchdown score means that the player runs into the touchdown zone of the opponent with the ball or receives the pass in the touchdown zone of the opponent.
After the touchdown, the scoring team got a change. The ball will be placed on the opponent's three-yard line (NFL is a two-yard line). The scoring team can choose to shoot the ball into the goalpost, plus 1 point; Or run, pass, etc. , another touchdown, plus 2 points. In college and professional competitions, most of them score points by shooting. The success rate of professional competition score 1 is 94%, and that of universities is 93.8%. The success rate of adding 2 points is only about 43%. If the defender successfully stops adding 2 points, grabs the ball and immediately reaches the position, he can score 2 points (not applicable to NFL).
FieldGoal，FG)
Get three points. The method is to kick the ball over the crossbar and between the two goalposts. When shooting, the ball must land first, usually a player is responsible for pressing the ball to the ground. Usually, when the attacker is close to the baseline but it is difficult to reach the goal, he will choose to shoot rather than kick the clearance ball at the fourth attack opportunity, or choose to score when time is tight and he can't score in other ways.
Safety ball (safety)
Score two points. This is a defensive player scoring. When the attacker is forced to retreat to his touchdown zone, and then pushed down or fell, the defender scores 2 points. Some attackers will also be awarded a safe ball if they foul in their own touchdown zone.
F kick-off and free kick: each half starts with kick-off. Kick when a team scores a touchdown or a goal. In professional leagues and college leagues, when playing football, put it on the tee of your 30-yard and 35-yard lines and kick it out. The opponent's catcher tried to catch the ball and pushed it forward as far as possible until it was intercepted. Then the attack team started a series of attacks from where he was intercepted. If the receiver doesn't want to push the ball, he can also wave his hand before catching the ball and choose to catch the ball safely.
G. Fouls and common fouls: When a foul occurs, the offending party will be punished. Most penalties are to return the ball to the touchdown area of the offending party for a certain number of yards, and some fouls by the defending party will give the attacking party four new offensive opportunities. If the number of yards sent back by the defender is enough for the attacker, the attacker will automatically get four new attacks. When there is a foul in the game, the referee will throw a small yellow flag near the foul place. After the game is stopped, the party without foul has the right to choose to accept the penalty or the result at that time. For example, when the attacker successfully advances 8 yards in the first attack opportunity, and the defender moves offside or ahead of time, then the attacker can choose to accept the penalty, that is, advance 5 yards and make the first attack again (still need 5 yards); Or choose to accept the result, that is, carry out the second attack (2 yards further).
Common fouls:
:: Attackers act in advance;
Except for one player who moves parallel to the service line, all the attacking players move in front of the service table. Step back five yards.
Offside:
The players crossed the ball at the kick-off. Step back five yards. Similar fouls include: touching the opposing team before kick-off; Enter the neutral zone.
Stop:
A player unfairly blocks the opponent's chance to tackle or catch the ball by pulling the jersey, hook or tackle. If the attacker fouls or the attack and defense are changing, back off 10 yards; If the defender fouls and retreats 5 yards, the opponent will automatically get 4 new attack opportunities.
Overtaking interference:
When passing the ball, the defender pushes, hooks, pulls or knocks down the attacker who has a chance to receive the pass; Or the catcher will deal with the defender in the same way to avoid being intercepted by the other side. If the defender fouls, the attacker gets four new attack opportunities at the foul place; If the attacker fouls, stand back five yards. If a player commits a similar foul before passing the ball, he will be sentenced to blocking or illegal contact.