Popular science essay on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction 1 The earth we live in is mysterious and beautiful, with deep sky, vast ocean and magical land ... In this vibrant nature, we humans have done great harm to the earth. Our real life is not as safe and beautiful as imagined. There are all kinds of crises and disasters, even threatening all life in nature. Anything is possible.
Human beings cut down forests indiscriminately, use energy excessively and kill rare animals, which leads to the scars of Mother Earth. Many disasters claimed precious lives and caused an irreversible situation. Man-made disasters include fires, mudslides, soil erosion and car accidents, while natural disasters include earthquakes and floods. Excessive use of energy will also cause serious environmental pollution and ecological balance problems, such as global warming, but smart humans have come up with many effective ways and created a lot of inexhaustible energy. Such as solar energy, hydro energy, wind energy and other natural energy sources. Solar photovoltaic cells can collect light energy and convert it into electric energy to store many photovoltaic cells for use at night and in bad weather.
Some disasters can be avoided, so animals can predict earthquakes in advance. On the eve of the Tokyo 1923 earthquake in Japan, people saw groups of rats escaping from caves and gathering into an army of rats. In fact, besides mice, many other animals living on the ground and underground have this ability to predict earthquakes. If you find that your livestock suddenly has a bad temper, you should carefully observe and make sure, and then report it to the Seismological Bureau. When an earthquake occurs, the indoor triangular space formed by the collapse of houses is often a relatively safe place for people to live. Especially in the kitchen, bathroom and other places with narrow space in the building, the space is narrow and not easy to collapse, and the triangular space formed by solid furniture such as corners or tables is suitable for refuge in times of distress. In places where there is no table to hide, protect your head with soft objects such as cushions and bedding. Never use the elevator blindly to cause accidental injuries.
At present, earthquake prediction is still a worldwide problem. It is necessary to strengthen the study of earthquake science knowledge, master simple escape and self-help methods, and be calm when encountering disasters such as earthquakes and fires. At the same time, protect the environment, care for Mother Earth, reduce the occurrence of such natural disasters, and make our living Mother Earth more beautiful! Let's take action to prevent disasters and make the earth's tomorrow brighter and brighter!
I didn't encounter an earthquake disaster, but I also felt the earthquake. I remember one day, standing at the entrance of the hall, I saw the charcoal basket hanging baby diapers in the yard suddenly shaking. Just when they were surprised, the old people came out of the room in a panic and said that the doorbell rang just now, which was "shaking the earth."
An earthquake is an earthquake. According to the old man, Pangu opened the heavens and the earth, and those who were clear ascended to heaven, while those who were turbid sank to the ground. But the earth has been sinking, and it doesn't seem to stop, and it has been heading for epic fall. What shall we do? In desperation, Pangu gouged out bones from himself, and these bones became cows, supporting the earth. After a long time, some cows were tired and wanted to turn over, so the earth shook and an earthquake happened.
I asked the teacher, are there really local cows? The teacher guided me and my classmates to learn earthquake knowledge. We understand that there are no cows underground, and the earthquake is not a cow turning over. Earthquakes occur for a reason and are related to geological structures.
The teacher told us that scientists are actively exploring the causes of the earthquake and have achieved convincing results. The teacher asked us to do a little experiment. The teacher takes out a map of the world first, and we will cut the land. Female students are ingenious. They cut out all seven continents of the world just by listening to Chen Wenjing. The teacher asked us to put the seven continents together. We connect the seven continents of the world by contrasting strokes according to the different shapes of bumps. At first glance, it is amazing that the seven continents of the world can be spliced together to form a large piece of land. We turned our eyes to our teacher, who told us that the land in the world was once connected.
Why is the land divided now? The teacher told me to lift my schoolbag and turn it on my head. With the rotation of my arm, the schoolbag is also turning. The teacher told me to let go, and the schoolbag flew out shriveled at once. The teacher asked me to lift the schoolbag again, then let it go, and the schoolbag fell at my feet. The teacher inspired us to think about the truth. Now we understand that the schoolbag flies flat because of centrifugal force. The earth keeps spinning, which also produces centrifugal force. Under the action of centrifugal force, the land on the earth's surface will drift. The land that was originally connected gradually fell apart, and after a long time, it became what it is now.
The teacher said that there are many reasons for earthquakes, one of which is related to plate structure. After that, the teacher asked us to do another experiment. We stood in a row against the wall and struggled to "squeeze" from both sides to the middle. The students in the middle couldn't resist the huge "squeezing pressure" on both sides and suddenly "arched" out, and the students on both sides suddenly pressed to the middle. The teacher told us that this is actually a simulation of crustal plate movement. There are many reasons for earthquakes, but crustal plate movement is one of them. In the process of drifting, the land on the earth's surface will squeeze each other, some places will rise into mountains, and some places will break into fault zones. Earthquakes often occur in fault zones in the crust. Great energy is accumulated in the process of crustal plate movement, which will be released to some extent to form an earthquake. This is just like the "crowding" of students just now. Everyone is constantly accumulating strength in the process of "squeezing". When the students in the middle couldn't bear the squeezing pressure, they suddenly "arched out", resulting in the release of "emptiness" and "squeezing pressure", and the students on both sides suddenly "hugged" forward, that is, the earth's crust broke, and the earthquake suddenly occurred. If the released energy is huge and a big earthquake is formed, it will cause great damage.
The explanation of the image of the teacher made us suddenly enlightened. We have a clear and profound understanding of the cause of the earthquake. There is no underground cow, and the earthquake is not a cow turning over. Earthquakes occur for a reason and are related to geological structures.
People are afraid of earthquakes, because earthquake disasters are destructive and will cause huge loss of life and property. Although we were young, we didn't experience Xingtai earthquake 40 years ago and Tangshan earthquake 30 years ago, but the teacher told us about the disaster at that time and let us watch a horror movie.
Although human resources can't stop earthquakes at present, we can predict earthquakes and prevent earthquakes and reduce disasters by learning and mastering earthquake knowledge.
The working people in ancient China studied earthquakes. The seismograph created by Zhang Heng can accurately detect and monitor the occurrence of earthquakes. Today, in order to prevent earthquakes and reduce disasters, China has established 27 earthquake monitoring networks. Through satellite information transmission, relevant earthquake information can be sent to all command centers within half an hour at the first time, thus effectively preventing earthquakes and minimizing the losses caused by earthquake disasters to people's lives and property.
We can also use what we have learned about earthquakes to predict the occurrence of earthquakes. Before the earthquake, there were signs. We can predict earthquakes through careful observation and close monitoring, lead the legendary "local cow" by the nose and let it serve earthquake prevention and disaster reduction obediently.
Animals have the special function of sensing disasters in advance. It is said that before the ship sinks, the mice on board will flee the ship in droves. For another example, the fourth-grade text Snow Monkey tells us that snow monkeys live on the border of China and Yunnan Province, and they are good friends of the border guards. The local climate is unpredictable, and there are often many kinds of weather such as rain, snow, hail, wind and frost within an hour. Snow monkeys are the most sensitive to climate change. When the weather changes suddenly, the Monkey King will lead his men to surround the border guards. Some of them hang their heads very low, some cover their noses with claws, and some even put their nostrils on their stomachs; They would jump around and scream at the top of their lungs. This is their way of forecasting the weather to the border guards. Folk weather proverbs are closely related to animals. For example, ants move the snake aisle, and it will rain heavily tomorrow. And experienced old farmers know that the weather has changed when they see the performance of dragonflies and other animals flying low.
We can use the special function of animals to perceive disasters in advance to serve earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Most obviously, before the arrival of the tsunami, wild animals in countries and regions around the Indian Ocean fled. When the catastrophe came, they were safe and sound. We can predict the occurrence of earthquakes through animal anomalies. Before Xingtai earthquake and Tangshan earthquake, there were abnormal phenomena such as chickens and ducks refusing to enter the nest, pigs jumping out of the fence, mules and horses screaming in fear. Unfortunately, in the social atmosphere at that time, people were too busy with the so-called "revolution" to take care of it, resulting in huge losses when the earthquake occurred.
Earthquakes are not terrible, but people's ignorance or misunderstanding of earthquake knowledge. What is terrible is not a disaster, but people's ignorance, the lag of popularization of popular science knowledge and the backwardness of science and technology.
It can be said that the publicity and education of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in Xingtai earthquake 40 years ago and Tangshan earthquake 30 years ago were relatively backward at that time, so that they were indifferent and insensitive in the face of obvious natural warning, which caused irreparable losses and made people sigh.
From this lesson, we should vigorously carry out extensive and in-depth publicity and education on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, make it a household name, and lay a solid foundation for the cause of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction.
Earthquake disaster is one of the natural disasters that cause the most serious economic losses and casualties in the world. We should strengthen the study of earthquake science knowledge and correctly master the methods of shock absorption and self-help and mutual rescue.
Listen to the earthquake forecast, learn to look at the omens before the earthquake, such as the abnormal flying, fleeing and barking of animals, and also prevent the occurrence of disasters, so that the morning paper can be withdrawn early.
When an earthquake occurs, the indoor triangular space formed by the collapse of houses is often a relatively safe place for people to live. Especially in architecture, people choose kitchen, bathroom and other places with small space, and there are spaces and corners that are not easy to collapse. Tables, beds and other places with solid furniture space can be shockproof. Protect your head with a cushion in time. Don't jump off a building blindly, use the elevator. We must use scientific methods to protect ourselves and our homes and prevent disasters.
Today is the day of the school earthquake exercise, and all the teachers and students participated. The teacher has repeatedly explained the specific situation to each of our classmates. The teacher's urgent cry "An earthquake is coming" came from the radio. We quickly put our schoolbags on our heads and rushed out. Everyone didn't want to fall behind and ran to the playground like crazy, while the teacher kept order and evacuated the students in an orderly way. All the teachers and students in the school are evacuated at the specified time, so we must learn to save ourselves.
You should also read more books on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Tell everyone around you the knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, let this knowledge spread from one word to ten words, and let everyone know that when the earthquake comes, everyone knows how to protect themselves and reduce the disasters caused by the earthquake. Let this knowledge accompany each of us, and let each of us have a sense of earthquake prevention.
We are builders and defenders of the motherland. Let's act quickly to prevent disaster. "It is everyone's responsibility to prevent earthquakes and reduce disasters."
In that unforgettable afternoon, when we were studying in the classroom with peace of mind, no one expected that a ruthless disaster would befall our compatriots in Wenchuan. At that moment, the ruthless disaster took the lives and health of countless people. At that moment, the tall building turned into ruins. At that moment, countless heartbreaking cries enveloped the entire Wenchuan county. It was that day-12 May that left an indelible lesson for mankind. Disaster prevention and mitigation day will be the footprint left by that earthquake, and this day will always remind mankind-disaster prevention and mitigation!
China is one of the main "climate fragile areas" in the world, with frequent natural disasters, wide distribution and great losses, and it is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world. The facts observed in the 20th century show the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events (El Nino, drought, flood, thunderstorm, hail, storm, high temperature weather and sandstorm, etc.). ) caused by the obvious increase in climate change, which directly endangers the development of China's national economy. Therefore, I think we should attach great importance to disaster prevention and mitigation now. Some disasters can be prevented.
And some disasters caused by the earth itself are difficult for human beings to guard against. We not only need to guard against some disasters, but also need to have some basic knowledge of disaster prevention and self-defense. Before the earthquake, there will be some signs. For example, domestic animals such as horses will break free from the reins and run wildly outside; Hibernating snakes will come out of their holes; Bees will fly around; Dogs will bark, and some livestock will run around in circles; Rats move in groups ... these omens can let people know in advance that there will be an earthquake. If these animals are found to have these abnormal phenomena, we must first distinguish between the true and false, and then report to the Seismological Bureau to prevent them from leaving early.
An earthquake doesn't mean you will die. In fact, there are many ways to save yourself.
For example, you are trapped under the ruins after the earthquake. Don't move blindly at this time, be calm. First, take out your hand and move the ruins slowly. First keep breathing smoothly, then try to breathe and call someone to save you. If you are at home during the earthquake, you must immediately enter a hard small room that has not collapsed to avoid injury.
Also, stick it on a solid wall or squat at the door, and survive after the house collapses to avoid being hurt. If you are in the wild, you must avoid steep cliffs to prevent yourself from falling down the mountain. There is also the need to prevent landslides, so as not to slide down. If you are at school, you must obey the teacher's instructions, hide under the desk and pay attention to protecting your head. If you go to physical education class, avoid tall buildings and don't get hurt. If you are in the cinema, you should hide under the viewing chair to avoid the shock, avoid the lights hanging on the ceiling and the hanging objects of air conditioners, protect your head with things, and follow the instructions of the commander to evacuate the scene. There was an earthquake in the shopping center. Avoid glass cabinets, commodities, billboards, lights and other items. If you are on the bus, you should hide under the chair or squat down, keep your center of gravity stable and grab the handrail. We should remember this knowledge.
The disaster is obviously ruthless, but who can blame? It's just that human beings are eating the consequences they have planted. Protecting the natural environment means protecting ourselves! And this, we must start from a young age! First, cut down a variety of trees less, and then make as little garbage as possible that is harmful to nature and recycle it. Then everyone should have environmental awareness, correctly understand the importance of environmental protection, and finally know that "being kind to the earth means being kind to yourself"!
The blue sky is like the heart of white clouds. I hope pigeons can fly freely. Teachers and parents have the same heart. I hope we can grow up healthily. Let's take action to prevent disasters and make the motherland's tomorrow better and brighter!
5 Life is 1, others are 0. If you want to keep 1, you must eliminate other unsafe hidden dangers.
Just two figures tell us that disaster prevention and mitigation has a long way to go, not overnight, but a protracted war. Because disaster is around, within reach. People are tired and can have a rest; The moment when the disaster is not tired, it always exists. As long as the time is right, it will explode immediately.
A disaster not only destroyed a family, but also brought great harm to the country and society. Stay away from disasters, build a happy home, and reduce and prevent disasters from me. It is not a slogan, but the simplest sentence, which makes us cherish life and care for the environment more.
Disasters are not born, but exist objectively. Since it is inevitable, try to reduce it as much as possible. It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. Mastering the ability to escape from disasters is equivalent to adding amulets to yourself. When disaster comes, it is better to rely on yourself, because the valve of fate is held by yourself. The best headmaster in Wenchuan earthquake made all the children in the school suffer no casualties, and he won the initiative for the safety of students, which is a vivid example. In peacetime, because the headmaster is always prepared for danger in times of peace, the earthquake drill is regarded as a major event. With a sense of urgency, children have accumulated rich experience in earthquake prevention in peacetime, and there will be no danger when an earthquake comes.
Comparatively speaking, some of our alarm bells are too heavy and painful.
Disaster is far away from mankind, and everyone is concerned about it. Only by preventing and reducing disasters can disasters be minimized. Take the lightning rod for example. Some people may disagree. The reception room of a certain unit has been paralyzed for a long time without major events for many years. But the thunder master didn't forget that in summer, there was a bolt from the blue, a rolling thunder that had not been seen for many years appeared, a big fireball stuck to the lawn and entered the room, and the whole communication was completely paralyzed. After investigation, it was found that the lightning rod was not grounded well, but everything was too late.
Don't ignore the power of family in disaster prevention and mitigation, and the power of family should not be underestimated. For this reason, Shandong province attaches great importance to the big and never lets go of the small, and firmly grasps the bull nose of disaster prevention and mitigation-involving families. According to media reports, it will take Shandong Province about five years to equip every urban household with a pair of fire extinguishers. Formulate a set of fire safety publicity and education system and residents' fire prevention convention; Determine a full-time and part-time fire safety officer for each residential building, and draw and post the evacuation map of the residential building; Establish a volunteer fire brigade; Encourage families to be equipped with a set of simple evacuation and escape devices to reduce and prevent disasters, so that disaster prevention for the whole people can become a reality.
Natural disasters are not static, so we need to master more knowledge of disaster reduction and prevention. Disaster reduction and prevention should start with dolls, be born in sorrow and die in happiness, and establish a sense of disaster reduction for children from an early age. This is the most fundamental. After all, gold is valuable and life is priceless.
Disaster prevention and mitigation is self-help, starting from me, starting from small things, starting from the side. As long as everyone can do this, cherish the safety of nature and public property, consciously devote themselves to disaster prevention and reduction, establish a spirit of being responsible for themselves and the country, abandon personal thinking and carry forward the great spirit of earthquake relief, we can overcome the greatest disaster.
Nowadays, due to the serious man-made damage, various disasters "take root and sprout" on the earth, and the losses caused are unimaginable. Every year, disasters such as drought, flood, typhoon, rainstorm and hail are endangering people's lives and property, and the national economy is also suffering huge losses. Moreover, with the adjustment and development of economy, the losses caused by natural disasters are also on the rise, which directly affects social and economic development.
In view of the drought in the north, the study found that there have been repeated droughts in the west for 3000 years. The Ministry of Agriculture organizes experts to carry out scientific drought relief activities. Drought resistance of wheat is the main technology. Soil erosion must be controlled in arid areas, and dams can be built and trees planted in suitable places when necessary.
Rainstorm is a short-term or continuous heavy precipitation process. In low-lying areas with closed terrain, rainwater can not be discharged quickly, which will cause agricultural disasters such as farmland water accumulation and soil water supersaturation. Heavy rain may even cause flash floods, river flooding and dam break, causing huge economic losses to the people and the country. According to the regulations of China's meteorological department, the rain with a precipitation of more than 50 mm in 24 hours is called "rainstorm". Most of the main factors affecting rainstorm are the destruction of human factors, so environmental protection should be given priority in urban construction.
Wind hail, wind hail disaster refers to the disaster caused by the condensation of ice in cumulonimbus clouds falling from the air under the control of convective weather. Hail often destroys large crops, orchards and buildings, threatening human safety. This is a serious natural disaster. Wind and hail often occur in a large area, and the area affected by wind and hail is more than 99 million mu in severe disaster years (1993) and more than 56 million mu in light disaster years (1994).
There are two hail belts in Tibet, and the worst hail disaster weather occurred in China in recent ten years. Why do rare rainstorms frequently visit South China recently?
Low temperature freezing, low temperature freezing disaster is mainly caused by the invasion of cold air and cold wave for many days. Agricultural meteorological disasters that cause crop damage and yield reduction, such as severe freezing years, such as 1968, 1975, 1982, have more than 20% dead seedlings destroyed. 1977 65438+29 10, the strong cold wave froze Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang by 0.5 meters, the grasslands were buried, and a large number of livestock died. Pay attention to forest protection and adjust the temperature.
Blizzard is a large-scale snowstorm phenomenon caused by long-term heavy snowfall, which seriously affects or even destroys lifeline projects such as transportation, communication and transmission lines, and has a great impact on people's production and life.
In fact, some disasters can be prevented, and there will be some signs before the earthquake. For example, livestock such as horses will break free from the reins and run wildly; Hibernating snakes will come out of their holes; Bees will fly around in horror; Dogs can bark; There are also some domestic animals that will run around when they are out of the circle; Rats move in groups ... these omens can let people know in advance that there will be an earthquake. If you find these phenomena, you must first distinguish between true and false, and then report to the Seismological Bureau to prevent you from leaving in time. There are also many ways to save yourself. You can hide in the corner, or under something stronger. If you are at school, you must obey the teacher's instructions and hide under the desk to protect your head. If you are outdoors, you must avoid tall buildings and don't get hurt. When the earthquake happened, you were trapped under the rubble. Don't move blindly at this time. First, reach out and slowly move the ruins. First keep breathing smoothly, and then try to call someone to save you. When an earthquake occurs, you should stick it on a solid wall or squat at the door. After the house collapses, you should survive and avoid getting hurt. It is called "death in the air" because the waste gas emitted by people's factories floats into the air, and it rains when it rains. The death of fish and shrimp, the gradual aging of forests and the impoverishment of farmland mean that there is a red line of gas absorption in the atmosphere, which leads to an increase in temperature and will kill many people, especially the elderly and children. The greenhouse effect will make people suffer from asthma, and it will also cause many diseases, such as encephalitis and high fever, and it will also cause drought, flood and food loss. Therefore, meteorological departments should do detailed work before the arrival of acid rain.
And many natural disasters are related to our own "masterpieces", so we should have this knowledge, so we should start from ourselves.
Protect forests, plant trees and protect water and soil; Factories should not emit too much exhaust gas, but should use inexhaustible solar energy. In order to protect the ozone layer, cars should not emit exhaust gas.
Be careful with fire and don't throw cigarette butts about. We should learn more about earthquake prevention and disaster prevention and have a sense of prevention. Save water and cherish every drop of water. If these points are done well first, the occurrence of disasters will be reduced, or many people's lives will be saved once disasters occur.
Protecting our home, the earth, is to protect ourselves. Let's take action to prevent disasters and make the earth's tomorrow brighter and brighter!