One of the main reasons why Germany launched World War II was that World War I left Germany with some so-called unfair treaties and treatments that could not be resolved peacefully. As a defeated country in World War I, Germany has many interests divided by other powerful countries, and only through war can it recover the lost interests.
Another reason is economic problems. Fascism came to power in the economic crisis, but it was not economic development. On the contrary, Germany's domestic economy was on the verge of collapse at that time, and economic plunder through war was the best way. This kind of economic plunder has been used to this day, and it has been played incisively and vividly by a certain country.
An analysis of the reasons why Germany launched World War II.
After reading emil ludwig's The Germans, I understand that there is another important reason for the outbreak of World War II, and that is the unique character of the Germans. Every nation has its own unique personality, and Germans are no exception. As we all know, Germany is a diversified country. There is no lack of romance in obedience, and tenderness in cruelty. It is this character that has set off world wars again and again. Why did this German character lead to the outbreak of World War II? What is the relationship between the two? Let's analyze the relationship between the two from three aspects:
1. obey
In the eyes of the world, Germans stick to the rules and remain unchanged. In fact, this is the obedience advertised by the Germans. Germans have always worshipped and obeyed authority, which originated from the habits of ancient Teutonic people. Otto von bismarck praised Prussia for this? Virtue? -? Honor, loyalty, obedience and courage run through the whole team from officers to recruits? .
Ludwig said in German:? Due to the warlike tradition and strict training, obedience has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. ? It can be seen that from the army to the people, obedience? It has become one of the main characters of Germans, which is also the unique character of Teutonic people. This character is one of the reasons that led to the outbreak of World War II. Because? Obedience, a sense of responsibility and a simple way of life all ensured that the Germans could rapidly develop industry and wage war. ? German's absolute obedience, including subordinates' worship of superiors and people's worship of leaders, enabled Hitler to use this character to wage war quickly.
There is also the appeasement policy adopted by Britain and France towards Germany before World War II. Why not only failed to stop Germany from waging war, but led to the accelerated outbreak of World War II? This is because they don't understand the German character. Ludwig pointed out in German? Germany is used to submission, and they even admire the ruthlessness and harshness of the conqueror.
Germans are very neurotic. They often give in to the threats of their opponents, but their conciliatory attitude towards their opponents is regarded as a sign of weakness and timidity. The legendary saying that a moderate and peaceful way can prevent World War II can only come from people who have not studied the German character. Followed by moderate peace, without comprehensive disarmament, the Second World War may break out ten years earlier. ? Therefore, after World War I, countries such as Britain and France took moderate measures against Germany, and German bullying and fear of hard work led to the outbreak of World War II.
2. Unsafe
Another character of Germans is their inherent insecurity. Before Bismarck unified Germany, Germany was a divided country with more than 300 small countries. This fragmented situation is likely to lead to foreign invasion. Therefore, Germany before reunification has always been the object of aggression by neighboring powers. This can easily lead to the inner insecurity of Germans.
This sense of insecurity has always accompanied the Germans, even after reunification. This insecurity of Germans makes them narrow-minded, jealous and vengeful, especially towards Jews. Because Jews are often associated with economic interests. Most Jews in Germany are financiers, bankers or usurers, which has aroused the envy and inner insecurity of Aryans in Germany. They want to exterminate the Jewish race in Germany by slaughtering animals.
A chronicler once pointed out that the talent of Jews is the cause of their own death. ? But in the final analysis, this is the animal performance of the Germans. Ludwig pointedly pointed out this phenomenon:? The deep insecurity of Germans is a problem that can never be solved. This insecurity makes Germans unable to enjoy life and harmony, and makes Germans sometimes behave like animals and sometimes behave like slaves. ? So this insecurity can be reflected in Hitler, so as to find an excuse to launch World War II, that is, to use it? Nationalism? Launch a war, challenge the world and achieve the goal of dominating the world.
3. Inferiority and fear
In the final analysis, this insecurity of Germans is caused by inferiority and fear of reality, which in turn further aggravates this insecurity and fear. Ludwig said? They have been worried about being looked down upon. This sense of fear and inferiority drives them to keep acting? All this is not for material purposes; Germans conquered other countries not because their lives were rich and easy, but mainly to show that they were better than others and force others to accept their annoying lifestyles. ? Because of their inner inferiority, Germans are more eager than others to prove their Excellence to the world, and the way to prove it is to wage wars again and again. Fear is manifested in fear of culture, dissatisfaction with society and antipathy to race.
Joachim C. feaster said in his works: This fear influenced the German bourgeoisie in the last decades of the19th century, especially in the years after the First World War-this panic came from the fear of the rising proletarian revolution, but the deeper reason was the fear of modern things. Hitler used the Germans? Great fear? Take fierce revenge on those who led Germany to this critical juncture.
4. militancy
Finally, the bellicose character of the Germans was also one of the reasons for the outbreak of World War II. German good soldiers have existed since ancient times, and this character continues the cruel spirit of Teutonic warriors. In ancient times, Teutonic people lived in the arid north of Germany and in the virgin forest. The cold climate and barren land make Teutonic people the most powerful nation. They are ambitious and bent on conquering areas richer than themselves. So what? Warlike? Become one of the savage characters of Teutonic people. This character has not only not subsided, but has intensified.
Ludwig quoted a passage from Heine's evaluation of the German character in the book "Germans": Christianity can be weakened, but it can't kill the cruel spirit of Teutonic warriors. One day, this Christianity will not be effective in restraining Teutonic soldiers. The sense of cruelty and powerlessness in the primitive state will rise again, and the ruthless personality repeatedly praised by Nordic Germanic poetry will be worshipped. The day is coming when the Christian creed will completely collapse. And one day, when you hear the unprecedented loud noise in the world, you will know that the German empire has finally achieved its goal. This thunder of Raytheon made the flying eagle in the air fall to the ground and die. The lice in the remote desert of Africa will hang back and sneak into the dense forest of the Huang family? Germany, free from bondage, is more shocking than the whole sacredness plus Croatia and Cossack? .
Heine predicted in 1838 that this bellicose character of the Germans would set off a world war, which is exactly the case. Ludwig also made a profound analysis of this character of the Germans, saying:? This country (Germany, the author added) has dreamed of dominating the world since ancient times, and now this fantasy has been strengthened. These people (new industrial leaders and the older generation of generals or landlords) are ambitious, and their desire for power far exceeds their pursuit of money. Even today, what drives them desperately is not the pursuit of more wealth and enjoyment of life.
A belligerent country never enjoys leisure on holidays or weekends. On the contrary, it wants to deprive others of this enjoyment. Germans think that everything that is easy to get is worthless. What they hope to get through hard struggle and fighting is valuable. ? It can be seen that the German is good at being a conqueror, and his dream since ancient times is to dominate the world. To this end, it waged wars at the expense of its own people, including two world wars.
The above is to analyze how these characters led to the outbreak of World War II from the aspects of German obedience, inner insecurity, great fear and belligerence, and what kind of relationship they had with World War II. Both world wars were launched by Germany, which aroused the curiosity of the world. Why can a country detonate a world war three times and two times? In the final analysis, it is determined by these personalities of Germans. Hitler, the fascist leader, concentrated all the weaknesses of the German character. His appearance met the needs of the Germans, so it is not surprising that he launched a world war.
In his book The Germans, Ludwig made a profound analysis of these characters and their weaknesses in the Germans, which was clear at a glance.
Germans have dual personalities. On the one hand, it triggered a world war and plunged the world into chaos. On the other hand, it has produced so many outstanding figures. Many famous musicians and philosophers were born in this land, and they lit up and illuminated the world again and again. In Goethe's words? On the one hand, it developed towards darkness and chaos until its state power was called the sinner of the world; On the other hand, personally, it is the Germans who have developed to such a successful level that the whole world marvels at their success again and again? . A nation's character has both weaknesses and advantages. Only by exerting its strengths and restraining its weaknesses can the world move forward and the world be peaceful.
History of Germany in World War II
From Europe to Asia, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, there are 6/kloc-0 countries and regions, and more than 2 billion people are involved in the war, with a combat area of 22 million square kilometers. According to incomplete statistics, more than 90 million soldiers and civilians were killed or injured in the war, and more than 4 trillion US dollars were wasted. World War II ended with the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Britain and other anti-fascist countries and the people of the world defeating the fascist aggressors and winning world peace and progress. Fascist countries:
Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Finland.
Anti-fascist countries:
China, the former Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, Poland, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Greece, India, France and other 47 countries.
The second global war with the anti-fascist alliance and the anti-fascist forces all over the world as the other side.
ultimate cause
Because Germany was unwilling after World War I? Treaty of Versailles? Severely punish and restrict its defeated countries and secretly step up efforts to restore national strength; Italy, the victorious country, was miserable because it failed to get the territory promised by Britain and France; Japan, another victorious country, is also full of resentment against the restrictions imposed on it by the Washington Treaty, and has launched a new competition with Britain and the United States in the Asia-Pacific region, preparing to invade and expand China. The major victors such as Britain, France and the United States have serious differences on how to deal with the German issue.
Direct cause
The rapid rise of fascist regime. The basic characteristics of the fascist regime are totalitarian rule at home, foreign aggression and expansion, and world domination. In order to carve up the world again and expand the sphere of influence, the fascist rulers of Germany, Italy and Japan did not hesitate to launch the largest world war in human history.
The main event of World War II1929101On October 29th, the American Wall Street stock market crashed, which was called? Great depression? The economic crisis swept the whole capitalist world. It is against this background that fascism began to rise.
1931September 18, the Japanese launched the September 18th Incident, attacked Shenyang, China, and then completely annexed the northeast of China to prepare for the future full-scale war of aggression against China.
193365438+1On October 30th, Hitler was appointed as Germany by German President Hindenburg.
After the death of Hindenburg 1934 on August 2nd, Hitler succeeded as president and became the only supreme leader of the Third Reich with real power. In Germany, he is called? Fuehrer? .
1On July 7th, 937, the July 7th Incident broke out and Japan began to invade China in an all-round way.
1939 March 15, Hitler announced that the Germans would rearm and implement the conscription system, openly challenging the Versailles Peace Treaty and the Versailles Peace Treaty? Washington system. Subsequently, Austria and the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia were incorporated into the Third Reich, and the rest of the Czech Republic was quickly occupied by Germany.
1May 4th, 939 to1September 6th, 6, at the Battle of Nomenham, the Japanese Kwantung Army and the Soviet Red Army represented the puppet troops respectively. Manchukuo? At war with the Mongolian people. The battle ended in a fiasco of the Japanese Kwantung Army. After this war, Japan basically died in another war with the Soviet Union, which indirectly led to the outbreak of the Pacific War.
1939 On August 23rd, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty.
1939 September 1, Germany attacked Poland. On September 3rd, Britain and France declared war on Germany. On September 5, the United States issued the Declaration of Neutrality, and the Second World War officially broke out.
1940, launched in Germany? Lightning? Unpleasant. (April 9 captured Denmark and Norway, May 10 captured the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, and then attacked France. )
1May 940 10, the German army decided to use the "manstein Plan" to complete its aggression against Danish, Norwegian, Dutch, Belgian, Luxemburg, Polish, French and other western European countries.
In order to conquer the Soviet Union, Hitler planned the Trilateral Alliance Treaty between Germany, Italy and Japan. 1signed in Berlin on September 7th, 940.
On June 1940, Italy declared war on Britain and France, and the war spread to the Mediterranean and Africa.
1June 22, 940, France surrendered.
1940 On July 16, Hitler gave the order to invade Britain (Sea Lion Project). 1In August, 940, German aviation began intensive raids on British cities.
1941On June 22nd, Germany tore up the treaty and invaded the Soviet Union, and the Soviet-German war broke out.
19411On February 7, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the Pacific War broke out, the United States declared war on Japan, and more than 20 other countries declared war on Japan at the same time, and the Second World War broke out in an all-round way.
1 942 65438+1October1,26 countries including China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union signed the United Nations Declaration, and the world anti-fascist United front was finally formed.
1September 8, 943, Italy surrendered unconditionally.
1On May 8, 945, Germany surrendered unconditionally.
1On July 26th, 945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan.
1August 6, 945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb to bomb Hiroshima, Japan.
1on August 9, 945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb to bomb Nagasaki, Japan.
On August 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally.
1On September 2, 945, Japanese government representatives were on American warships? Missouri? The unconditional surrender was signed on the deck of the ship.
At this point, the Second World War ended.
Germany's Two World Wars The German Empire provoked the First World War in 19 14, which collapsed due to the defeat in 19 18, and the German emperor William II abdicated. 1919 In February, Germany established the Weimar Republic.
1933 Hitler came to power to implement dictatorship and establish Nazi Germany. 1939 Germany launched World War II. Under the attack of allied forces, Germany was defeated and surrendered on May 8, 1945.
The Germans invaded Poland on September 1939, and then cooperated with the Soviets to quickly occupy the whole territory of Poland. Britain and France declared war on Germany and World War II began. With the progress of the war, Germany and its allies quickly took control of the European continent and North Africa, but the plan to force Britain to surrender or cease fire failed. From 1939 to 1940, they quickly occupied Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and France by launching blitzkrieg, and launched air strikes against Britain.
1941On June 22nd, Germany violated the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty and invaded the Soviet Union. Germany1June 28, 942 to1February 9, 943 suffered a failure, retreated from the eastern front and fell into the battle of Stalingrad. Germany's ally Italy surrendered in September 1943, forcing Germany to defend the Italian front. After the battle of Normandy, the western front battlefield was added, and the allies further entered Germany.