Win more with less, and win stronger with weakness.
1In the second half of 952, the Korean War entered a stalemate. In such a grim situation, Peng pointed to Qin Jiwei, commander of the North Korean Map Pair 15 Army, and said, "Wusheng Mountain is the gateway to the middle line of North Korea. If we lose the five mountains, we will retreat 200 kilometers. You must remember that whoever loses the Five Holy Mountains will be responsible for the history of North Korea. " At that time, the fact was that the United Nations troops successively captured the "wyndell dichinson Ridge" and the "Sade Ridge". Although they lost thousands of people, there is no doubt that they have achieved their strategic goals. Their next goal is the Five Mountains, which the US calls the "Triangle Mountain". American general Van Frith expects to achieve his goal in five days at the cost of 200 people. To this end, he used a huge United Nations force of more than 70,000 people.
The volunteers made great mistakes in judging the enemy's situation. We concentrated almost all the artillery and most of the troops of the 15 Army in the West Valley, while only one company was left in the direction of Wusheng Mountain. Qin Jiwei himself admitted that he was not the main force of the 45th Division, only 10,000 people. At the foot of Vu Thang Mountain, the enemy concentrated six or seven times the superior forces, not to mention the advantages of artillery, planes and materials.
19521October 14 At 3: 30 in the morning, the fighting started.
Van Frith plans to capture two hills in front of Vu Thang Mountain-597.9 and 537.7 Beishan Highlands in one day. In the mountains behind these two highlands, there is a small mountain village of more than a dozen families called Shangganling. This campaign is called "Shangganling Campaign" in China and "Triangle Mountain Campaign" in the United States.
More than 320 heavy guns and 27 tanks of the U.S. military poured steel at the two hills with a fire density of 6 rounds per second. For eight hours, the frontier troops failed to get strong artillery support, and more than 550 people were killed or injured every day. All telephone lines leading to the front positions have been cut off.
On this day, the enemy fired more than 300,000 shells and more than 500 aerial bombs at Shangganling, and the altitude of the main peak of Shangganling was cut by two meters, leaving nothing behind.
Even so, it was not until four days later, that is,1October 18, that the forward troops of the 45th division retreated into the tunnel because of too many casualties, and lost all the surface positions for the first time. The fifteen infantry companies that the division has successively invested in are all disabled, with at most 30 people, and none of them can make up a class.
/kloc-on the evening of 0/9, the 45th Division launched a counterattack.
On the No.9 position on the 597.9 Highland, the US army hollowed out under the boulder at the top of the position and built a bunker, and our army's attack was blocked. This bunker was later shown in the film Shangganling.
/kloc-Long Shichang, a 0/9-year-old Guizhou Miao warrior, rushed up silently with an explosive bucket. The enemy's cannon blocked the shooting, and a shell blew his left leg knee high. Witnesses recalled decades later: "That bunker is just above the entrance of our main tunnel, about forty or fifty meters. The fire is burning on the highland, and it is clear from bottom to top. Watching Long Shichang struggling to climb with his injured leg, he put the explosive barrel in the loophole. He was just about to leave when the explosive barrel was pushed out by the people inside, and there were bursts of smoke. He picked it up and poked it in, but he couldn't push it. Long Shichang resisted the pressure with his chest, and the whole person was blown to pieces. We got nothing. "
At position 0, there are only 16 people left in the sixth company of 135. During the blasting of four auxiliary bunkers, three blasting groups failed to get close to the bunkers, and all casualties were exhausted on the way. Zhang Guangsheng, chief of staff of the battalion, Wan Fulai, company commander of the Sixth Company, Feng Yuqing and Huang Jiguang, company correspondent Wu Sanyang and Deng Liang Jr. were left behind. Everyone knows what happened afterwards, but Huang Jiguang didn't shout out the slogan that excited 450 million people-let the people of the motherland wait for our good news. They blew up three bunkers at the cost of Wu Sanyang's sacrifice and minor injuries. Huang Jiguang was also injured in seven places when he climbed to the last bunker. He got up, propped up his upper body and said something to his comrades. Only the instructor Feng Yuqing realized: "Come on, Huang Jiguang wants to plug the loophole." After the sacrifice, there was no blood in Huang Jiguang's wounds, and there was no blood in front of the bunker-all the blood flowed out on the way.
At that time, most of the witnesses died in the later counterattack, and only Wan Fulai survived seriously. In the hospital, he heard the newspaper say that Huang Jiguang only posthumously awarded the "second-class hero" and wrote a letter to express his feelings. Huang Jiguang's "second-class hero" was revoked by the headquarters of the Volunteers, and he was posthumously awarded the title of "superhero"-only Yang Gensi and Huang Jiguang in our army have won this honor so far.
Defend the main peak to the death
On the morning of 20th, the enemy retaliated again, and the surface position of Shangganling fell again. The 45th Division did not have a complete company, and 2 1 infantry company suffered more than half casualties. The United Nations Army invested 17 battalions, with 7,000 casualties, so that each company was less than 40. American journalist Wilson reported that a company commander called the roll, and only a staff sergeant and a private answered.
The battle entered tunnel warfare. This story is mainly reflected in the film Shangganling. 1 On the evening of October 24th, the security company of Qin Jiwei General Department was added to the tunnel1,and 120 people passed through two fixed artillery blockade lines, leaving only one platoon leader and 25 soldiers in the platoon. The volunteers in the tunnel bought time for the rear. 1On October 30th, we counterattacked again.
We used 133 heavy guns. Nicky, the captain of the 7th Division of the United States, told reporters in horror: "The artillery fire of China's army is like rain, and it happens every second. It's terrible. We have no hiding place at all. " One shell per second, the American army can't stand it, but on 10/4, our soldiers were bombarded with six shells per second.
Five hours later, the volunteers resumed the main peak. The next morning, the United Nations launched more than forty attacks.
In the end, the Thirty-One Regiment, which was fully engaged in fighting, completely lost its fighting capacity and failed to recover until the end of the Korean War. 1 1 month 1 day, the allies fought back again until dawn the next day. Instead, our troops fought back and recovered all the water positions in the 597.9 highland. After the 45 th division was supplemented, all the 10 companies used for counter-offensive were polished. 1 1 month 15, the United Nations army attacked in five ways, and the last company of the 45th Division reinforced it. By 3 pm, the company commander Zhao Heilin was lying on the enemy's body and wrote a note to send it back: I have held the main peak and the enemy can't get up.
On that day, the Americans frankly admitted to the press: "So far, the Allies have been defeated in the Triangle Mountain."
Grab a handful of soil and you can count 32 shrapnel. There are 38 1 bullet holes on a red flag, and more than 100 warheads and shrapnel are embedded in a trunk less than one meter. This 3.8-square-kilometer hill has been soaked with blood.
Miracle on "Shangganling"
Throughout the Battle of Shangganling, there was never a plane in the sky; Our tanks have no record of participating in the war; When our artillery was the largest, it was only a quarter of the enemy's. The US military always fires1900,000 shells and more than 5,000 aerial bombs. We only had more than 400,000 shells, which were used later.
Millions of shells ravaged these two hills, which are only 3.8 square kilometers. These two hills should have been captured on the first day of Van Frith's battle plan, and they proved human courage with their own chess pieces.
After this campaign, we have never encountered an attack above the size of the US military battalion, and the Korean war situation has since stabilized at the 38th parallel. This war laid the northern boundary of South Korea.
On the map of 1 0,000,000 published by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1986, Wushan Mountain with an altitude of 106 1.7 meters was not found, but Shangganling was marked.
It turned out to be the 45th Division of the Second Class Army 15 Army, which was almost completely annihilated in World War I.. But from then on, she swaggered into the ranks of the first-class main force of China People's Liberation Army, because her record was Shangganling.
196 1 in March, the central military commission transferred three main forces from the whole army-the first army, the fifteenth army and the thirty-eighth army-to Liu Yalou, commander of the air force, and selected one of them to be converted into the first airborne army in China.
The general chose 15 army because: "15 army is a force capable of fighting. They played a national prestige in Shangganling. Not only in China, but also the whole world knows that there is a 15 army. "
From then on, Americans regarded China as one of the most powerful countries in the world-the standard of westerners is: to be a powerful country, you must defeat the army of another powerful country.
History can't remember the names of more than 10 thousand soldiers who died in the war. Their bodies have been mixed with Mount Vu Thang on the Korean peninsula.
We don't have enough cannons or even enough anti-tank grenades. At that time, the only hope of the soldiers in the frontier position was to equip more grenades, because this thing was "bombed one by one", and bombing bunkers was much more powerful than grenades. But Huang Jiguang still has only one Grenade in his hand, because we can't make it, and we don't have that much money to import it. Americans can bomb a bicycle with a B-29, but our anti-tank grenades can only be reserved for enemy tanks, so it is a luxury to bomb a bunker with it. American army correspondent Bevan Alexander wrote: "When China's army attacks, it usually relies mainly on light weapons, machine guns and grenades. Mortars are only used when dealing with the most favorable targets. "
This is our lovely soldiers-they don't have any extravagant demands, they will never give up the attack because there is no air support, they will never blame the artillery for lack of firepower, they will never give up their positions as long as they are alive ... They can even lie in ambush all night in the temperature of MINUS 20 degrees Fahrenheit in Changjin Lake; They can stay still in the fire; Every one of them is always ready to pick up the explosive barrel and die with the enemy. ...
In a narrow area of 3.8 square kilometers, more than 300 thousand bullets were dropped a day; 1 10,000 people, fighting more than 70,000 enemies; In the forward position, seriously injured companies are often used against the enemy's full-fledged regiments, with little artillery support and ammunition often not replenished; A bucket of water, a box of ammunition and an apple often cost several lives and may not be delivered. In this case, victory is a miracle. Americans didn't lose to geography. They forgot what Napoleon said more than a hundred years ago: "China is a sleeping lion."