The enemy has assembled more than a thousand troops on the west bank of Huitong Bridge in an attempt to invade Baoshan. More than 300 people have arrived at the east bank of Nujiang River. The 36th Division quickly blocked the enemy crossing the river and wiped out all the enemies crossing the river, so that the enemy on the west bank could not cross eastward. The enemy invaded the river twice, and both were bravely repelled by our army. The enemy who occupied Tengchong (Tengchong was occupied by the enemy) tried to cross the river eastward many times, but they were all stopped by the defenders of Nujiang River and eventually failed. The situation in Yunnan is relatively stable.
From May 1942, the 2nd and 36th divisions of our army entered Tengbei to fight against the enemy at any time. 1After May, 943, the 36th Division attacked the north and south of Tengchong on the west bank of Nujiang River, took advantage of it, repeatedly defeated the strong enemy, and made many gains, which dealt a heavy blow to the enemy.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/944, our western Yunnan Expeditionary Force cooperated with the Indian troops stationed in northern Myanmar to attack. Commander Wei ordered the 20th Army (Commander-in-Chief Huo Yizhang) to be the right wing and led the 53rd Army, 54th Army, 2nd Reserve Division and 36th Division to Tengchong. With 1 1 Army (Commander-in-Chief Song Xilian) as the left wing, he led the 2nd, 6th, 8th, 7th1Army and the new 28th Division to Longling. On May 1 1, right-wing troops stormed the Nujiang River and captured all the important passes of Gaoligong Mountain. They fought for nine days. The attacking troops fought for more than ten days in bad weather and steep terrain, and the Japanese army built a base according to the dangerous situation, forcing the enemy to flee and defend Tengchong. The enemy used Tengchong to reinforce the city walls, build forts and defend the city. Our right-wing troops began to besiege on August 2, and after more than 40 days of hard fighting by our army, on September 14, more than 2,000 recalcitrant troops were annihilated and the whole city was recovered.
Counterattack western Yunnan 1 1 army, cross the Nujiang River in June 1944, and advance to Longling. On June 10, Ramon, Zhen 'an and Longling counties were successively conquered. Later, Tengchong and mangshi rallied more troops to fight back, but the enemy Songshan had not been captured, the rear road was cut off, and the supply was not continued. In mid-June, the left-wing army abandoned Longling County and fought against the enemy in Songshan, Xiangda and Pingjia. On September 7, Songshan was restored, and a military force was transferred from Tengchong to join Longling. 1Longling resumed on October 3rd 165438. After the westward attack,1blocked 165438+ mangshi on October 20th, and blocked 65438+ 1 on February 20th. 1945 65438+1October 20th, Kowancho,1October 27th, the expeditionary force and the troops stationed in India who attacked northern Myanmar joined forces at Mangyou near Wancho. At this point, the occupied areas in western Yunnan have all been recovered. After eight months of hard fighting, the counter-offensive in western Yunnan recovered Tengchong, Longling, Songshan, mangshi, Shefang and Wan Ding, and opened the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway and India's international transportation channel from northern Myanmar to China, enabling a large number of trucks to carry a large amount of materials from allies and transport them into the mainland through the China-India Highway around the clock. At the same time, India installed pipelines along highways and imported a lot of gasoline into China. Therefore, the counterattack in western Yunnan is a great victory. Songshan is located on the west bank of Nujiang River, about 22 kilometers east of Huitong Bridge and 39 kilometers west of Longling, which is the throat from Huitong Bridge to Longling. It is also an important stronghold on the Yunnan-Myanmar highway.
Songshan includes Yinshan, Gunlongpo, Dayakou and Changlinggang. Around 25 kilometers, the mountains are undulating, and the peak is at a higher altitude, located at 25 degrees south latitude and 99 degrees west longitude. The old ambition said, "The mountain is sandwiched, the land is dangerous, and the road is narrow, so horses can't parallel." The Yunnan-Myanmar Highway crosses Huitong Bridge to the west, next to the village, bypasses Songshan Mountain, passes through the long and narrow rolling hills-Gunlongpo and Dayakou, less than 30 to 50 meters wide, and enters Longling to the west. The enemy occupied Songshan Mountain, completely cut off the roads in western Yunnan and took control of Ramon Dadu near Huitong Bridge in Nujiang River. Songshan Mountain has a dangerous terrain, high mountains and dense forests, and towering trees are shaded. Big trees are used as covering materials for fortifications, and small trees are used as obstacles. From Huitong Bridge to Ramon Street, the road is narrow and rugged. It is indeed a strategic location on the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway.
Songshan is located in the plateau, with a cold and changeable climate. Our army counterattacked western Yunnan during the summer rainy season. It's sunny and rainy, and the number of days changes. It's mountains and clouds all day, and suddenly it's stormy, so it's hard to walk and expect. The trenches are often full of water at the ankles, crawling around and sweating when attacking. In such a bad climate, storming the enemy's fortress caused heavy casualties of our army. On May 4th, 1942, the enemy occupied Longling, and on May 5th, they stormed the west bank of Huitong Bridge in Nujiang River in an attempt to invade Baoshan. In an unsuccessful attempt, they were forced to retreat to Songshan Mountain, build strong fortifications, reserve a large amount of grain and ammunition, prepare to station troops for a long time, cut off our foreign aid, and obstruct our counterattack.
The enemy who occupied Songshan was the elite 56th Division 1 13 United Wing of the Japanese army advancing southward. It is a reinforced wing with less than 3,000 people, equipped with chariots, mountain guns, engineers, hospitals and even military prostitutes, forming a powerful force that can fight independently. The enemy, with the traditional bushido spirit and stubborn belief in the survival of the position, once said crazily: "China's army can't attack Songshan without sacrificing 100 thousand people." .
1. Formation of enemy lines: The whole Songshan position, with Songshan peak as the main position. Gunlongpo and Dayakou form independent and solid strongholds, which are horns with each other. The strong fortress group it built is systematically scattered in the dense forests and hills in the north and south of Songshan Mountain. There are seven natural caves on the mountain. At the foot of Changlinggang, the village was used to build several forts and shelters as command centers. Generally speaking, the whole Songshan position is composed of four strong strongholds that fight independently. -Songshan Peak (called Purple Highland), Gunlongpo, Dayakou and Changlinggang. According to the terrain, each stronghold will build one or two main castles at the commanding heights, and several auxiliary castles will be built on both sides. The hidden fortress is built in front of the position and connected (partially covered) by a traffic trench.
2. Construction of fortifications: The enemy fortifications are characterized by deep underground, firm concealment, and are not easy to be discovered and destroyed. The large and small forts are covered fortifications. The covering material is a trunk with a diameter of 20-30 cm, and the accumulated soil is more than one meter. There are clever camouflage on the surface of the fortifications, which are not easy to find on the ground and above. Therefore, plane bombs and light and heavy artillery shells are not easy to be damaged, and there is a bunker behind the main fort to store ammunition, food and other military supplies. There is a foxhole in the traffic trench.
3. Firenet compilation: the main battery has heavy machine guns, the auxiliary battery and the side battery have light machine guns, the traffic trench has rifles, rifle grenades and Grenade launchers, and there are mortars behind the main battery. Use submachine guns and grenades at close range. Use all kinds of direct and bending weapons to weave a dense fire net in front of the position. It is difficult to get close to this fortress.
4. Obstacles and ancillary facilities: There are barbed wire 1 ~ 3 and Abatis 1 ~ 2 in front of the position, and mines and traps are laid. Water pipes and lighting equipment are connected to this location.
Defend the enemy of Songshan in trenches, make use of the terrain, plan the position well, and build strong fortifications with tall wood. Make each stronghold have independent combat capability. Its strength is equivalent to the permanent fortifications of reinforced concrete. The Eighth Army is responsible for the Songshan attack. The military command post is located in Yinshan Mountain. He Shaozhou, the commander of the army, and the deputy commander led 103 division, 82nd division, 1 division, a regiment (accommodating 3 regiments), a transport regiment, a mountain artillery battalion and an engineering battalion. The field hospital is located in Ramon Street. There is a heavy howitzer battalion on the east bank of Nujiang River to assist in the attack. 103 Xiong Shouchun, the division commander, and Guo Huicang, the deputy division commander, have three regiments, namely, 307th Regiment, 308th Regiment and 309th Regiment, and Wang Boxun, the division commander of 82nd Division, and Wang Jingyuan, the deputy division commander. Zhao fabi, head of Rong 3 regiment. Rong 1 division main force crossed the Nujiang River from Panzhihua and attacked Longling in a roundabout way.
From June of 1 year, the enemy of Songshan was attacked by our army for several months, bombed by planes and bombarded by heavy artillery. Many enemy guns and two chariots were destroyed, leaving only two guns. Under the suppression of our artillery fire, we rarely fired, and the rear road was cut off by our army's attack on Longling. We fought for the trapped animals.
Because the enemy built fortifications in Songshan, not a series of defense lines, but many fortresses formed several independent operational positions, and the enemy stubbornly defended. Therefore, we must wipe out the enemy one by one before we can recover a stronghold. Therefore, attacking Songshan must overcome all difficulties and make great sacrifices.
1, attack Longpo
103 Division crossed the Nujiang River from Huitong Bridge and attacked Gunlongpo and Dayakou in Songshan. With the 307th regiment (headed by Cheng Peng) as the pioneer, it crossed the river from Huitong Bridge on 24th and is scheduled to attack Gunlongpo at dawn on 25th. When the 307th regiment crossed Huitong Bridge, the bridge was not completely repaired, and the iron cable deck was only covered with a thin layer. When the troops passed by, they shook and could only move slowly. I started to climb the mountain at night. The mountain was high and narrow, which coincided with the heavy rain. The mountain road is rugged and muddy, and it is slippery at night. It's hard to get up. People climb step by step and fall down. It's hard to describe from time to time. From the river to Ramon Street, it is only 65,438+00 kilometers. After a night of climbing, when the troops arrived in Ramon, it was near dawn. They marched all night and the soldiers were exhausted. At dawn, heavy artillery on the east bank of the Nujiang River began to bombard the enemy positions in Gunlongpo. The first battalion of our regiment did not avoid difficulties and obstacles and quickly entered the attack launch line. When our artillery fire extended, we launched an attack on Gunlongpo. After a fierce battle of 1 hour, the enemy outpost was successfully captured, and then it advanced to the enemy front position in Gunlongpo (west side of the road). Blocked by enemy artillery fire and light and heavy machine gun fire, the enemy's front position on the west side of the road was seized.
① Reconnaissance and attack preparation of the enemy stronghold in Gunlongpo: From 27th, a company was dispersed to attack the enemy stronghold in Gunlongpo during the day, so that the emplacement of the enemy fortress was completely exposed and the arrangement of obstacles was found. On 28th, the 1st and 2nd Battalions attacked Gunlongpo Fortress. Due to the influence of the climate, heavy showers and fog made it difficult to advance the attack, and many hidden forts fired by the enemy were not found, which led to the first attack of the 307th regiment on Gunlongpo, and the casualties and setbacks increased.
In order to understand the enemy lines, a reconnaissance team was sent to touch the back of Longpo at night, search the inside of the enemy lines, and look for bunkers, water pipes and lighting equipment.
According to the reconnaissance results, a sand table is set at the regiment command post to simulate the enemy's array equipment. Summon the battalion commander cadres of the whole regiment, sum up the experience and lessons of the last attack, and study the attack plan for Gunlongpo.
② The first attack on Gunlongpo: This attack started at dawn. After the light and heavy artillery fire extended, 1 Battalion and Battalion 2 launched an attack. One by one, our brave officers and men rushed forward, crossed the enemy's foreign trenches and crossed the barbed wire to advance to the enemy's main position in Gunlongpo. There was heavy fog and storm, and attack force was blocked in front of the enemy's front, so there were heavy casualties. At that time, it was not easy to attack those enemies who were tenaciously defended with strong fortifications, but it was determined to fight for every inch of land, attack there, occupy there, dig holes on the spot and work in the trenches at night. It is 60 to 70 meters away from the enemy's fortress, and the distance is more than 100 meters. In close combat, the enemy fired with light and heavy machine guns and grenades. On one occasion, I rushed into the enemy's trench and hand-to-hand combat with the enemy, throwing grenades at each other. In this attack, I killed two company commanders, four platoon leaders and 150 soldiers.
At this time, Gunlongpo is very close to the enemy, so we can only use melee weapons. In order to avoid the mistakes of our artillery and avoid unnecessary casualties, our artillery can't support it. Heavy artillery only bombarded Songshanzi Highland and Dayakou. I once bombed the enemy's fortress with explosives, but the enemy's firepower was too strong to get close. My heroic explosive gunner died in front of the shooting hole of the enemy fortress, and my body was violently sacrificed in countless bullets, which was exciting. It's really earth-shattering and frightening.
(3) The second stage attack of Gunlongpo: In the first stage attack of Gunlongpo, although we did not completely conquer Gunlongpo, we achieved certain results, and the southwest highland of Gunlongpo Highway was occupied by me. Light and heavy machine gun bunkers are formed, and all foxholes are connected by traffic trenches to form simple field positions. The enemy's artillery was destroyed and it was impossible to fire. Two chariots were also damaged and parked on the expressway. The trees on the ground were burned by shelling and razed to the ground. The only enemy fortress is strong and indestructible, which is the biggest problem in attacking Songshan.
A new weapon-flame radiator was used in the second stage attack of Gunlongpo. Make great progress in the attack. The flame radiator is a new effective weapon provided by the allied forces to destroy the fortress. The mixed solution of chemicals and gasoline is compressed and packed in a thin steel cylinder, which is carried by the shooter on his shoulder, connected with the spray gun with a hose and turned on the button of the spray gun. After the solution was ejected from the gun barrel, it burned itself into a fire dragon and was injected into the enemy fortress. After the flame entered the fortress, the objects in the fortress burned, the ammunition exploded, the personnel suffocated and died, and the reinforcements could not be used immediately. In this way, the enemy's fortresses were destroyed one by one, and the enemy soldiers who stuck to them were wiped out in batches. But for the first time, because the shooter was not skilled in operation, he couldn't shoot accurately, or the flame couldn't enter the enemy fort. Sometimes, because the enemy's firepower was fierce, the shooter died before entering the launching position. The flamethrower didn't work as expected. So I am responsible for training the centralized flame radiator; The whole flamethrower group was organized into eight combat groups, each consisting of two foremen and four light machine guns. I trained in the village behind the regimental command post for a week, and repeatedly practiced the essentials of using the flame radiator, launching operation, movement method, fire coordination and so on. After I mastered the operation, I was assigned to the second stage of attack force's attack on the enemy fortress.
Battalion 1, 3 and 2 launched an attack. In this attack, the infantry and artillery cooperated closely, the heavy and light machine guns suppressed the enemy's firepower in time, and the flame radiator played a role and broke through the enemy's fortress one after another. When the continuous attack was about to capture the enemy's main position in Gunlongpo, unexpectedly, the Dayakou attack was defeated, and the enemy stubbornly resisted the counterattack, but it was defeated and fell short. In this week-long attack, Chen, deputy head of the 307th regiment, was seriously injured. Two company commanders were killed, five platoon leaders were killed and more than 200 soldiers were killed or injured.
(4) The third stage attack of Gunlongpo: At this time, the enemy of Songshan was violently attacked by me, and Longling was besieged by the main force of our left-wing army. Songshan was cut off from the enemy's rear road and only supplied by airdrop. Sometimes an airdrop falls on our position, and it becomes a spent force and a turtle in a jar.
On July 25, an all-round general attack was launched, with 307 regiments attacking Longpo, 308 regiments attacking the unknown highland, 309 regiments attacking Dayakou and 82 divisions attacking Songshanzi Highland (the top of Songshan Mountain). Attack at the same time day and night, step by step, a fortress was destroyed, a Japanese invaders were annihilated, and Gunlongpo continued to be captured, destroying the remaining enemies. Conquering Longpo is like cutting the head of Songshan Mountain, and the enemy is like a frightened bird.
2. The attack on Dayakou:
103 The main force of the division attacked the enemy of Dayakou with the 309th Regiment and the 3rd Regiment while attacking Gunlongpo. Dayakou is located at the waist of Songshan Mountain, controlled by Songshanzi Highland on the left and Gunlongpo as the angle on the right. When attacking Dayakou, it was pinned down by fire from Songshanzi Highland and attacked by Gunlongpo. Rong's 309th and 3rd regiments hit Dayakou with great difficulties and heavy casualties. They attacked twice and made no progress. July 15, cooperate with the attack on Gunlongpo, and attack the fortress of Dayakou at the same time. Due to the enemy's defeat in the counter-offensive, the head of the regiment, Zhao Fabi, and the battalion commander, Chen Tingting, were injured, and the officers and men below the platoon leader suffered heavy casualties. We had to stick to our established positions and fight the enemy trenches. After wallowing in Longpo, the 307th and 308th regiments advanced along the ridge to Dayakou, the 309th and 3rd regiments attacked head-on, and the 82nd Division attacked from the right as a regiment. After a week of fierce fighting, Dayakou was captured and most of the enemies were annihilated.
3. The attack on Songshanzi Highland (the peak of Songshan Mountain):
The second highland is Songshan's fortifications for controlling troops: two mother fortresses, several child fortresses, three deep trench barriers and barbed wire, and a communication trench leading directly to the headquarters position. This stronghold is equipped with light and heavy mortars, rocket launchers, rifle grenades and light and heavy machine guns, forming a dense battle array. The mountain is steep and difficult to climb. In the past month, the 82nd Division has attacked the sub-highlands, but it has been unable to get close to the enemy lines and made progress. Attacking the sub-highlands is as difficult as climbing Mount Motian.
Since the attack on Songshan Mountain, the enemy fortress in Purple Highland has never been destroyed by our plane bombing and heavy artillery bombardment, which shows the firmness of the fortress. At this time, I counterattacked the two main forces in western Yunnan and fought fiercely with the enemy between Longling and Tengchong. Because Songshan was not captured, the highway in western Yunnan could not be opened, which affected the general counterattack against Japan. Wei, commander of the expeditionary force, gave an urgent order to Chiang Kai-shek and ordered the Eighth Army to recover Songshan within a time limit. If the restrictions are violated, the responsibility of the army, division and head of the regiment shall be investigated for delaying the military aircraft. At this critical juncture, He Shaozhou, commander of the army, called the deputy commander, chief of staff Liang Xiaozhai, Rong 1 division commander, 82nd division commander Wang Boxun, 103 division commander, Guo Huicang and other generals to discuss the plan of attacking the next highland overnight. It was decided that Wang Jingyuan, deputy commander of the 82nd Division, was appointed as the attack commander, commanding the 246th regiment of the 82nd Division (the head of the regiment has been appointed). On August 3rd, the engineering battalion started tunnel operation, and dug two tunnels about 30 meters vertically below the Japanese fort at the top of Songshan Mountain, forming two explosion chambers filled with 2 trucks (about 3 tons) of TNT explosives. August 19, finish your homework. On the morning of the 20th, the commander gave the order, and with a bang, smoke rose and soared into the sky. The entire top of Songshanzi Highland was blown over, and all the Japanese defenders were wiped out. I attacked it all, besieged it and occupied the top of Songshan Mountain. This method of attacking positions is rare.
4. Attacks and sweeps on the fortress group of Songshan's last stronghold:
The enemy entrenched in Songshan consists of three strongholds, Songshanfeng, Gunlongpo and Dayakou, and a group of fortresses covering an area of 500 square meters around Changlinggang. Using seven small villages and caves, the terrain is dangerous and the attack is very difficult. After recovering Longpo, Dayakou and Songshanding, our army went all out to conquer the enemy fort after three days of fighting, regardless of the fatigue and heavy sacrifices in the two months. By 4: 00 a.m. on September 8, our army had destroyed the last strong fortifications in Songshan enemy line, and all the remaining enemies in Songshan were wiped out. The enemy chief committed suicide by caesarean section, and only dozens of Japanese aggressors fled everywhere and were captured or killed by our people respectively. Finally, more than 20 handyman workers and 10 military prostitutes were arrested in the shelter. A large number of trophies include a car in good condition, a cannon, heavy and light machine guns, rifles, ammunition and other military supplies, woolen coats, leather shoes, compressed biscuits and various cans.
In the final mopping-up battle, the recalcitrant enemy fought hand-to-hand with our officers and men, desperately fighting, and the bodies were everywhere. Chen Shuming, the political deputy head of our third regiment, was killed by thunder. More than 3800 people were killed and the wounded were equal in the battle of recovering Songshan by the Eighth Army. This battle has fully demonstrated the national integrity of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which is epic and will go down in history forever. Songshan fell, Tengchong was recovered, Longling was recovered again, and then mangshi, Shefang and Wan Ding were quickly recovered. Finally, Mangyou near Wan Ding joined forces with the troops stationed in India who attacked northern Myanmar. After the victory of the Battle of West Yunnan, the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway was opened and the China-India Highway was connected. A large number of allied materials were continuously transported to the mainland. At the same time, India laid pipelines along the highway to solve the fuel problem and strengthen the overall anti-Japanese counterattack mobility. We believe that the victory of the campaign in western Yunnan has a great influence on the cause of anti-Japanese. Getting through the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway is also one of the factors for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to win the final victory, and restoring Songshan Mountain is a crucial battle in the campaign of western Yunnan.
The whole counter-offensive in western Yunnan, after half a year, wiped out the Japanese aggressors and achieved brilliant results, which was the result of the heroic sacrifice of all my soldiers, wyndell dichinson. After the victory of the counterattack in western Yunnan, Yunnan soldiers and civilians once erected a monument for the soldiers killed in the battle of western Yunnan in Tong Yuan Park, Kunming, saying, "Island bandits poisoned western Yunnan and made it sick. Who has no blood, forbear to abandon the edge. Huan Huan soldiers are reckless of danger. Ten soups and ten decisions, willing to die. Loyalty has a good reputation and is a monument to fame. I am righteous, show me. "