China's Ambassador to Peru Mai Yan Guo believes that the signing of this agreement will further promote various exchanges between the two peoples, strengthen economic and cultural exchanges between the two countries, and promote the development of mutual tourism and trade.
When talking about the prospect of China-Peru tourism cooperation, Peruvian Foreign Minister Alain Wagner pointed out that China is a world economic power, and China's tourism market will provide great opportunities for Peru. The Peruvian government will provide more convenience for China tourists and entrepreneurs, and strive for China to declare Peru as an official destination country for China citizens in the near future.
However, experts believe that it is too early to open Peru as a destination country for China citizens to travel abroad at their own expense. At present, there is no economical means of transportation that can reach South America in a short time in China, so opening up is not of great practical significance to travel agencies.
Brazil, the largest country in South America.
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General situation of Brazil tourism
Brazil is the largest country in South America with a land area of 85 1 1965 square kilometers, ranking first in South America in terms of land area, population, economic strength and economic development level. Because of its vast territory, rich forests, minerals and water resources, and the encouragement of the government, Brazil has become an ideal target for foreign investment. For many years, Brazil has been one of the most successful countries in attracting foreign investment.
Brazil is a multi-ethnic and colorful country, which is famous for its many festivals. Spring and autumn are the best time to travel to Brazil. There are many interesting things in this magical land. Besides football, samba and various programs, you can also visit three famous cities in Brazil-Brasilia, S? o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. For friends who like nature, Amazon Forest, Iguazu Waterfall and Amazon Tide are also essential.
business etiquette
You should wear a conservative dark suit when you are on a business trip. Always remember that your manners should be warm and friendly. Whether visiting government agencies or private institutions, you need to make an appointment in advance. The commodity grain in Sao Paulo pays great attention to punctuality and cannot be sloppy. Brasilia is a new modern capital, but the commercial center is still Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo is located on the steep cliff of the Mar Mountains in the southeast of the Brazilian Plateau, with a population of over 8.63 million. It is the largest city in Brazil and the capital of Sao Paulo. It is 63 kilometers away from Santos in the southeast, and now it is the largest industrial center in Brazil, accounting for about half of the country's industrial output, and the trade in coffee, frozen meat, sugar and cotton is extremely prosperous. Brazil ranks fourth in the world in terms of arms exports.
In Brazil, the color is brown, purple represents sadness, and yellow represents despair. They think people die like yellow leaves, so they are afraid of brown. People are superstitious that purple will bring sadness to people. Besides, people think that dark brown will bring misfortune. Therefore, I hate this color very much in Brazil, and there have been such failures. Clocks and watches exported from Japan to Brazil are not popular because they are equipped with purple ribbons on the case, and purple is considered an unlucky color. In Brazil, it is more convenient and friendly to use the local language in conversation and writing. The use of business cards should be in the local common language, and the description of goods should be in the local language.
Brazilians are not ashamed to show their feelings. When people met in the street, they embraced each other warmly. Men and women should shake hands when they meet and leave. When women meet face to face, they kiss with their mouths, but their mouths don't touch their faces.
When conducting business negotiations with Brazilian businessmen, be punctual for appointments. If the other party is late, even if it is 1-2 hours, you should understand. Like most Latin Americans, Brazilians are more casual about time and work. Dealing with Brazilians, the host doesn't mention it, let alone work. Speak close, be close, but don't be unwise. No matter how hot it is there, it is appropriate to wear dark clothes. Brazilians love children very much and can praise them in conversation. Brazilian men like to laugh, but guests avoid jokes involving local ethnic groups. It's best not to talk about local political issues.
On the second day of being a guest in a Brazilian home, someone should send a bunch of flowers or a thank-you card to the hostess. Never send purple flowers. Purple is a symbol of death.
eating habits
Brazil is a country composed of Europeans, Africans, Indians, Arabs and Orientals, but its core is Brazilians of Portuguese descent. In addition, because immigrants from southern European countries such as Spain and Italy account for an overwhelming majority in Brazil, the customs and habits of Brazilians are very similar to those of Portugal and southern Europe. In terms of diet, Brazilians are characterized by taking rice as the staple food, and like to sprinkle sweet potato powder similar to potato powder on fried rice, and add beans similar to cauliflower beans to eat together. In the past, Brazilians didn't like to eat vegetables. Because immigrants planted a large number of high-quality dishes, the Brazilian birthday table became rich. Eating fish is not completely popular among Brazilians, and it is usually only eaten on Fridays and Easter. But everyone likes to eat shrimp, but the price is very expensive. In a happy weekend meal, Brazilians like to roast large pieces of meat on the fire.
Ash Wednesday is the last day of Brazil's most famous carnival. In fact, business activities in Brazil almost completely stopped in the week around the date, which should be avoided during this period. 65438+February to February of the following year is a holiday for the local "summer vacation", and it is appropriate to visit at other times. Public holidays in Brazil: 65438+ 10/,April 2 1, May 1, September 7 165438+ 10/5. In addition, although 65438+1October 6, February 17- 18, June 24 and 29 are not public holidays, the labor force is insufficient. Brazil is a season from September to February, and about 90% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in this season.
Note that dinner time in Brazil starts as early as 8: 00, or 9: 00, midnight 12: 00. Drinking water is not safe. Only boiled water or bottled drinks can be used.
In addition, Indians in Brazil have an interesting custom. Taking a bath and eating is the most important content in their lives. When people visit their home, they invite them to jump into the river and take a bath. Time and again, some people have to take a bath more than ten times a day. It is said that this is the most respectful etiquette for their guests. The more times they take a bath, the more polite and respectful they are to their guests.
souvenir
Most tourists to Brazil can't resist the temptation of precious stones. There are many kinds of gems in Brazil, including amethyst, opal, topaz, diamond, emerald, ruby and sapphire. 65% of the world's colored gems is produced in Brazil.
Today, Brazil is the world's leading jewelry center. Because all these gems are mined, cut, inlaid and designed in Brazil, they are cheap and attractive. The value of a gem depends on its color and texture. Pay attention to four points when buying gems: color, cut hair, purity and price. The stronger the color light, the higher the price of gemstones.
Another thing worth buying in Brazil is leather goods, such as leather shoes, slippers, purses and wallets. Some of the best leather products come from southern Brazil, and handmade leather products can also be bought in street handicraft markets. There are also handicrafts, such as pottery, handmade lace and embroidery in the northeast. Most attractive Indian handicrafts come from the northern Amazon, and there are beautiful wood products and straw ornaments all over the country.
Don't forget the famous coffee in Brazil. It will be very popular to buy some bottles as gifts. Both supermarkets and bakeries sell roasted and ground coffee. Vacuum-packed products can keep fresh for a long time, and you can also buy good paper bag coffee at the airport.
Colorful festivals
Speaking of Brazil, people always think of carnival. During the carnival, all over Brazil, from toddlers to white-haired old people, from housewives in slums to ladies and gentlemen, will flock to the streets to enjoy themselves. Carnival originated in Europe in the Middle Ages, and was most popular in Latin countries such as Italy, Spain, France and Portugal, which believed in Catholicism. The official holiday is the first three days of Lent. Because the church forbids eating meat and entertainment during lent, people sing and dance a few days before lent in order to enjoy themselves for a long time, which has evolved into a fixed mass carnival.
Besides the carnival, there are many festivals in Brazil.
Poseidon Festival: 65438+1 October1. This is a festival to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, to worship the sea god and pray for family safety in the coming year. It has a history of more than 200 years.
Pentecost: early June. A folk festival originated in Portugal. 18 19 was first held in Brazil, starting in early June every year and lasting for ten days.
New Year's Festival: Late June. This is a traditional festival in northeast Brazil. The celebration is mainly in the form of a parade, and the content of the program is rich and colorful. Most of them express their love and hate for today's society through the experience of cows, and express the custom of respecting and loving cows.
Brazilian music is famous for its exquisiteness, beauty and variety. The most typical and charming rhythm of music and dance is samba.
According to the definition of the World Ecotourism Association, ecotourism is a tourism activity that uses natural and cultural heritage in a sustainable way, provides economic support for environmental protection and obtains economic benefits for local people. Ecotourism sometimes has the characteristics of exploration and rural tourism.
In recent years, eco-tourism in Brazil is full of vitality, with the number of tourists increasing by 20% every year. According to the statistics of Brazilian Tourism Company, the number of people participating in eco-tourism in Brazil reaches 500,000 every year, and it is also very common for families to participate in eco-tourism in some areas. Foreign tourists to Brazil mainly come from South American countries, reaching 3.78 million in 2002. 30,000 people are engaged in eco-tourism, 5,000 enterprises or institutions are linked to eco-tourism, and there are 250 tourism companies engaged in eco-tourism special services. This is mainly because people are more and more concerned about the ecological environment and stay away from the noise of the city.
The rapid development of ecotourism in Brazil benefits from Brazil's rich ecotourism resources. Brazil covers an area of 8.547 million square kilometers, with the majestic Iguazu Waterfall in the south, the rolling Amazon River in the north, the beautiful Atlantic beach in the east and the endless Pantanal Everglades in the west.
1August 503, when the navigator Amerigo was in Fernando? When he boarded the main island of the de Noronha Islands, he was fascinated by the surrounding scenery. In a letter to the king of Portugal, he said that he had come to heaven. Exactly 500 years have passed, Fernando? Today, the island of de Noronha still maintains the title of Amerigo, and has become a world cultural heritage and a tourist destination for Brazilians and foreign tourists.
Fernando? De Noronha Island is the most beautiful and well-protected scenic spot in Brazil. It is 545 kilometers away from Brazil, and it is a group of islands growing from the 4000-meter Atlantic Ocean. Area 17 km2, mainly composed of 2 1 islets. There are 16 beaches in the whole island. The sea water is clear and transparent, and the visibility is 40 meters deep.
The Pantanal swamp in southern Brazil is another scene. It combines the scenery of western grassland and Amazon forest, with 6.5438+0.4 million hectares of swamp, where 650 species of birds and 95 species of mammals live. Parana river and its tributaries turned this grassland into a swamp. In rainy season, all kinds of fish feed on tree fruit. In dry season, piranhas become extremely fierce, but there are docile crocodiles everywhere. All kinds of creatures live in completely natural conditions, which has also become a hot spot of people's eco-tourism.
Protecting the environment is the key to maintain the long-term development of eco-tourism. To this end, the Brazilian government has formulated a series of laws and regulations on ecotourism to ensure the healthy and orderly development of ecotourism.
The development of Feidao has always been cautious, striving for the balance between man and nature, and taking environmental protection as the development criterion of Feidao. Tourists receive eco-environmental education on the plane. Everyone must fill in personal data and stay time, and it is not allowed to exceed 7 days at most. Each tourist must also pay an environmental protection fee of about $8. If some tourists exceed 10 days due to special circumstances, the environmental protection fee will be greatly increased.
In the process of developing eco-tourism, the local government restricts the number of people entering the island, does not build tall buildings, and takes nature as the principle. The maximum reception capacity of Feidao is 400 people per day, and there are 1 10 family hotels on the island, so the conditions are poor. But the best hotel costs 450 dollars a day. 2,300 residents live in 30% of the islands, and the rest are completely in the original state. The government does not encourage new immigrants. At Castle Beach, it is only open to 100 tourists in the morning, with no more than 25 people in each batch, and the stay time is not allowed to exceed 30 minutes.
It is worth mentioning that ecotourism in Brazil has become a classroom for educating people. Organizations engaged in organizing eco-tourism require tourists to respect local residents, contribute to local economic development, respect natural conditions and protect the environment. Brazilians who have participated in eco-tourism not only appreciate the beautiful natural and ecological landscape, but also take the initiative to receive environmental education.
tip
Most restaurants usually add 10% service charge to the bill. If the service is particularly good, you might as well tip the waiter a little more. Maybe the waiter gave you a "face" because the tip you gave did not exceed 10% in the bill. Ignore him, you know you have no obligation to tip them extra.
The hotel will also add 10% service charge to your bill, but the service charge does not have to be given to the person who helps you. At the airport, you should tip the bellman and the driver who helps with the luggage. The cost is about $0.5.
Barber shops and beauty salons should pay a tip of 10%-20%. Teenagers who look at your car on the side of the road will ask you for $0.50 when they come back to pick it up. If you park your car outside a bustling nightclub or theater, these car-watching teenagers will ask for $65,438+0 or $65,438+0.5 in advance, so it is better to pay them accordingly.
Travel reminder
money
The Brazilian currency is called the "real". At present, there are six kinds of coins in circulation: 10, 20 and 50 cents, 1 5 and 10 yuan * *. Major Brazilian newspapers list the latest exchange rates of US dollars and Brazilian currencies every day. Barber shops and beauty salons should pay a tip of 10%-20%. Teenagers who look at your car on the side of the road will ask you for $0.50 when they come back to pick it up. If you park your car outside a bustling nightclub or theater, these car-watching teenagers will ask for $65,438+0 or $65,438+0.5 in advance, so it is better to pay them accordingly.
Enter a country
Brazil does not require inbound passengers to show health or quarantine certificates, nor does it require quarantine certificates for travel from Brazil to another country. However, if tourists plan to go to the Amazon region or the marshes in Mato Grosso, it is best to be vaccinated against yellow fever for safety reasons. Passengers must fill in the declaration form at the airport before entering Brazil.
customs
Upon arrival at the airport, customs officers will conduct spot checks on passengers who declare "nothing valuable". Like most countries, Brazil is forbidden to bring meat, plants, fruits and seeds, otherwise it will be confiscated. Passengers can buy things worth less than $300 at the airport duty-free shop and bring them into Brazil-there is no limit to the number, type or year of products. In addition, passengers can also carry items purchased abroad with a value of not more than 300 dollars. There are no restrictions except that you can only bring one bottle of wine and one bottle of spirits.
[Mexican cuisine] Mexican food culture
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[Mexican cuisine] Mexican food culture
Mexico is an ancient civilization in Central America. In addition to numerous historical sites, its beautiful scenery in the Caribbean is even more desirable, and its food is even richer. Because it was ruled by Spain and influenced by ancient Indian culture, the dishes were mainly sour and spicy. Pepper has become an indispensable food for Mexicans. It is estimated that there are more than 100 kinds of peppers produced in Mexico, with colors ranging from fiery red to dark brown. As for the spicy degree, the thinner the body, the higher the spicy degree, which can be used as the standard for selection.
Breakfast in Mexico can be described as "waking up". All kinds of food are mainly spicy, and even muffins are baked with Chili. Authentic Mexican dishes are mainly peppers and tomatoes, which are sweet, spicy and sour. More than 90% of the sauces are peppers and tomatoes.
Mexican food is divided into appetizers, soups, main courses and desserts, among which soups are light to highlight the sour and spicy characteristics of main courses; Mexican food does not stick to table manners, and can only be eaten with hands, which fully embodies the characteristics of its national hearty heroism. Millet is one of the staple foods of Mexicans and one of the indispensable ingredients of Mexican cuisine. There are countless non-staple foods made by Xiaomi, such as Taco (corn tortilla) and Nachos (corn shortcake). And a portion of millet is the second, and fresh fish is the main course. Fish in butter sauce is smooth and delicious, and rice is refreshing and sweet.
Chinese ink salad is very strange, with cactus and miscellaneous vegetables, and tastes similar to cucumber. With orange sauce, the entrance is refreshing, and with an ink cocktail, it is even more refreshing.
South American tourism has a new choice. Uruguay has become a tourist destination for China people.
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Besides Brazil and Argentina, China citizens who want to travel to South America in the future have another new choice-Uruguay.
Yesterday, the reporter learned that the China government has approved Uruguay as a tourist destination country for China citizens. The tourism departments of the two countries will make contact. Uruguay is located in the southeast of South America, with an area of176,000 square kilometers, and is known as "Little Switzerland in South America". The La Plata River in this country is a famous summer resort. The reporter learned from some travel agencies that in the future, traveling to Uruguay will be "bundled" with Brazil or Argentina, and the price may be 20,000 to 30,000 yuan.
Impression of Medellin, a famous Colombian city
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Medellin became the "most unsafe" city in the world in 1980s and 1990s because of its notorious drug trafficking group and high crime rate. However, "now, fear no longer exists, and Medellin is a city full of hope. Now is the time for us to work together to turn our dreams into reality. " -This is the most common saying of Fajardo, the mayor of Medellin, who is nearly 50 years old. It was in this "people-friendly" mayor who didn't wear a tie that Medellin began to "turn over a new leaf" after being elected in 2003.
Multi-administrative authorities in Fakhar
The government pays attention to education, culture and social development. Humberto, director of the Cultural Bureau of Medellin, said in an interview that taking the community of Santo Domingo as an example, Santo Domingo was the most dangerous place in Medellin 15 years ago, and frequent vicious crimes once made it a "forbidden place" for ordinary citizens.
But things changed a few years ago. Over the past three and a half years, the government has invested about 80 million euros to help build schools, gymnasiums, hospitals, libraries, renovate houses and repair infrastructure, and improve the software and hardware conditions of communities. Residents' satisfaction with the government has also greatly improved, and Santo Domingo is no longer the most dangerous corner.
The change of Santo Domingo can be said to be the epitome of Medellin's development. The only city in Colombia with a subway is attracting the world's attention with a brand-new look.
Walking on Maishi Street, you will find that although there are still graffiti stains on the corner, more and more exquisite murals appear and decorate the city. Parks, sculptures, libraries ... More and more people, especially the poor, can find good places for leisure and study without going far away. Busy construction workers can be seen everywhere in roads, commercial centers and residential construction sites. They are a beautiful landscape for urban construction. The cable car specially built for the poor has solved the travel difficulties of residents in Santo Domingo community, and also increased communication and exchanges between different communities.
What moves you even more is the simplicity, friendliness and enthusiasm of Medellin people. Everyone in this city has a sincere smile on his face and is ready to solve difficulties for others anytime and anywhere. They are willing to say loudly that they are proud of the development of the city, although the government still needs to make more efforts in creating jobs and maintaining law and order.
The hospitality and wisdom shown by the citizens of Medellin in the cultural activities of the Spanish College Association Congress are equally impressive: "Little Spanish Congress" allows children to choose the most beautiful Spanish words 10, "Literary Walk" brings together 60 Latin American writers to hold 24 symposiums, "Talking Tree" plays recordings of famous works by literary masters on campus, and "City Traces" are the Medellin in their hearts drawn by school teachers and students. ...
These activities lasted for more than 1 month, attracting a large number of Medellin citizens to participate, making Medellin city full of festive atmosphere. In order to create a new international image of this modern industrial city, the municipal government of Medellin has also issued slogans such as "Medellin: the city of education" and "Medellin: the capital of literature".
During the interview, the reporter met Elena, a volunteer from the Spanish Congress, Laura, a reporter from the Digital City website, Diego, who works in the education department of Medellin, and other friends. They are all young people born and raised in this city, and their strong sense of belonging and self-identity is beyond words, because Medellin is now a city full of confidence, smile, harmony and hope.
Global Landscape Tourism-Western South American Countries
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The western part of South America is located in the Andes, starting from Trinidad in the north and Tierra del Fuego in the south, covering an area of about 5.46 million square kilometers, including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile. The population is about/kloc-0.05 million. Mainly indo-European hybrids and Indians. The population is mainly concentrated in Bolivian plateaus, valleys and cities.
I. Peru
Peru is located in the west of South America, bordering the vast Pacific Ocean in the southwest. The territory is roughly between the equator and south latitude 18, all in the tropics. The coastline is about 2800 kilometers long. With an area of 128.5 square kilometers, it is the third largest country in South America. The population is about 22.33 million (1990).
The terrain of Peru is characterized by the high central part, the Andes running through it and the low east and west sides. The mountainous area accounts for about 1/2 of the national area, and there are many mountainous plateaus and basins. The whole country can be clearly divided into three natural geographical regions. One is the dry west coast plain. It is located on the Pacific coast, in a narrow strip shape. Due to the control of the subtropical high in the South Pacific, the southeast wind prevails offshore, and there is a Peruvian cold current offshore, so there is little precipitation (the annual precipitation is less than 50 mm), which is a typical tropical desert climate. But the temperature is not very high in summer, and the winter is mild and pleasant. The second is the cool central mountain. There are high mountains in the east and west, and the Vascalan Mountain in the Cordillera Mountains in the west is 6768 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Peru. The southern area between the east and west mountains is a mountain plateau, where there are famous misty active volcanoes. The climate in this area is cool because of the high altitude and low temperature. At an altitude of 2,000-4,000 meters, it is densely populated and historically an important area of the Inca Empire, where Cuzco is the capital. The third is the eastern tropical rain forest area. Located in the eastern part of the Andes, it includes the Kiali Valley in the upper reaches of the Amazon River and the flood plain in the lower reaches of the Maranyon River. The hot and humid air flow from the Atlantic Ocean is blocked by the Andes here, forming abundant topographic precipitation, and the terrain is relatively low, so the climate is hot and humid and covered with vast forests.
(A) Tourism resources
Peru is a country with rich tourism resources and relatively developed tourism in South America, especially the Inca relics attract foreign tourists. Most of the tourist spots and resorts in this country are distributed along a tourist route. Usually tourists go to Lima, the capital, and then to the historic city of Cuzco, the beautiful Lake Titicaca, Arequipa, Chimbote, Truth City, Machupike Chugu Castle, Nazca Valley and other places. Lima is the capital of the country, the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the country, and an important tourist city. It is located in the desert of the west coast plain, bordering the Pacific port city of callao in the west. It was first built in 1535. The colonial period was the colonial base of Spain in South America. The city was severely damaged in the 1764 and 1970 earthquakes, and was rebuilt and developed. This country became the capital when it became independent. The climate here is dry, and it hardly rains for a year, but there are still many trees growing because of the high groundwater level. The city is divided into two parts: the old city and the new city. There are many colonial buildings in the old city, with short houses and narrow streets, but many squares. Located in the center is the "Armed Square", and to the east is the Catholic Church built in the17th century and maintaining the Spanish architectural style, as well as the Lima Municipal Building built in 1938 and other tall buildings. Not far from the northeast of the square, there is a beautiful Alameda public garden. Another famous square is St. Martin's Square. Here stands a statue of General Saint Martin, a national hero in the American War of Independence. The third important square is the "May 2nd Square", where there is a marble monument commemorating 1866' s victory over the Spanish fleet, and the University of San Marcos, one of the most important institutions of higher learning in Latin America, is nearby. In the new urban area of the city, there is Bolivar Square, which is surrounded by museums, displaying precious works of art, ethnology and archaeology (including stone tools, pottery and mummies before the Inca era) and the exhibition hall of the Inquisition, which was built in the early19th century. In addition, there are the National Art Museum and the "Golden Museum", which contain more than 6,500 gold handicrafts from the Inca era.
▲ callao, the outer harbor of Lima, is located in callao Bay in the west of Lima. It is not only a commercial port, fishing port, but also a military port. This port has the largest fishing fleet in China, with a large amount of fishing every year, and it is also the largest fish meal processing center in the world. There are also many tourists visiting here. Cuzco is a historic city in southern Peru, the capital of the ancient Inca Empire and the most important tourist attraction in the country. It is located in the intermountain basin of the Andes. The climate is cool and the scenery is magnificent. Based on this, the Incas established the Inca Empire and created Inca culture, which became the highest peak of civilization in South America. Later, Spain invaded, and earthquakes occurred again and again, causing great damage. But there are still many palaces, temples and other buildings in the Inca era. These ancient buildings, together with a large number of buildings built by Spanish colonists later, formed the unique architectural style of this city. There are Armed Forces Square in the city center, Sun Temple, Moon Temple and Star Temple in the northeast, Sun Goddess Building and Snake Temple in the southeast, and "Celebration Square" in the southwest where Incas celebrate the victorious return of imperial troops. At a distance of 0/.5 km from Cuzco/Kloc-0, there is the world-famous Saksawaman Round Castle, where the ancient Indians held the "Sun Festival". In the east of the castle, there are the remains of Kenko, and there are still amphitheaters and temples. In addition, 9 kilometers away from the city, there are natural scenery such as hot springs and waterfalls. Every year, the number of tourists visiting here generally exceeds 654.38 million.