Beethoven (1770- 1827) is considered as a composer with both classical and romantic music styles. The early string quartets belong to the pure classical music tendency, and the creation is treated as pure music. In his later works, romantic music tends to be obvious: the creative attitude of letting music develop freely, putting ideas first, and constantly expanding the means of expression for the sake of means of expression, surpassing the conservatism and rigidity of the classical school. Beethoven's main contributions are concentrated in instrumental works (nine symphonies and thirty-two piano sonatas), and he integrated his best qualities and thoughts into his creation. Thirty-two piano sonatas are called the New Testament in piano field. The central idea of his works is symphony, while sonata, chamber music and symphony, just as they are all dominated by the drama and duality of ancient sonatas, are consistent in style, and lyricism is in a relatively secondary position in his musical language. With the maturity of his works, the structure of his works has expanded in length. In the development part of sonata form, new materials that have not appeared in the performance part are introduced, thus providing a wide modulation range. It makes all parts of the extended part merge together without destroying the reproduction effect of various factors in the reproduced part, so that the necessary modulation change is not only a formal requirement, but also a new theme forms a new static point in the expansion of the original theme, and the pursuit of new goals will continue unabated. Therefore, a more complicated and enlarged ending is often needed. This ending sometimes even gives people the impression of the second unfolding part, which can be transferred without restriction. In Beethoven's piano works, technical convenience and acoustic characteristics have not been ignored, but they will never be allowed to have an improper influence on the structure of the works. Even if you want to be "piano-like", you should adapt to the whole work.

Appreciation: pastoral symphony Op.68 Beethoven's unique title symphony describes the beauty of nature and expresses his feelings about nature. Beethoven said: "As long as you have a little experience in rural life, you can imagine the author's intention without many titles." * * * There are five movements (3-5 movements are played continuously). The first movement: sonata form, The Feeling of Arriving in the Country. The second movement: Sonata style, Riverside Scenery. This chapter is the most famous. There is no obvious contrast between the two themes of Andante and the main and deputy parts, and there is no dramatic development. The genre of pastoral music is used. The theme melody often imitates the horn flute played by the shepherd, mainly woodwind instruments and stringed instruments, avoiding brass instruments, and the rhythm is stable and calm. At the end, there appeared a trio of nightingale (flute), quail (oboe) and cuckoo (clarinet), which was full of poetry and painting. The third movement: "Villagers' Happy Party", a realistic scene of a three-part rural dance. The fourth movement: Storm, free structure. The fifth movement: "Happiness after the storm and Gunn's mood", sonata form, after the storm, calm was restored.

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Beethoven (Ludwig van Beethoven 1770- 1827) is the last and greatest representative of Viennese music school. He was born in Bonn. His father is a high school male singer of the court orchestra, and his mother is a chef. My father discovered his son's musical talent a long time ago. At the age of four, he began to learn piano and violin, hoping to train him to be "the second Mozart". Beethoven dropped out of school at the age of eleven and concentrated on studying music at home. Thirteen-year-old Beethoven was hired as a harpsichord player by Bonn Theatre and officially became a professional musician.

Beethoven has been growing up in the music of Mozart and Haydn, so that when he started writing, his style was similar to that of his predecessors. As a freelance musician in Vienna, his situation is better than Mozart's, but he suffers from personal relations. 1789 French bourgeois revolutionary and progressive thought inspired him greatly, which laid the foundation of his humanistic world view-human equality, pursuit of justice and personal freedom, and hatred of feudal autocracy. He once said: "One year of freedom is much more useful to mankind than a hundred years of absolutism." The slogan of "freedom, equality and fraternity" in the French Revolution deeply touched him, and made him initially determine the most advanced bourgeois outlook on life at that time. He once wrote in his notes: "Freedom! ! ! What can people need more than it? " "I love freedom more than anything else-I won't betray the truth even before the throne!" "In the art world, as in all great creations, free development is the goal." This is the oath of Beethoven's creation. His creation realized these vows, created many immortal chapters, and realized his "through suffering-towards joy; Through struggle-to victory ". This is reflected in his violin concerto, the fourth piano concerto, the fifth piano concerto and other works, especially the ninth symphony, which declares Beethoven's ideal purpose-the unity and friendship of all mankind.

Beethoven is one of the most original composers. His main and most important works are symphonic music, of which nine symphonies are the most important. Beethoven's creative conception is broad, his image is magnificent, his feelings are deep and his contrast is sharp, which makes him pay attention to the adoption and expansion of sonata form. At the same time, due to the rich and diverse images, the sonata form used in each work has its own characteristics. Beethoven's other orchestral works include violin concerto, five piano concertos, two overtures, piano band, chorus fantasia, two violins and orchestra romance.

The choir consists of two Masses (C major and D major), the oratorio Christ in Mount Olive and the Ninth Symphony.

Dramatic works include the opera Federio, the score Egmont, The King of Stevin, The Ruins of Athens and the ballet The Birth of Prometheus.

Chamber music includes septets, piano and wind quintets, string quintets, string quartets, sixteen Grand Fugues, four string trio, flute, violin and China piano serenade, six piano trio, ten clarinets, cello, piano trio, violin sonatas, five cello sonatas and horn sonatas, and thirty-two very important piano sonatas.

The songs include the vocal divertimento "For a Lover Far Away", the female voice and the live band "Ah! Disloyal people and other vocal and piano music. Beethoven is basically classical in music genre, but his later period obviously has romantic factors, so it seems that he should be classified as a romantic genre. Representative works: Symphony No.3, No.5, No.6, No.7, No.9 (Op.55, No.67, No.68, No.92, 125), Overture Egmont (Op.84), Overture Linlai Olin (Op.62), Piano Concerto No.5 "The Emperor" (Op.73).